Tuckermannopsis
| Tuckermannopsis | |
|---|---|
| |
| Tuckermannopsis ciliaris | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Ascomycota |
| Class: | Lecanoromycetes |
| Order: | Lecanorales |
| Family: | Parmeliaceae |
| Genus: | Tuckermannopsis Gyeln.(1933) |
| Type species | |
| Tuckermanopsis ciliaris (Ach.) Gyeln. (1933)
| |
Tuckermannopsisis agenusof folioselichensin the familyParmeliaceae.
Taxonomy
[edit]The genus wascircumscribedin 1933 by Hungarian lichenologistVilmos Kőfaragó-Gyelnik.The genus nameTuckermannopsishonoursEdward Tuckerman(1817–1886), who was an Americanbotanistandprofessorwho made significant contributions to the study oflichensand other alpine plants. He was a founding member of the Natural History Society of Boston and most of his career was spent atAmherst College.[1]
Tuckermanopsis ciliariswas assigned as thetype,and at that time, only species.[2]The type species is acetrarioidlichen, meaning it is erect, foliose, and withapotheciaandpycnidia(sexualandasexualreproductive structures, respectively) that are largely restricted to the margins of the lobes. Starting in the 1980s, the genus became awastebasket taxoncontaining cetrarioid species of uncertaintaxonomicaffinities.[3]In 2001,Ingvar Kärnefeltand Arne Thell attempted to delimitTuckermannopsisbased on a combination ofmorphologyandmolecular phylogeny,although the DNA of only four species was used in the analysis. They accepted seven species in the genus, with distribution centres in western North America and Japan.[4]
In 2017, Divakar and colleagues used a recently developed "temporal phylogenetic" approach to identify temporal bands for specific taxonomic ranks in the family Parmeliaceae, suggesting that groups of species thatdivergedwithin the time window of 29.45–32.55 million years ago represent genera. They proposed tosynonymizeTuckermannopsis(and several other cetrelioid genera) withNephromopsis,so that all the genera within the Parmeliaceae are about the same age.[5]Although some of their proposed taxonomic changes were accepted, the synonymization of the cetrelioid genera withNephromopsiswas not accepted in a later critical analysis of the temporal phylogenetic technique for use in fungalsystematics.[6]
Description
[edit]Characteristic of genusTuckermannopsisinclude athallusthat is eitherfoliose(leafy) or somewhatfruticose(shrubby) with an upper surface that is brown or greenish in colour; cylindricalasciwith a smalltholus(a thickened apical region) and broad axial body;ascosporesthat are more or less spherical, measuring 4–8 μm in diameter; the absence of the secondary metaboliteusnic acidin thecortex,and the presence of various compounds in themedulla.[3]
Species
[edit]
- Tuckermannopsis americana(Spreng.) Hale (1987)[7]
- Tuckermannopsis aurescens(Tuck.) Hale (1987)[7]
- Tuckermannopsis chlorophylla(Willd.) Hale (1987)[7]
- Tuckermannopsis ciliaris(Ach.) Gyeln. (1933)[2]
- Tuckermannopsis gilva(Asahina) M.J.Lai (1980)[8]
- Tuckermannopsis hengduanensis(X.Q.Gao & L.H.Chen) M.J.Lai & Z.G.Qian (2007)
- Tuckermannopsis merrillii(Du Rietz) Hale (1987)[7]
- Tuckermannopsis microphyllica(W.L.Culb. & C.F.Culb.) M.J.Lai (1980)[8]
- Tuckermannopsis orbata(Nyl.) M.J.Lai (1980)[8]
- Tuckermannopsis subalpina(Imshaug) Kärnefelt (1993)[9]
- Tuckermannopsis ulophylloides(Asahina) M.J.Lai (1980)[8]
- Tuckermannopsis weii(X.Q.Gao & L.H.Chen) Randlane & Saag (2003)[3]
The lichen once calledTuckermannopsis inermis(Nyl.) Kärnefelt (1993)has been transferred to genusMelanohalea,asMasonhalea inermis.T. coralligera(W.A.Weber) W.A.Weber (1991)[10]andT. fendleri(Nyl.) Hale (1987)[7]have been moved to genusTuckermanella,created in 2003 to contain cetrarioid lichens previously placed in the "Cetraria fendleri"species group.[11]
References
[edit]- ^Burkhardt, Lotte (2022).Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen[Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names](pdf)(in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin.doi:10.3372/epolist2022.ISBN978-3-946292-41-8.RetrievedJanuary 27,2022.
- ^abGyelnik, V. (1933). "Lichenes varii novi criticique" [Various new and critical lichens].Acta Fauna et Flora Universitatis II. Botanica(in Latin).1:3–10.
- ^abcRandlane, Tiina; Saag, Andres (2003)."Taxonomic notes on some cetrarioid lichens".Mycotaxon.87:479–487.
- ^Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Thell, Arne (2001). "The delimitation of the genusTuckermannopsisGyeln. (Parmeliaceae, lichenized Ascomycetes) based on morphology and DNA sequences ". In McCarthy, P.M.; Kantvilas, G.; Louwhoff, S.H.J.J. (eds.).Lichenological Contributions in Honour of Jack Elix.Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 78. Stuttgart/Berlin: J. Cramer. pp. 193–210.ISBN978-3-443-58057-5.ISSN1436-1698.
- ^Divakar, Pradeep K.; Crespo, Ana; Kraichak, Ekaphan; Leavitt, Steven D.; Singh, Garima; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2017). "Using a temporal phylogenetic method to harmonize family- and genus-level classification in the largest clade of lichen-forming fungi".Fungal Diversity.84:101–117.doi:10.1007/s13225-017-0379-z.
- ^Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in Fungi (including lichens) and other organisms".Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences.38(3): 199–253.doi:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517.
- ^abcdeEgan, Robert S. (1987). "A fifth checklist of the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of the continental United States and Canada".The Bryologist.90(2): 77–173.doi:10.2307/3242609.JSTOR3242609.
- ^abcdLai, Ming Jou (1980). "Studies on the cetrarioid lichens in Parmeliaceae of East Asia (I)".Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum.33(3–4): 215–229.
- ^Kärnefelt, Ingvar; Mattsson, Jan-Eric; Thell, Arne; Karnefelt, Ingvar (1993). "The lichen generaArctocetraria,Cetraria,andCetrariella(Parmeliaceae) and their presumed evolutionary affinities ".The Bryologist.96(3): 394.doi:10.2307/3243869.JSTOR3243869.
- ^Egan, Robert S. "Changes to the" Fifth Checklist of the Lichen-Forming, Lichenicolous and Allied Fungi of the Continental United States and Canada. "Edition III".The Bryologist.94(4): 396–400.doi:10.2307/3243829.JSTOR3243829.
- ^Esslinger, T.L. (2003)."Tuckermanella,a new cetrarioid genus in western North America ".Mycotaxon.85:135–141.