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University of Madras

Coordinates:13°3′58″N80°16′58″E/ 13.06611°N 80.28278°E/13.06611; 80.28278
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University of Madras
Coat of Arms
Other name
Cheṉṉai palkalaikalhagam
MottoDoctrina Vim Promovet Insitam(Latin)
Motto in English
"Learning Promotes Natural Talent"
TypeState university
Established5 September 1857;167 years ago(5 September 1857)
ChancellorGovernor of Tamil Nadu
Vice-ChancellorVacant
Academic staff
345[1]
Students4,819[1]
Postgraduates3,239[1]
1,099[1]
Location
Chennai
,
Tamil Nadu
,
India

13°3′58″N80°16′58″E/ 13.06611°N 80.28278°E/13.06611; 80.28278
CampusUrban
ColoursCardinal
NicknameMadras Tigers
AffiliationsUGC,NAAC,AIU,ACU
MascotTiger
Websiteunom.ac.in

TheUniversity of Madras(also known asMadras University) is apublicstate universityinChennai,Tamil Nadu,India.[2]Established in 1857, it is one of the oldest and among the most prominent universities in India, incorporated by an act of theLegislative Council of Indiaunder theBritish government.[3]

The university is the alma mater offive Presidents of India,includingA. P. J. Abdul Kalam;three Chief Justices of the Supreme Court of India;two Indian physicsNobel laureates,CV RamanandSubrahmanyan Chandrasekhar;several notable mathematicians includingSrinivasa RamanujanandAbel PrizewinnerS. R. Srinivasa Varadhan;andTuring AwardwinnerRaj Reddyamong others.[4]

The University of Madras is acollegiateresearch universityand has six campuses in the city:Chepauk,Marina,Guindy,Taramani,MaduravoyalandChetpet.It offers more than 230 courses under 87 academic departments of post-graduate teaching and research grouped under 18 schools, covering diverse areas such as sciences, social sciences, humanities, management and medicine along with 121 affiliated colleges and 53 approved research institutions. The university houses national centres for advanced research innanotechnology,[5]photonics[6]andneurotoxicity.[7]In addition, it has threeCentres of Advanced Studyinbiophysics,[8]botany[9]and theRamanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics.[10]

TheNational Assessment and Accreditation Councilhas conferred 'five star' accreditation to the university in the first cycle, and subsequently with its highest A++ grade.[11]The University of Madras has been given the status of 'university with potential for excellence (UPE)' by theUniversity Grants Commission.[12]Madras University is also recognized among the 18 universities in India having the 'Centre with Potential for Excellence in Particular Area (CPEPA)' with a focus ondrug developmentandclimate change.[13]

History

[edit]
Further information:Category:Academic institutions formerly affiliated with the University of Madras
Vice-Chancellors[14]
The Madras University Senate House and Marina Beach, 1905
Legislative Assembly session of Madras Presidency in Senate House, 1937
A 1957 postal stamp dedicated to the centenary of Madras University

The first-ever demand for higher education inMadras Presidencywas given in a public address toLord John Elphinstone,governor of Madras, signed by 70,000 residents when theGovernor-in-Councilwas contemplating "some effective and liberal measures for the establishment of an improved system of national education." This public petition, which was presented by the Advocate General Mr George Norton on 11 November 1839, pressed the need for an English college in the city of Madras. Pursuant to this, Lord Elphinstone evolved a plan for the establishment of a central collegiate institution or a ‘university.’ This university had twin departments – a high school for the cultivation of English literature, regional language, philosophy and science, and a college for instruction in the higher branches of literature, philosophy and science.[16][17]

The University Board was constituted in January 1840 with Mr George Norton as its president. This was the precursor of the presentPresidency College, Chennai.A systematic educational policy for India was formulated 14 years later byWood's despatch,which pointed out the rationale for "creating a properly articulated system of education from the primary school to the University." The dispatch recommended the establishment in the universities of professorships "for the purposes of the delivery of lectures in various branches of learning including vernacular as well as classical languages." As a result, the University of Madras, organised on the model of the University of London, was incorporated on 5 September 1857 by an act of theLegislative Council of India.[18]

The university progressed and expanded through the 19th century to span the whole ofSouth India,giving birth to universities likeMysore University(1916),Osmania University(1918),Andhra University(1926),Annamalai University(1929),Travancore University(1937) presentlyUniversity of Kerala,Sri Venkateswara University(1954),Madurai Kamaraj University(1966),Tamil Nadu Agricultural University(1971),Anna University(1978),Tamil University(1981),Bharathidasan University(1982),Bharathiar University(1982),Mother Teresa Women's University(1984),Alagappa University(1985),Dr. M.G.R. Medical University(1989),Veterinary and Animal Sciences University(1989),Manonmaniam Sundaranar University(1990),Periyar University(1997),Dr. Ambedkar Law University(1996) andThiruvalluvar University(2002).[19]

