Tyczyn

See also:Tyczyn, Łódź Voivodeship

Tyczyn
Wodzicki Palace
Flag Coat of arms
Tyczyn
Coordinates:49°58′N22°2′E
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Subcarpathian
County	Rzeszów
Gmina	Tyczyn
Established	1368
Town rights	1368
Government
• Mayor	Janusz Błotnicki
Area
• Total	9.67 km2(3.73 sq mi)
Population (2006)
• Total	3,299
• Density	340/km2(880/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code	36-020
Area code	+48 17
Vehicle registration	RZE
Voivodeship road
Website	http://www.tyczyn.pl

Tyczyn[ˈtɨt͡ʂɨn]is a town in southernPolandwith a population of 3,353 inhabitants(02.06.2009).It is located in theRzeszów Countyof theSubcarpathian Voivodeship.It is a suburb of the regional capitalRzeszów.

Geography

Tyczyn is located in the lowerCarpathianfoothills, about halfway between the cities ofKrakówto the west andLviv(Lwów) to the east. The center of town is on top of a hill surrounded by numerous farming villages. To the north of town is theStrug River.

History

BaroqueChurch of the Assumption and Saint Catherine

In 1368, KingCasimir III of Polandgranted Bartold Tyczner, a merchant fromMoravia,a part of the former royal forest to establish a town.Possibly in the late 14th century, it became aprivate townof the Pilecki family.TheJewsmigrated into the area during the 15th and 16th centuries.

The town grew and dominated the area until the mid-17th century when it was destroyed first by aTatarand later by aCossackinvasion. Following thePartitions of Poland,during the years 1792 to 1918 Tyczyn was part of theAustrian Partitionof Poland. During those years the area of Tyczyn came under administrative control ofRzeszów,a larger town and a county seat, some eight miles (13 kilometres) north of Tyczyn. Weekly markets and eleven annualfairswere held in Tyczyn in the late 19th century.

Prior toWorld War II,Tyczyn had a vibrant Jewishshtetlcommunity. During the Germaninvasion of Poland,which startedWorld War II,Tyczyn was captured by the Germans on September 10, 1939.The Jewish residents faced severe restrictions, relocation from their homes to theRzeszówghetto,deportations toforced labourandconcentration camps,as well as numerous executions. In particular, there is a large mass grave for the Jewish inhabitants who were executed in the forests in the outskirts of the town. George Lucius Salton, a former resident of Tyczyn, estimates that the Nazis reduced Jewish population from approximately 2,000 people to 10 people by end of the war. According to Salton's autobiography, most of the ghetto's population, promised relocation to a large Ukrainian farm, were taken directly toBelzecwhere they were gassed in the designated gas chambers. On October 15, 1943, theGestapocarried out a massacre of fivePoles,including one woman, as punishment foraiding Jews.Today, sites within the town serve as memorials and learning centers for the Tyczyn's victims of the Holocaust.

Education

• Wyższa Szkoła Społeczno-Gospodarcza (Social-Economic High School)

Notable people

• Eliezer Schindler,Jewish poet and activist.

References

Notes