Jump to content

Tun Sri Lanang

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tun Muhammad bin Tun Ahmad,better known asTun Sri Lanang,[1]was theBendaharaof the royal court of theJohor Sultanatewho lived between the 16th and 17th centuries.[1]He served under two sultans of Johor, namely; SultanAli Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II(1570–1597) and SultanAlauddin Riayat Shah III(1597–1615) and also advisers to three rulers of theAceh Sultanatenamely;Sultan Iskandar Muda(until 1636),Sultan Iskandar Thani(1636–1641) andSultana Tajul Alam Safiatuddin Shah(1641–1675). He had two honorific titles throughout his lifetime; as the Bendahara of Johor,Bendahara Paduka Raja Tun Mohamad,[2]while he was given the title ofOrang Kaya Dato' Bendahara Seri Paduka Tun Seberangafter settling in Aceh.

Early life and events in Johor

[edit]

Tun Sri Lanang was born in 1565 in Seluyut, Johor, and was descended from Tun Tahir, a brother of BendaharaTun Mutahir of Malacca.[3]There are not many records about his tenure as Bendahara in Johor. However, during the rule of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah III, he shouldered a heavier burden on the affairs of the state as the Sultan is a weak ruler. He shared the responsibility with the Sultan's brother Raja Abdullah (later to become SultanAbdullah Ma'ayat Shahreigning between 1615 and 1623).

During the period the Dutch were attacking the Portuguese for the port of Malacca. The Dutch signed a friendship treaty with the Johor Sultanate (in 1606) with Tun Sri Lanang as representative. Tun Sri Lanang refused the Dutch request of helping the Dutch to blockade the port of Malacca preferring the Dutch do it themselves.

In 1612, at the request of Raja Abdullah to pen theMalay Annalsto ensure "... all theadat,the rules and the ceremonies of the Malay sultans and rajas to be heard by our descendants and is made known all utterances so that it may benefit them ". At this time, under the orders of Sultan Alauddin Riayat Shah, Tun Sri Lanang oversaw the editorial and compilation process[4]of the Malay Annals, better known asSejarah MelayuinMalay.

In 1613, Aceh attacked Johor and in the battle of Batu Sawar. Johor was defeated and the Royal Family and Tun Sri Lanang was captured and brought to Aceh. The Bendaharaship was continued by his descendants. His notable descendants includeRaja Temenggong of Muarand the BendaharaTun Habib Abdul Majid,the latter being an ancestor to the various branches of the current Johor royal family.[5][6][7]

Later life in Aceh

[edit]

After a brief "reeducation" in Aceh, the Johor Royal Family was returned to Johor. Tun Sri Lanang elected to stay in Aceh. He became advisor to the third Sultan of Aceh and was bestowed an Aceh honorific title. He was awarded a personal fief in Samalanga,Acehin 1613 and held the titleUleebalang of Samalanga.He died in 1659 inSamalanga.[8]

Legacy

[edit]

Some of Tun Sri Lanang's descendants ruled as the Uleebalang of Samalanga until 1949, when Indonesia was formed in the same year. Many of his descendants were fervent nationalists including the female warrior Pocut Meuligo,[9]Teuku Muhammad Daud, Teuku Abdul Hamid Azwar and Teuku Hamzah Bendehara. Some of his descendants carry the "Bedahara" suffix to their names indicating their ancestry.

His legacy is not only the rewriting and compiling of the magnum opus "Sejarah Melayu" but also includes the strongly Islamic flavor of Samalanga. Samalanga is also known as "Kota Santri",[8]or "Town of Medrassas" is the centre of Islamic propagation in Aceh until today. Samalanga was also among the last town to fall to the Dutch during the time of the last Sultan of Aceh, Sultan Muhammad Daud Shah and also one of his strongholds.