In 1912 endowments were made to the university to establish departments of Indian History, Archaeology, Comparative Philology and Indian Economics. In that year the university had 17 departments, 30 teachers, and 69 research scholars. Later the research and teaching functions of the university were encouraged by theSadler Commissionand the gains of the university were consolidated by the enactment of the Madras University Act of 1923. About this time, the territorial ambit of the Madras University encompassed fromBerhampurof Odisha in the North East,Trivandrumof Kerala in the South West,BangaloreandMangaloreof Karnataka in the West andHyderabadof Andhra Pradesh in the North.[20]

Between 1926 and 1939, the university published the comprehensiveTamil Lexicondictionary, which is the first among the dictionaries published in any Indian language.[21]

Coat of arms

[edit]
University of Madras Entrance Arch at Chepauk Campus

The description of thecoat of armsof the university, designed in 1857, is:

"Argent(silver or white)on a Mount issuant from the basement a Tiger passant proper(walking and coloured naturally),on a Chief Sable(black across the top),a Pale Or(a gold or yellow vertical strip down the centre 1/3 of the top or chief),thereon, between two Elephants heads couped of the field, a lotus flower leaved and slipped of the third, together with this mottoDoctrina Vim Promovet Insitam".

The coat of arms colours are: the base is light green, the tiger is yellow on a white background, the elephant is grey on a black background, the lotus is a white flower with olive green leaves, on a gold background. The motto scroll is edged red, with black lettering. The English translation of the motto of the University of Madras is: "Learning promotes natural talent."[22]

Campus

[edit]
Clock Tower at the Chepauk Campus of the University of Madras

The university has six campuses:Chepauk,Marina,Guindy,Taramani,ChetpetandMaduravoyal.The Chepauk campus of the university houses the administrative buildings, the historicSenate House,central library, clock tower, centenary auditorium, and several departments under arts, humanities and social science streams. The schools of oriental and Indian are located at the Marina campus. The Guindy campus incorporates the natural sciences departments while the campus at Taramani houses the school of basic medical sciences. The sports union and the botanical garden are based on Chetpet and Maduravoyal campuses respectively. The Department of Mathematics of the university is operated as theRamanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematicslocated close to the Chepauk campus.[23]The university has twoconstituent college,inNemmeliandThiruvottiyur,offerings courses in arts and science.[24]Since 1981, the university has also developed anInstitute of Distance Education,offering various academic and professional programmes approved byUniversity Grants Commissionunder the choice-based credit system (CBCS) pattern.[25]

Senate House

[edit]
The Senate House
University auditorium
Queen VictoriaStatue in Chepauk campus
See also:Senate House (University of Madras)

The University of Madras has a historical monument –Senate House– which is one of the landmarks of the city of Chennai.[26]The Senate House, the university's first building, inaugurated in the year 1879, is considered a masterpiece ofRobert Fellowes Chisholm,an architect of the 19th century, who blended the Indo-Saracenic style with Byzantine and European architectural features.[27]The university renovated the Senate House in 2006.[28]

Madras University campus
  • Interior view of the Senate House
    Interior view of the Senate House
  • Main Library building at Chepauk
    Main Library building at Chepauk
  • Statue of the A. L. Mudaliar near Senate House
    Statue of theA. L. Mudaliarnear Senate House
  • View of Clock Tower and Centenary building from Napier Bridge
    View of Clock Tower and Centenary building fromNapier Bridge
  • New Academic block of the Guindy campus
    New Academic block of the Guindy campus
  • Façade of the Marina campus
    Façade of the Marina campus

Organisation and Faculties

[edit]

Governance

[edit]

The organisational structure of Madras University consists of the Senate, the Syndicate, the Academic Council, the faculties, the Finance Committee, and the boards of studies. TheGovernor of Tamil Naduis the chancellor of the university. The vice-chancellor is the executive head of the university. The registrar of the university, who is the secretary of the Syndicate, is the custodian of all the records and chief administrator of the university. The examinations of the university is managed by Office of the Controller of Examinations.[29]

Faculties and Institutes

[edit]

University of Madras is organized into eighteen main schools, each of which comprises multiple departments and centres as below:[30]

