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Twist (dance)

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Dancing twist, Berlin, May 17, 1964

Thetwist[a]is a dance that was inspired byrock and rollmusic. From 1959 to the early sixties it became a worldwidedance craze,enjoying immense popularity while drawing controversies from critics who felt it was too provocative. It inspired dances such as theJerk,thePony,theWatusi,theMashed Potato,theMonkey,and theFunky Chicken,but none were as popular.

Having seen teenagers in Tampa, Florida doing the dance,Hank Ballardwrote "The Twist",which became theB-sideof Hank Ballard andThe Midnighters' 1959 single "Teardrops on Your Letter".[1][2]Dick Clark,having noticed the dance becoming popular among teenagers, recommended toCameo Recordsthat the more wholesomeChubby Checkerrerecord the song, which was released in 1959 and became a number one hit in 1960.[1]The dance became passé among teenagers as it became acceptable among adults and the song was re-released, becoming a number one hit again in 1962.[1][2]

A world record was set inDeLand, Florida,on October 11, 2012, when Chubby Checker sang the song live and the crowd danced. An estimated 4,000 people twisted along with Checker, surpassing the previousGuinness World Recordfor most people twisting in the streets at once.[3]

Steps

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The twist is performed by standing with the feet approximately shoulder width apart. The torso may be squared to the knees and hips, or turned at an angle so one foot is farther forward than the other. The arms are held out from the body, bent at the elbow. The hips, torso, and legs rotate on the balls of the feet as a single unit, with the arms staying more or less stationary. The feet grind back and forth on the floor, and the dance can be varied in speed, intensity, and vertical height as necessary. Occasionally one leg is lifted off the floor for styling, but generally the dance posture is low and with the feet in contact with the floor with very little vertical motion. The moves include the mashed potato, swimming, drowning, twisting, arm swing and single leg twist.

Another description of the moves popularized byChubby Checker:[4]

1. STANCE: Prizefighter position, one leg extended forward, and arms extended forward from the elbow.

2. MOVEMENT: Hips swivel from side to side as if rubbing oneself with a towel. Knees are bent slightly. As hips move left, arms move to the right, and vice versa.

3. FOOT MOVEMENT: Twist feet as if putting out a cigarette. Entire body moving forward and back and from side to side.

According toTime,"the dancers barely ever touch each other or move their feet. Everything else, however, moves. The upper body sways forward and backward and the hips and shoulders twirl erotically, while the arms thrust in, out, up and down with the pistonlike motions of baffled bird keepers fighting off a flock of attack blue jays."[5]

Etymology

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The use of the name "twist" for dancing goes back to the nineteenth century. According to Marshall and Jean Stearns inJazz Dance,a pelvic dance motion called the twist came to America from the Congo during slavery.[6]One of the hit songs of earlyblackfaceminstrelsywasbanjoplayerJoel Walker Sweeney's "Vine Twist". One of the early black dance crazes of the early twentieth century was the "Mess Around",described by songwriterPerry Bradfordin his 1912 hit "Messin' Around" as: "Now anybody can learn the knack, put your hands on your hips and bend your back; stand in one spot nice and tight, and twist around, twist around with all of your might". But the twist at this point was basically grinding the hips. Blues singerBo Carterrecorded "Twist It Babe" in 1931, the reference in the lyrics apparently being a metaphor for sex.[7]In his "Winin' Boy Blues" in the late 1930s,Jelly Roll Mortonsang, "Mama, mama, look at sis, she's out on theleveedoing the double twist ". In the 1953 song" Let the Boogie Woogie Roll ",Clyde McPhatterandthe Drifterssang, "When she looked at me her eyes just shined like gold, and when she did the twist she bopped me to my soul".

But the simple dance that we now know as the Twist originates in the late fifties among teenagers, and was popularized by Chubby Checker in his preparation to debut the song to a national audience on August 6, 1960, onThe Dick Clark Show,a Saturday night program that, unlike disc jockey Clark's daytimeAmerican Bandstand,was a stage show with a sitting audience.

Origin

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Dick Clarkwas a powerhouse in music at the time, thanks toAmerican Bandstand,which ran five times a week in the afternoons, showcasing local dancers and visiting performers wholip-synchedalong with their recordings. Clark saw the song's potential when he heard Hank Ballard's original version, but Ballard and his group, whose greatest hit had been "Work With Me Annie" in 1954, was considered too raunchy to appeal to Clark's teenage audience. He urged Philadelphia record label Cameo/Parkway to record a new version of "The Twist" with young, wholesomeChubby Checker,who had displayed his talent for copying other artists on an earlier novelty hit "The Class". Released in summer 1960, Checker's rendition of "The Twist" became number one on the singles chart in the United States in 1960 and then again in 1962.

In 1961, at the height of the craze, patrons at New York City'sPeppermint Loungeon West 45th Street were twisting to the house band, a local group from New Jersey,Joey Dee and the Starliters.Their song, "Peppermint Twist(Part 1) "became number one in the United States for three weeks in January 1962.[8]In 1962Bo Diddleyreleased his albumBo Diddley's A Twister.He recorded several Twist tracks, including "The Twister", "Bo's Twist", and "Mama Don't Allow No Twistin'", which referenced the objections many parents had to the pelvic motions of the dance.

