Truce of Vilna
Truce/Treaty of Vilna[1][2][3]orTruce/Treaty of Niemieża(Polish:Rozejm w Niemieży)[4][5]was atreatysigned at Niemieża (modernNemėžis) nearVilnius(also known as Vilna) on 3 November 1656 betweenTsardom of RussiaandPolish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,introducing atruceduring theRusso-Polish War (1654–67)and an anti-Swedish alliance in the contemporaneousSecond Northern War.[1][6]In return for ceasing hostilities and fighting Sweden alongside Poland–Lithuania, the treaty promisedAlexis of Russiasuccession in Poland afterJohn II Casimir Vasa's death.[7]TheCossacksunderBohdan Khmelnytskywere excluded from the negotiations, and subsequently supported theTransylvanian invasionon the Swedish side.[8]
Developments
[edit]After a series of successes for the Russian forces, with an even more successfulSwedish invasion of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth,the Russian tsar decided that total defeat of the Commonwealth and Swedish victory leading to major strengthening of Sweden (a threat to Russia) would not be in the best interests of Russia.[5]
The negotiations began in Autumn of 1655, betweenField Hetman of LithuaniaWincenty Korwin Gosiewskiand Russian commanderAfanasy Ordin-Nashchokin,and led to a quick ceasefire along the Polish-Russian front, allowing the Commonwealth to concentrate on the Swedish incursion. In the light of its successes, the Commonwealth's stance in the negotiations intensified, and it has rejected Russian territorial demands; however both Poland and Russia agreed to continue engaging Sweden.[5]There were also negotiations about the Russian tsar or his descendant ascending to the Commonwealth's throne (seePolish–Lithuanian–Muscovite Commonwealth).[9]Russian forces marched on Swedish Livonia andbesieged Rigain theRusso-Swedish War (1656–58).The Russian ally,Zaporozhian CossackhetmanBohdan Khmelnytskywas informed about the Russian plans; he was not against a temporary armistice with Poland as such;[10]but he was afraid of an alliance between Russia and Poland aimed at crushing Cossack rebellion as a possible consequence of the treaty.[11]
In 1658 the Russo-Polish war would resume, with another Russian invasion of the Commonwealth territories.
References
[edit]- ^abRobert I. Frost,After the deluge: Poland-Lithuania and the Second Northern War, 1655-1660,Cambridge University Press, 2004,ISBN0-521-54402-5,Google Print, p. 81-82
- ^Charles Knight,Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge,1841,Google Print, p.260
- ^As used in various publications
- ^As used in various publications
- ^abcEdward Henry Lewinski Corwin,The Political History of Poland,Polish Book Importing Co, 1917,p. 253-254
- ^Frost, Robert I (2000).The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721.Longman. pp. 173–174, 183.ISBN978-0-582-06429-4.
- ^Frost, Robert I (2000).The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721.Longman. pp. 173–174.ISBN978-0-582-06429-4.
- ^Frost, Robert I (2000).The Northern Wars. War, State and Society in Northeastern Europe 1558-1721.Longman. p. 183.ISBN978-0-582-06429-4.
- ^Zbigniew Wojcik,Russian Endeavors for the Polish Crown in the Seventeenth Century', Slavic Review, Vol. 41, No. 1 (Spring, 1982), pp. 59-72 (article consists of 14 pages),JSTOR
- ^Грамоты из переписки царя Алексея Михайловича с Богданом Хмельницким в 1656 г.
- ^М. Грушевский. История Украины-Руси. Том IX. Глава XI. С. 4