Turbo generator

500 MWSiemensmulti stagesteam turbinewith generator set (rear, red)

Aturbo generatoris anelectric generatorconnected to the shaft of awater turbineorsteam turbineorgas turbinefor the generation ofelectric power.^{[note 1]}Largesteam-poweredturbo generators provide the majority of the world's electricity and are also used by steam-poweredturbo-electricships.^[1]

Small turbo-generators driven bygas turbinesare often used asauxiliary power units(APU, mainly foraircraft).

History[edit]

Turbine construction at the Ganz Company around 1886

The first turbo-generators were electric generators powered bywater turbines.The first Hungarian water turbine was designed by the engineers of theGanz Worksin 1866; industrial-scale production with dynamo generators started only in 1883.^[2]EngineerCharles Algernon Parsonsdemonstrated a DC steam-powered turbo generator using adynamoin 1887,^[3]and by 1901 had supplied the first large industrialACturbo generator of megawatt power to a plant in Eberfeld, Germany.^[4]

Turbo generators were also used on steam locomotives as a power source for coach lighting andwater pumpsfor heating systems.

Construction features[edit]

Turbo generators are used for high shaft rotational speeds, typical of steam and gas turbines. Therotorof a turbo generator is anon-salient poletype usually with two poles.^[5]

The normal speed of a turbo generator is 1500 or 3000 rpm with four or two poles at 50 Hz (1800 or 3600 rpm with four or two poles at 60 Hz). The rotating parts of a turbo generator are subjected to high mechanical stresses because of the high operation speed. To make the rotor mechanically resistant in large turbo-alternators, the rotor is normally forged from solidsteeland alloys like chromium-nickel-steel or chromium-nickel-molybdenum are used. The overhang of windings at the periphery will be secured by steel retaining rings. Heavy non-magnetic metal wedges on top of the slots hold the field windings against centrifugal forces. Hard composition insulating materials, likemicaandasbestos,are normally used in the slots of rotor. These material can withstand high temperatures and high crushing forces.^[6]

The stator of large turbo generators may be built of two or more parts while in smaller turbo-generators it is built up in one complete piece.^[7]

Hydrogen-cooled turbo generator[edit]

Based on the air-cooled turbo generator, gaseoushydrogenfirst went into service as thecoolantin ahydrogen-cooled turbo generatorin October 1937, at theDayton Power & LightCo. inDayton, Ohio.^[8]Hydrogen is used as the coolant in the rotor and sometimes thestator,allowing an increase in specific utilization and a 99.0% efficiency. Because of the highthermal conductivity,highspecific heatand lowdensityof hydrogen gas, this is the most common type in its field today. The hydrogen can be manufactured on-site byelectrolysis.

The generator is hermetically sealed to prevent escape of the hydrogen gas. The absence ofoxygenin the atmosphere within significantly reduces the damage of the windings' insulation by eventualcorona discharges.The hydrogen gas is circulated within the rotor enclosure, and cooled by a gas-to-waterheat exchanger.^[9]

Notes[edit]

^For the purposes of this article, the term turbo generator means the electrical machine that converts mechanical power from a rotating turbine shaft to electrical power. However, there is inconsistency between sources about the definition of turbo-generator. Some online dictionaries give a definition: "A turbo generator is the combination of a turbine directly connected to an electric generator for the generation of electric power"[1],and there is a similar definition here[2].Other dictionaries and most electrical engineering sources give a definition that is limited to the electrical machine, with the turbine identified as a separate entity. See[3],[4],and from theIEEE:[5]and[6].Sources from manufacturers also support the definition being limited to the electrical machine.[7]and[8],and"Turbo generators for thermal power plants".ANDRITZ.Archivedfrom the original on May 31, 2023.

References[edit]

^Ginet, C.; Joho, R.; Verrier, M."The turbogenerator – A continuous engineering challenge"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2010-08-21.
^"Vízenergia hasznosítás szigetközi szemmel Avagy mi lesz veled, Dunakiliti?"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2013-10-15.Retrieved2013-10-15.
^Smil, Vaclav (2005).Creating the Twentieth Century.Oxford University Press. pp.63–64.ISBN 0195168747.
^Scientific American,27 April 1901
^Basic Electrical Engineering (Be 104).McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. 1990. p. 8.1.ISBN 978-1-259-08116-3.Archivedfrom the original on 11 February 2018.Retrieved8 August2017.
^Basic Electrical Engineering (Be 104).McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. 1990. p. 8.3.ISBN 978-1-259-08116-3.Archivedfrom the original on 11 February 2018.Retrieved8 August2017.
^Basic Electrical Engineering (Be 104).McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. 1990. p. 8.4.ISBN 978-1-259-08116-3.Archivedfrom the original on 11 February 2018.Retrieved8 August2017.
^National Electrical Manufacturers Association (11 February 2018)."A chronological history of electrical development from 600 B.C."New York, N.Y., National Electrical Manufacturers Association – via Internet Archive.
^"Aeroderivative & Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines - GE Power".www.gepower.com.Archivedfrom the original on 2010-05-05.

External links[edit]

Small Turbo-generator for DG & Hybrids

[1] For the purposes of this article, the term turbo generator means the electrical machine that converts mechanical power from a rotating turbine shaft to electrical power. However, there is inconsistency between sources about the definition of turbo-generator. Some online dictionaries give a definition: "A turbo generator is the combination of a turbine directly connected to an electric generator for the generation of electric power"[1],and there is a similar definition here[2].Other dictionaries and most electrical engineering sources give a definition that is limited to the electrical machine, with the turbine identified as a separate entity. See[3],[4],and from theIEEE:[5]and[6].Sources from manufacturers also support the definition being limited to the electrical machine.[7]and[8],and"Turbo generators for thermal power plants".ANDRITZ.Archivedfrom the original on May 31, 2023.

[2] Ginet, C.; Joho, R.; Verrier, M."The turbogenerator – A continuous engineering challenge"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2010-08-21.

[3] "Vízenergia hasznosítás szigetközi szemmel Avagy mi lesz veled, Dunakiliti?"(PDF).Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2013-10-15.Retrieved2013-10-15.

[4] Smil, Vaclav (2005).Creating the Twentieth Century.Oxford University Press. pp.63–64.ISBN 0195168747.

[5] Scientific American,27 April 1901

[Basic_Electrical_Engineering_(Be_104)_p._8.1-6] Basic Electrical Engineering (Be 104).McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. 1990. p. 8.1.ISBN 978-1-259-08116-3.Archivedfrom the original on 11 February 2018.Retrieved8 August2017.

[Basic_Electrical_Engineering_(Be_104)_p._8.3-7] Basic Electrical Engineering (Be 104).McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. 1990. p. 8.3.ISBN 978-1-259-08116-3.Archivedfrom the original on 11 February 2018.Retrieved8 August2017.

[Basic_Electrical_Engineering_(Be_104)_p._8.4-8] Basic Electrical Engineering (Be 104).McGraw-Hill Education (India) Pvt Limited. 1990. p. 8.4.ISBN 978-1-259-08116-3.Archivedfrom the original on 11 February 2018.Retrieved8 August2017.

[9] National Electrical Manufacturers Association (11 February 2018)."A chronological history of electrical development from 600 B.C."New York, N.Y., National Electrical Manufacturers Association – via Internet Archive.

[10] "Aeroderivative & Heavy-Duty Gas Turbines - GE Power".www.gepower.com.Archivedfrom the original on 2010-05-05.

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