In Latin America, the twist caught fire in the early 1960s, fueled byBill Haley & His Comets.Their recordings of "The Spanish Twist" and "Florida Twist" were successes, particularly in Mexico. Haley, in interviews, credited Checker and Ballard. Coincidentally, Checker appeared in two musicals that took their titles from films Haley made in the 1950s:Twist Around the Clock(afterRock Around the Clock) andDon't Knock the Twist(afterDon't Knock the Rock).

Twist hits onBillboard

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See also:List of twist songs

Twist films

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In 1962Dell Comicsproduced aone-shotcomic calledThe Twistthat fictionalized the Peppermint Lounge dance craze.[2]Several television shows parodied the dance in the early 1960s. An episode ofThe Alvin Showshowed a parody of the Twist calledTheAlvinTwist."TheFlintstones"version was called the Twitch and aired in 1962, as did" TheDick Van Dyke Show"'s Twizzle. The same year, it was featured in an episode of"Leave It to Beaver"called" Beaver Joins a Record Club ". It was also mentioned in the Amazing Spider-Man issue number 2, where Jameson tells Peter Parker to buy" twist records "with his money.

The craze was even referenced by the United StatesFederal Open Market Committee(FOMC) when actions in 1961 were dubbed "Operation Twist".[11]In 2011 the FOMC revived Operation Twist.[12]

By the mid-1960s the dance reached Soviet Union and was popularized in a 1967 movie calledKidnapping, Caucasian Style.The dance moves were described – and visualized – in the same manner asChubby Checkerdescribed them, by putting out cigarettes with the balls of the feet.

The dance would come to be seen as emblematic of the early 1960s in later years, with popular songs, television shows, and movies likely to reference it when they wanted to convey the spirit of that time period. In 1978 rock bandThe B-52'sincluded the line, "Twisting round the fire", in their song of 1960sbeach party filmreferences, "Rock Lobster".

The Twist was one of the inspirations for theExodussong "The Toxic Waltz", from their 1989 albumFabulous Disaster.

The band Nirvana's song "Aneurysm", first released in 1991 on the "Smells Like Teen Spirit" single, prominently features a mention of the spirited dance in the first line of each verse, prompting its listeners to, "Come on over, and do the twist."

In 1993, a film byRon ManncalledTwistwas a documentary about the craze.Quentin Tarantino's 1994 filmPulp FictionfeaturedJohn TravoltaandUma Thurmandancing the Twist toChuck Berry's "You Never Can Tell" as part of the Jack Rabbit Slim's Twist Contest. InSpider-Man 3(2007),Harry OsbornandMary Jane Watsondance to "The Twist". In a Season One episode ofMad Men( "The Hobo Code" ), Peggy Olsson and several other employees of Sterling Cooper dance to Chubby Checker's "The Twist". Season One takes place in 1960, when Checker's version first became a hit.

In 1995 Faber & Faber publishedThe Twist: The Story of the Song and Dance That Changed the WorldbyJim Dawson,ISBN978-0-571-19852-8.In 2009 a version of the Twist was performed byLady Gagaand her backup dancers in the official video for the song "Bad Romance".The Twist was also a pivotal part of the bookThe Strange Case of Origami Yoda(2010), in which anorigamipuppet made to resembleYodagives out advice.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^Google Books counts 643, 50, and 8 sources using the terms "the twist dance", "the dance twist", and "the dance the twist" as of October 23, 2015.[clarification needed]A full-page ad inBillboardfollowing the release of the single used "'The Twist' dance".[1]

References

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  1. ^abcdBronson, Fred (2003).The Billboard Book of Number One Hits,p.74.ISBN9780823076772.
  2. ^abcdEury, Michael (August 2020). "The Twist".RetroFan(10). United States:TwoMorrows Publishing:16–17.
  3. ^Bauer, Peter."DeLand crowd sets 'twist' record with Chubby Checker".Daytona Beach News Journal.RetrievedOctober 13,2012.
  4. ^"Chubby Checker – Twistin' Round The World (1962 LP, reverse side)".Discogs.
  5. ^Denisoff, R. Serge and Romanowski, William D. (1991).Risky Business: Rock in Film,p.111-12. Transaction.ISBN9781412833370.
  6. ^Stearns, Jean and Stearns, Marshall Winslow (1968).Jazz Dance,p. 20. Da Capo.ISBN9780306805530.
  7. ^Nathan Bush, Review ofTwist It Babe: 1931–1940,Allmusic.com.Retrieved November 20, 2017
  8. ^"Top 40 Hits – 1930–1998".[1]
  9. ^"PRODUCERS RUSH NOVIES ON TWIST".New York Times.January 6, 1962.ProQuest115817444.
  10. ^John Griffin, "Ron Mann is film-maker with a Twist".Montreal Gazette,October 17, 1992.
  11. ^"Twisted thinking: Government Debt-Managers May be Undermining Quantitative Easing".The Economist.March 31, 2011. Retrieved April 10, 2011.
  12. ^"Fed will revive Operation Twist in hope of stimulating recovery".Los Angeles Times.September 21, 2011. Retrieved September 24, 2011.

Further reading

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toTwist (dance).
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