Places named in honour of Tun Sri Lanang

[edit]

Buildings and Institutions

[edit]

Roads

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abAgus, Abdul Aziz,Tokoh yang Kukoh, dalam Kesusasteraan Melayu Lama dan Baru, oleh Agus Salim: Dengan Sejarah Sastera,pg 72
  2. ^The title Bendahara Paduka Raja being his honorific.
  3. ^Hamilton,Source of the Malacca Johore and Pahang Genealogies,pg 148
  4. ^Safian, Johan, Mohd. Thani, Hawa,History of Modern Malay Literature,pg 260 As a history teacher who is dedicated to his field, Shaharom Husain believes that a writer/compiler of the Sejarah Melayu is important and should be remembered and his deeds "respected" by the future generation. although Shaharom Husain agrees that Tun Seri Lanang is not the real author of Sejarah Melayu, he does not deny that the said personality is a "writer, historian and compiler of...
  5. ^Haji Buyong bin Adil,Sejarah Terengganu,pg 207
  6. ^Winstedt,A History of Johore,pg 189, 194
  7. ^Trocki, Carl A. (2007).Prince of Pirates: The Temenggongs and the Development of Johor and Singapore, 1784-1885.NUS Press. p. 28.ISBN978-9971-69-376-3.
  8. ^ab(Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman,Tun Seri Lanang, Sejarah dan Warisan Tokoh Melayu Tradisional,page 89
  9. ^(Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman,Tun Seri Lanang, Sejarah dan Warisan Tokoh Melayu Tradisional,pages 128-131
  10. ^Saturday eventsArchived2011-06-04 at theWayback Machine,February 28, 2009,The Star (Malaysia)
  11. ^"PTSL – Perpustakaan Tun Seri Lanang".
  12. ^Award of Meritorious Service Medal(Posthumous)(Pingat Jasa Gemilang), 9 August 2005Archived25 July 2011 at theWayback MachineSingapore Government–Ministry of Home Affairs
  13. ^Bus routes to change when Iskandar Complex opensDecember 2008,New Straits Times
  14. ^The 'Sejarah Melayu' as literature,July 26, 2000,New Straits Times

References

[edit]
  • Agus bin Salim, Abdul Ghani bin Abdul Aziz (1966).Tokoh yang Kukoh, dalam Kesusasteraan Melayu Lama dan Baru, oleh Agus Salim: Dengan Sejarah Sastera.Pustaka Nasional.
  • Haji Buyong bin Adil,Sejarah Terengganu,published by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia, 1974
  • Hamilton, A.W. (1933). "Source of the Malacca Johore and Pahang Genealogies".Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society.
  • Safian Hussain, Johan Jaaffar, Mohd. Thani Ahmad, Hawa Abdullah (1992).History of Modern Malay Literature.Malaysia:Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.ISBN983-62-2745-8.{{cite book}}:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman (2008).Tun Seri Lanang, Sejarah dan Warisan Tokoh Melayu Tradisional.Media Satria.ISBN978-983-43485-6-4.
  • (Tun) Suzana (Tun) Othman,Institusi Bendahara; Permata Melayu yang hilang,2002,ISBN983-40566-6-4
  • Winstedt, R. O, A History of Johore (1365–1941), (M.B.R.A.S. Reprints, 6.) Kuala Lumpur: Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1992,ISBN983-99614-6-2

Further reading

[edit]
  • Kwa, Chong Guan and Borschberg, Peter, eds.,Studying Singapore before 1800,Singapore: NUS Press, 2018.https://www.academia.edu/8314032
  • Borschberg, Peter, ed.,Journal, Memorials and Letters of Cornelis Matelieff de Jonge. Security, Diplomacy and Commerce in 17th Century Southeast Asia,Singapore: NUS Press, 2015.https://www.academia.edu/4302783
  • Borschberg, Peter, ed.,Admiral Matelieff's Singapore and Johor, 1606-1616Singapore: NUS Press, 2016.https://www.academia.edu/11868450
  • Borschberg, Peter, ed., "Jacques de Coutre's Singapore and Johor", Singapore: NUS Press, 2015.ISBN978-9971-69-852-2.https://www.academia.edu/9672124
  • Rouffaer, G.P., "Was Malaka Emporium vóór 1400 A.D. genaamd Malajoer? En waar lag Woerawari, Ma-Hasin, Langka, Batoesawar?", Bijdragen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Volk- en Letterkunde, 77 (1921): 1-174 and 359–604.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tun_Sri_Lanang&oldid=1242525466"