Heliocentric orbit
Aheliocentric orbit(also calledcircumsolar orbit) is anorbitaround thebarycenterof theSolar System,which is usually located within or very near the surface of theSun.Allplanets,comets,andasteroidsin the Solar System, and the Sun itself are in such orbits, as are many artificialprobesand pieces ofdebris.The moons of planets in the Solar System, by contrast, are not in heliocentric orbits, as they orbit their respective planet (although the Moon has a convex orbit around the Sun).
The barycenter of the Solar System, while always very near the Sun, moves through space as time passes, depending on where other large bodies in the Solar System, such asJupiterand other largegas planets,are located at that time. A similar phenomenon allows the detection ofexoplanetsby way of theradial-velocity method.
Thehelio-prefix is derived from theGreekword "ἥλιος", meaning "Sun", and alsoHelios,thepersonificationof the Sun inGreek mythology.[1]
The first spacecraft to be put in a heliocentric orbit wasLuna 1in 1959. An incorrectly timed upper-stage burn caused it to miss its planned impact on theMoon.[2]
Trans-Mars injection
[edit]
A = Hohmann transfer orbit. B = Conjunction mission. C = Opposition mission
Atrans-Mars injection (TMI)is a heliocentric orbit in which apropulsive maneuveris used to set aspacecrafton atrajectory,also known asMars transfer orbit,which will place it as far asMarsorbit.
Every two years,low-energy transferwindows open up, which allow movement between the two planets with the lowest possibleenergyrequirements. Transfer injections can place spacecraft into either aHohmann transfer orbitorbi-elliptic transferorbit. Trans-Mars injections can be either a single maneuver burn, such as that used by theNASAMAVENorbiter in 2013, or a series of perigee kicks, such as that used by theISROMars Orbiter Missionin 2013.[3][4]
See also
[edit]- Astrodynamics
- Earth's orbit
- Geocentric orbit
- Heliocentrism
- List of artificial objects in heliocentric orbit
- List of orbits
- Low-energy transfer
References
[edit]- ^ "helio-".Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1).Random House.2006.Retrieved2009-02-12.
- ^"NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details".nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.Retrieved2022-01-04.
- ^ISRO successfully sends Mars orbiter into sun-centric orbit.
- ^Orbiter successfully placed in Mars Transfer Trajectory.
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