Tycroes

For the settlement on Anglesey, seeTŷ Croes.

Tycroes Welsh:Tŷ-croes
Tycroes Location withinCarmarthenshire
Population	2,438 (2011 census)
OS grid reference	SN608107
Community	Llanedi
Principal area	Carmarthenshire
Preserved county	Dyfed
Country	Wales
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	Ammanford
Postcode district	SA18
Dialling code	01269
Police	Dyfed-Powys
Fire	Mid and West Wales
Ambulance	Welsh
UK Parliament	Llanelli
Senedd Cymru – Welsh Parliament	Llanelli

Tycroes(Welsh:Tŷ-croes) is a village inCarmarthenshire,Wales. As measured in the2011 Census,the population of Tycroeselectoral wardwas 2,438 persons (50.5% male, 49.5% female).

At the 2011 Census all the population was counted inLlanedicommunity. The built-up area with Capel Hendre had a population of 3,752.

The village forms the westernmost fringe of theAmmanvalley and rests mainly on theanthracitecoal measures,part of theSouth Wales coalfield.It straddles theA483SwanseatoManchesterTrunk roadand has alinear villagestructure, having developed substantially along roads which meet at the centre of the village. The trunk road is in the main artery from north to south of the country and is connected to theM4 motorwaynetwork which affords transportation frommainland Europeto Ireland. The rail link at nearbyPantyffynnoncontributes a daily service to Swansea,LlanelliandShrewsbury.

Topographically,the village slopes in a general south west to north east direction thus affording panoramic views of theBlack Mountainin the east with its peaks - Tair Cairn 482 m, Garreg Lwyd 616 m and behind themFan Hir802 m. To the south there are views fromBetws Mountainto Mynydd y Gwair aboveGarnswllt.To the north there is the limestone ridge fromLlandybieto Upper Tumble.

The Fferws brook which flows from the west to the east divides the local authority administrative areas between Llanedi and Llandybie Community Councils. The name Fferws is possibly derived from the fact that the river flows over mineral rocks which containiron ore(ferrous being the chemical name for iron). Others say it derives from a delightful house that once stood on its banks - "fairhouse".

History

Pre-nineteenth century the area was sparsely populated owing to the agricultural land being poor of quality. The best land was found to be along the banks of theRiver Loughorwhere two properties of notable character stood.

The first isPlas Mawralso known Plas Llanedy and Cwrt y Ceidrim. The main portion of the house dates from the 16th century. This was the seat of the Penry family and their descendants, Jones. William Penry and his son Henry were High Sheriffs in 1736 and 1756 respectively. The Penry family descended from Bleddyn ap Maenarch and were at Cwrt y Ceidrim in theElizabethan era.

In 1876, Plas Mawr Estate nearly 850 acres (3.4 km²) was offered for sale. Later the Buckley family acquired it and in 1921 they offered for sale the freehold farm 129 acres (0.52 km²).

A field belonging to the farm was called Ynys y Capel and, according to tradition, a chapel had once stood there; another tradition states that a 'tunnel' connected the mansion toCarreg Cennen Castle.It is also rumoured thatOliver Cromwellrested there during his campaign in the principality during theSecond English Civil Warin Wales.

Today Plas Mawr has now been restored and is the family home of the Wiley and Waters family.

The other property is Erw Wasted located three-quarters of a mile from Plas Mawr. This was the home of the Price family from the 17th century. Francis Price was the High Sheriff in 1723. Later in the 18th century the price family moved to Plas Newydd in Llanedy.

The villageowes its existenceto the development of thecoal miningindustry during the 19th century. A few shallow shafts and drift was constructed to the rear of Bethesda Chapel at Mynydd Bach. Mynydd Bach was the former name for the village or hamlet. A tramway ran from the mine along Pontardulais road, part of Tycroes road and Heol Brown to the Brown Colliery at Waun y Wernos beyond Heol Brown and then to the sidings of the old Wernos Colliery.

