Trepassey

Not to be confused withHMS Trepassey,Trepassey Bay,Trepassey Island,orTrepassey railway branchline.

Trepassey Trépassés (Dead Men)
Town
Nickname(s): Bay of Dead Men, Bay of Souls, River of Roses, The Golden Grove
Trepassey Location of Trepassey inNewfoundland
Coordinates:46°44.2′N53°21.80′W
Country	Canada
Province	Newfoundland and Labrador
Settled	1617
Area
• Total	55.81 km2(21.55 sq mi)
Population (2021)
• Total	405
• Density	8.6/km2(22/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC-3:30(Newfoundland Time)
• Summer (DST)	UTC-2:30(Newfoundland Daylight)
Area code	709
Highways	Route 10

Trepassey(46°44.2′N53°21.80′W) is a small fishing community located inTrepassey Bayon the south eastern corner of theAvalon PeninsulaofNewfoundland and Labrador.It was in Trepassey Harbour where the flight of theFriendshiptook off, withAmelia Earharton board, the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean.

Trepassey, 1869

U.S. Navy ships in Trepassey Bay, May 1919.

History

Trepassey originates from the French word trépassés (dead men), named afterBaie des Trépasséson the Brittany coast of France. It is believedthat it acquired this name due to the many shipwrecks that have occurred off its coast. Trepassey is the name of the harbour, the bay and the community. Later the translation was used as 'Dead Man's Bay' due to the tragic shipwrecks along the coast. Alternatively,the 'tre' element of the name could come from theWelshword for 'town', explained by theWelshinfluence of the Vaughan family.

French explorer Jacques Cartier passed through Trepassey Bay during his second voyage of exploration in 1536. Later, French, Spanish and Portuguese lived and fished near the area. Early English settlement attempts failed, and it was not until the latter part of the 17th century that the French settled the area. In 1702, during The War of The Spanish Succession, Commodore John Leake of the Royal Navy entered the harbour as part of a large naval expedition aimed at raiding numerous French settlements. Leake captured many French fishing ships and attacked French fishing stations, destroying them and driving the French from Trepassey. Until the Treaty of Utretch was signed, Trepassey was the sole settlement where English and French borders in Newfoundland met. Later fishermen from the West Country of England arrived, to be followed by large numbers of Irish and by the 1770s the Irish formed the majority of the population.

In the decades following theSecond World War,the fishing industry boomed in Trepassey, and the town became increasingly affluent. However, its prosperitydeclinedin 1991 with the closing of the local fish plant, which put hundreds out of work.

Timeline

• 1505, Trepassey first appears on European maps as a supply depot. It becomes known to early Portuguese explorers as "Rio das Rosas" or "River of Roses". Trepassey, from the 16th century onward, becomes a port for English, French and Iberian fishing fleets on the Grand Banks to resupply before returning across the Atlantic.
• 1600s, Trepassey marks the area where the French andWelshareas of influence in Newfoundland meet.
• 1610s-20s, first attempt to permanently settle Trepassey and establish a plantation possibly made by SirWilliam Vaughan.
• 1620s-50s, The French also eventually settle the area, calling it "La Baie des Trépassés" or "Bay of Souls". Over time, the name "Trépassés" became anglicized into "Trepassey".Samuel de Champlainwrote of how useful the settlement was for catching and drying fish.
• 1652, The English, after settling the area at an unknown time, live side by side with the French.
• 1675, the French occupy one part of the Trepassey harbour and the English the other side.
• 1670s, the Periman or Perriman brothers fromNorth Devon,arrive in Trepassey and operate a successful fishing plantation.
• 1681, the French prohibit theBasquesfrom fishing in or near Trepassey.
• 1690s, after mounting tensions, the English are forced out of Trepassey by the French.
• 1702,CommodoreJohn Leakeheads for Trepassey as part aseries of English raids along Newfoundland's coast.Leake had learned of several French fishing ships in Trepassey from the English colonists inBay Bulls.Leake captures not only the French ships but also destroys multiple French fishing stages, effectively driving the French from Trepassey once and for all.
• 1713, theTreaty of Utrechtgives complete control of Newfoundland to Great Britain.
• 1720, on 21 June, the pirateBartholomew Robertsapproaches Trepassey, finding 172 merchant and fishing ships at anchor.Despite the ships having about forty cannons of various size between them, Roberts takes command of the harbour without opposition. He then burns 22 of the vessels and commandeers abrigantinefromBristol,before departing.
• 1767, Trepassey Bay is surveyed and mapped by the British cartographer end explorer,James Cook.
• 1779, a coastal artillery battery of six guns is constructed in order to repelContinental privateersduring theAmerican Revolutionary War.Other coastal batteries constructed at about the same time along the Southern Shore includedSt Mary's,Renews,Port Kirwan,FerrylandandBay Bulls.
• 1797, the principal merchants of Trepassey sign a petition sent to the Governor inSt. John'sfor the rebuilding of the coastal battery.
• 1813, Trepassey's battery is refitted with two 9-pounder cannons.
• 1815, Trepassey's battery falls out of use at the end of theNapoleonic Wars.
• 1821, the first lighthouse is built atCape Pine,the southernmost point in Newfoundland.
• 1836, the population is listed as 247.
• 1863, the postmaster was John Devereaix (variant of D'evreux).
• 1884, population reaches 668.
• 1886, the Way or Post, office closed.
• 1898, Trepassey-born William Fewer, a boatswain on board theUSS Maineis killed when the vessel explodes at anchor in Havana Harbour, igniting theSpanish–American War.
• 1914, the Newfoundland Railway Branch Line is completed, linking Trepassey with St. John’s.
• 1919, United States Navy Curtiss Flying Boats (the NC-1, NC-3 andNC-4) leave Trepassey harbour on May 16; NC-4 flies to Portugal via theAzores,thus completing the first successful (althoughnot non-stop)transatlantic flight.
• 1928 (June 28), after staying in Trepassey for three weeks,Amelia Earhartas a passenger aboard theFriendship,becomes the first woman to fly across the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1969, the community elects its first town council.
• 1991, the local fish plant closes putting over 600 people out of work.

Demographics

In the2021 Census of Populationconducted byStatistics Canada,Trepassey had a population of405living in224of its299total private dwellings, a change of-15.8% from its 2016 population of481.With a land area of 54.21 km²(20.93 sq mi), it had a population density of7.5/km²(19.3/sq mi) in 2021.

See also

• List of cities and towns in Newfoundland and Labrador