twm

For other uses, seeTwm (disambiguation).

twm

TWM with a classic maroon color scheme, running inDebian
Original author(s)	Tom LaStrange
Initial release	1987
Stable release	1.0.12 / 2 April 2022
Repository	gitlab.freedesktop.org/xorg/app/twm
Written in	C
Type	Window manager
License	MIT-open-group MIT-CMU XFree86-1.0

twm(Tab Window Manager)is awindow managerfor theX Window System.Started in 1987 by Tom LaStrange, it has been the standard window manager for the X Window System since version X11R4. The name originally stood forTom's Window Manager,but the software was renamed Tab Window Manager by theX Consortiumwhen they adopted it in 1989. twm is astacking window managerthat provides title bars, shaped windows and icon management. It is highly configurable and extensible.

twm was a breakthrough achievement in the early years, but has been superseded by other window managers, which unlike twm, use awidget toolkitrather than a combination of theX Toolkit IntrinsicsandXRandR.

Various other window managers—such asvtwm,tvtwm,CTWM,andFVWM—were built on twm'ssource code.

twm is still standard withX.Org Server,and is available as part of manyX Window Systemimplementations.

Usage

twm withxcalcandxterm,the xterm window being infocus.xclockis iconified.

twm menu

Twm Xsession running onDebian7Linux

twm's interface is different from modern common X window managers anddesktop environmentsmany of which tend to work similarly to theApple MacintoshorMicrosoft Windows.New users often find twm difficult without reading themanualpage.

In the default configuration of twm, the title bar has two buttons:

• Resize button(nested squares): the user clicks here, drags the mouse pointer to the edge to be moved, then releases when the window is the desired size.
• Iconify button(circle): reduces the window to an icon.

There is no title bar button to close a window. A left click on the desktop brings up a menu, which includes an option to delete (close) a window. Window close functionality for the titlebar can be configured in the.twmrcfile:

SeeClosing program windows in twmat Wikibooks.

Aleft clickon the title bar brings the window to the top of the window stack; amiddle clickmoves the window; aright clicksends the window to the bottom of the window stack.

Windowfocusfollows themousepointer (point-to-focus), rather than being on whichever window was clicked last (click-to-focus).

When a new window is created, a 3×3 grid is displayed following the mouse pointer, waiting for the user to click where the window should appear — left-click to appear in that position with that size, middle-click to resize the window before its creation, right-click to appear at that position but long enough vertically to reach the bottom of the screen.

Note that any of the above may be changed with appropriate changes to the configuration file. (The system file is typically/etc/X11/twm/system.twmrcand the user file is typically~/.twmrc.)

History

twm was written as a replacement for theuwmby Tom LaStrange while he was working atEvans & Sutherland,which was part of the X Consortium: "I sat down at my monochromeSun 3/50and typedvitwm.cand then opened the X11 documentation. twm was my first X program. About six months later, I convinced my manager to let me send a copy to the comp.windows.x newsgroup for testing. "A version for X11R1 was published on theUsenetnewsgroupcomp.unix.sourceson June 13, 1988

Months later, Jim Fulton of the X Consortium (which was at the time part ofMIT) approached Evans and Sutherland and asked them to turn over the code maintenance to theX Consortiumand Fulton then made it compliant with the nascentInter-Client Communication Conventions Manual.Subsequently, twm was released as the standard sample window manager for X11R4, replacinguwm.

According to Fulton, the word "tab" was picked because it conveniently started with 'T' and it put the emphasis on the squeezing feature window title bars, which made them look like folders with tabs.

Authors

twm was originally written by Tom LaStrange. Later contributors include Jim Fulton,Keith Packardand Dave Sternlicht, all of whom were employees of the X Consortium.

External links

• Tab Window Manager(xwinman)
• An Overview of twm (Tom's Window Manager)(PDF) — Tom LaStrange, Xhibition '89 Conference Proceedings — concerning pre-ICCCM versions of twm
• From the Desktop: Tom LaStrange Speaks!: Talking with a Man Named Tom(Brian Proffitt,LinuxPlanet,Tuesday 6 February 2001)