Faculties Departments / Institutes / Chairs Campus Location
Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science Chepauk and Guindy
Chemistry
  • Department of Analytical Chemistry
  • Department of Energy
  • Department of Inorganic Chemistry
  • Department of Organic Chemistry
  • Department of Physical Chemistry
  • Department of Polymer Science
 Guindy
Physics
  • Central Instrumentation and Service Laboratory
  • Centre for Advanced Study in Crystallography and Biophysics
  • Department of Nuclear Physics
  • Department of Theoretical Physics
  • Department of Network Systems and Information Technology
  • Department of Material Science
 Guindy
Nano Science and Photonics
  • National Centre for Nanosciences and Nanotechnology
  • National Centre for Ultrafast Process
 Guindy and Taramani
Earth and Atmospheric Science
  • Department of Applied Geology
  • Department of Geography
  • Department of Geology
  • Centre for Environmental Sciences
  • Centre for Natural Hazards and Disaster Studies
  • Centre for Water Resource Management
 Guindy
Life Sciences
  • Department of Biochemistry
  • Department of Biotechnology
  • Centre for Advanced Study in Botany
  • Centre for Ocean and Coastal Studies
  • Centre for Stem Cell Research
  • Centre for Herbal Sciences
  • Department of Zoology
  • Department of Bio-informatics
 Guindy
Basic Medical Sciences
  • Department of Anatomy
  • Department of Endocrinology
  • Department of Genetics
  • Department of Medical Biochemistry
  • Department of Microbiology
  • Department of Pathology
  • Department of Pharmacology and Environmental Toxicology
  • Department of Physiology
  • National Centre for Neurotoxicity Research to Assist Drug Development
 Taramani
Economics
  • Centre for Population Studies
  • Dr. Ambedkar Centre for Economic Studies
  • Department of Econometrics
  • Department of Economics
  • Agro Economic Research Centre
 Chepauk
Philosophy and Religious Studies
  • Department of Christian Studies
  • JBAS Centre for Islamic Studies
  • Department of Jainology
  • Department of Philosophy
  • Department of Saiva Siddhanta
  • Department of Vaishnavism
  • Centre for Buddhism
 Chepauk and Marina
Historical Studies
  • Department of Ancient History and Archaeology
  • Department of Indian History
 Chepauk
Social Sciences
  • Department of Adult and Continuing Education
  • Department of Anthropology
  • Department of Criminology
  • Department of Education
  • Department of Psychology
  • Department of Sociology
  • Department of Women's Studies
  • Department of Social Work
  • Department of Counselling Psychology
  • Centre for Cyber Forensics and Information Security
  • Dr. MGR Centenary Centre for Social Development Studies
 Chepauk
Political and International Studies
  • Anna Centre for Public Affairs
  • UGC - Centre for South and Southeast Asian Studies
  • Department of Defence and Strategic Studies
  • Department of Legal Studies
  • Department of Politics and Public Administration
  • Rajiv Gandhi Chair in Contemporary Studies
 Chepauk
Information and Communication Studies
  • Department of Journalism and Communication
  • Department of Library and Information Science
 Chepauk
Fine and Performing Arts
  • Department of Indian Music
 Chepauk
English and Foreign Languages
  • Department of English
  • Department of French and other Foreign Languages
 Chepauk
Tamil and other Dravidian Languages
  • Department of Kannada
  • Department of Malayalam
  • Department of Tamil Language
  • Department of Tamil Literature
  • Department of Telugu
  • Department of Sangapalagai for Tamil Development
  • Centre for Thirukkural Research
  • Chair on Tamil Christian Literature
  • Centre for Endangered Languages
  • Centre for Research on Dravidian Movement
 Marina
Sanskrit and other Indian Languages
  • Department of Arabic, Persian and Urdu
  • Department of Hindi
  • Department of Sanskrit
 Marina
Business and Management
  • Department of Commerce
  • Department of Management Studies
  • Centre for Infrastructural Management Studies
 Chepauk
Physical Education and Sports
  • Department of Physical Education and Sports
 Chetpet

Affiliated colleges and research institutions

[edit]

The university currently has 121 affiliated colleges, with 3 approved institutions, 5 institutions for diploma and certificate courses, 15 stand alone institutions for professional education, and 53 approved research Institutions as of 2019.[31]

Further information:Category:Colleges affiliated to University of Madras

Notable colleges

[edit]
The Chapel atLoyola College

Research institutions

[edit]

Academics

[edit]

Rankings

[edit]
University rankings
Global – Overall
QSWorld[32]526 (2024)
Regional – Overall
QSAsia[33]251-269 (2023)
University rankings
General – India
NIRF(Universities) (2023)[34]50
Outlook India(Universities) (2020)[35]20
Business/Management – India
Government colleges:
Outlook India(2022)[36]20

Internationally, Madras University is ranked 526 overall and 51st global research institution in theQS World University Rankingsfor the year 2024.[37][38]In India, theNational Institutional Ranking Frameworkranked it 50th among universities in 2023.[39]It was ranked 20th in theOutlook-ICAREuniversity ranking of 2020.[40]

Madras University Library System

[edit]