Theplacename"Tycroes" is derived from the cottage or house (Ty) that stood at the crossroads, which is now the village square. In 1900 the village consisted of less than 100 homes but today there are about 800. The population at the turn of the century was approximately 400 and today is 2,122.

Since 1965 and especially during the house building boom of the early 70s, housing development erupted spreading its wings in all directions and this changed the face of the village. Frontage development took place along the existing roads and private housing estates at Penygarn Road, Pontardulais Road and the lower end of Tycroes Road. This trend reflects Tycroes's attractive situation.

The Brynhafod area reminds us of the connection withCanada.A Canadianmaple treegrows at the bottom of the garden of 'Fernhill' (on Ammanford Road) where in previous years the Parry family once lived and some members of the family emigrated to Canada at the beginning of the 20th century and became a prominent family inHamilton City,Ontario.

Mining is no longer a major source of employment. Local employment opportunities are varied and limited but is improving with the continued extension of factory units at nearby Capel Hendre and Cross Hands Industrial estates.

Education

From 1863 till 1904,primary educationwas provided at the local Church School, which is today used as the Church Hall. In 1904 the present county Primary School was built and was then known as the Board school. It is now known as Ysgol Tycroes, it is a mixed gender school, and only teaches in English, though Welsh is taught in the curriculum and spoken widely.

Places of worship

There were noplaces of worshipin the village pre-1870 and people had to walk either to St. Edith's Church in Llanedi or the chapels in Ammanford (then known as Cross Inn) or to Capel Hendre and Saron. It was in 1876 that the first chapels were built; Moriah (Congregational) was the 'daughter' of Christian Temple Ammanford and Caersalem (Calvinistic Methodist) was the 'daughter' of Capel Hendre. Then at the earlier part of this century Bethesda (Baptist) was built in 1913 and building work commenced at St. Edmund's Church on 29 January 1914. Later in 1932 the Neuadd Efengylu, locally known as the Mission Hall or Gospel Hall, was opened.

Notable people

• Hugh Lloyd-Davies(1926–1986), a Welsh rugby union and professional rugby league footballer
• Alan Watkins(1933–2010), a British political columnist for over 50 years
• Adam Price(born 1968), politician, Leader ofPlaid Cymrusince 2018, brought up in Tycroes
• Aled Pugh(born May 1979), a Welsh actor, brought up in Tycroes

Governance

Aseparate electoral wardin the same name still exists. The population of this ward at the 2011 Census was 2,438.

Facilities

There are good facilities available at thevillage hall,church hall, and the Scout's hall for the social, cultural, community events and other functions. The Senior Citizens Association, St. Johns Ambulance Brigade, Local Charities Committee, Ysgol Feithrin are some of the institutions which are accommodated at these halls, not forgetting the Mobile Library which visits every Thursday between 9:30-12:30 at Pant y boblen car park. The village hall was originally built as aBilliardshall. It was later sold to the 'Urdd Gobaith Cymru' who later sold it to the Miners Welfare Association - and is today the village hall.

Therugby unionclub at Penygarn Road provides good recreational facilities for both children, youth and senior players and, over the years, has produced some fine rugby players who were honoured to represent their country. The rugby club Also provides the village with great entertainment including the now established annual music event Party on the Pitch.

Lately afootball pitchhas been provided by the County Council at Heol Brown where the public park is also located.

Party on the Pitch

Tycroes RFC is also the host of the annual family fun day and musical event Party on the Pitch. Organised and run by a volunteer committee the event hosted 3,000 people in 2010. The event has welcomed 80's star Chesney Hawkes, 60's chart toppers the Animals and Spencer Davis and X Factor finalist Lucie Jones to the village in recent years.

Party on the Pitch 2014 will be held on Saturday 7 June.

Party on the pitch 2015 and 2016 featured Craig Gallivan performing

Sources

• Carmarthenshire County Council - Tycroes stats

External links

• Photos of Tycroes and surrounding area on geograph.org.uk