The library system of the university consists of four central libraries located at its Chepauk, Marina, Guindy and Taramani campus.[41]Besides, many of the departments and centres have their own library collections. The main university library located at Chepauk was started in 1907 in theConnemara Public Library,later shifted to the existing building in 1936.S. R. Ranganathan(a mathematician) was appointed as the first librarian of the university, whose contribution in the development of the field oflibrary sciencesis noteworthy.[42]The library collection includes textbooks, reference books, journals, theses, archives of government gazettes, newsprints, magazines, photographs, rare manuscripts, with a total collection of approximately 1 million volumes, which is among the largest collection of a university library in India.[43][44]The library system also maintains a database of e-books, digital multimedia resources and subscribed to over four thousand e-journals under the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium.[45]TheGovernment of Tamil Naduoriental manuscripts library and research centre is located within the main library building at Chepauk.[46]The library is considered as the treasure house for ancient Indian knowledge. Comprises over 25,373 reference books and 72,714 Sanskrit and Tamil manuscripts written on palm leaf, copper plates, tree barks, leather etc. on subjects, like mathematics, astronomy, ayurveda, architecture, fine arts, grammar and literature.[47]The Library of theIndian Mathematical Society,started in 1907 in Pune, is now housed in the campus of theRamanujan Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics.[48]

Research

[edit]

In 2007, the university was given a special grant of₹100 croresby theMinistry of Human Resource Developmentto establish a nanotechnology research centre in commemoration of itssesqui-centenary(150th year) celebration. In 2011,University Grants Commission(UGC) selected the university for its third phase ofUniversity with Potential for Excellence (UPE)scheme, under which₹25 croreswere sanctioned for a period of five years.[49]Earlier, the university was selected for the inaugural phase of the scheme in 2001-02 along withJNU,Hyderabad University,Jadavpur UniversityandPune University.[50]TheNational Centre for Ultrafast Process (NCUFP)of the university has mobilized research grants to the tune₹7 croresthrough several funded projects including theDST,CSIR,DRDOandUGC.[51]

The Department of Crystallography and Biophysics was upgraded as aCentre of Advanced Studyin 2007 and a grant of₹2.53 croreswas given for modernising research laboratories. TheSchool of Life Sciencesof the university received a grant of₹5.24 croresby theDepartment of Biotechnology,under BUILDER (Boost to University of Interdisciplinary Life Science Departments for Education and Research) for strengthening teaching and research programmes during 2014–2019.[24]A study performed by theNISTADSon the research performance of universities in India during 1998–2008 ranked Madras University at No. 5 based on publication for that period.[52]

In addition,UGChas identified the School of Earth Sciences and Department of Zoology as theCentres of Excellenceand has allotted₹3.25 croreseach for their development.[49]In 2019,Ministry of Human Resource Developmentof Government of India granted₹50 croresto the university for upgrading its research capabilities underRashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan(RUSA) scheme.[53]

Notable alumni

[edit]
Further information:List of Madras University alumniandCategory:University of Madras alumni

The University of Madras has a strong alumni network, with its alumni taking over many prestigious positions across the world. Some of the prominent alumni include Nobel laureatesC. V. Raman[54]andS. Chandrasekhar,[55]mathematiciansSrinivasa Ramanujan[56]K. S. Chandrasekharan,andS. R. Srinivasa Varadhan,[57]leading scientists,Raja Ramanna,[58]Rajagopala Chidambaram,[59]M. Visvesvaraya,E. C. George Sudarshan,[60]G. N. Ramachandran,[61]V. S. Ramachandran[62]andAlladi Ramakrishnan[63] Former presidentsSarvepalli Radhakrishnan,V. V. Giri,Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy,R. VenkataramanandA.P.J. Abdul Kalam,politiciansChakravarthi Rajagopalachari,[64]C Subramaniam,[65]CN Annadurai,[66]andV. K. Krishna Menon,[67]civil servantsT. N. Seshan,[68]Benegal Rama Rau,[69]Y. Venugopal Reddy[70]andC. Sylendra Babu[71] Rhodes scholarsEric Prabhakar[72]andTanjore R. Anantharaman,[73]pioneersVerghese Kurien,[74]Raj Reddy[75]andM. S. Swaminathan,[76]economistK. N. Raj[77]andC. Rangarajan,[78]business personsIndra Nooyi,[79]Ram Shriram[80]andPrathap C. Reddy,[81]artists and film personalityM.G. Ramachandran,[82]K. C. S. Paniker,[83]Gemini Ganesan,[84]Mani Ratnam[85]andMahesh Babu,[86]sports starsViswanathan Anand,Vijay Amritraj,[87]Ramanathan Krishnan[88]andSrinivas 'Venkat',and politicianKuniyil Kailashnathan[89]among others.

See also

[edit]

References

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[edit]
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