V10 engine
AV10 engineis a ten-cylinderpiston enginewhere two banks of five cylinders are arranged in aV configurationaround a commoncrankshaft.V10 engines are much less common thanV8andV12 engines.Several V10 diesel engines have been produced since 1965, and V10 petrol engines for road cars were first produced in 1991 with the release of theDodge Viper.
Design
[edit]The V10 configuration does not have perfectengine balance,since an unbalancedrocking coupleis caused by eachcylinder bankfunctioning as astraight-five engine.Therefore,balance shaftsare sometimes used to reduce the vibrations in a V10 engine.[1]
Diesel engines
[edit]One of the first known V10 engines was used in the 1936Busch-Sulzer ICRR 9201prototype locomotive, of which three examples were produced in theUnited States.[2]
The 1965–1984Leopard 1armored tank was powered by theMTU MB 838 CaM 50037.4 L (2,282 cu in) V10 diesel engine.[3][4]
Daimler-Benzproduced three V10 diesel engine models (OM403, OM423 and OM443) forMercedes-Benz NGandNeoplanbuses in 1970s–1980s.
Four Japanese commercial vehicle manufacturers (Isuzu,Hino,Mitsubishi FusoandNissan Diesel) produced V10 diesel engines for their heavy duty trucks and coaches in 1970s–2000s.
The 1983–presentTatra 815truck is available with a 15.8 L (964 cu in) V10 engine.[5]
TheVolkswagen V10 TDIis a turbocharged V10 engine which was produced from 2002 to 2010 for use in theVolkswagen Phaetonluxury sedan andVolkswagen TouaregSUV.
Petrol engines
[edit]Production vehicles
[edit]
V10 engines are less common than V8 and V12 engines, a V12 is only slightly more complicated and runs more smoothly, while a V8 is less complex and more economical. Nevertheless, modern engineering has made it possible to use V10 engines for applications where a V8 would produce insufficient power and a V12 would be too complicated or bulky. V10s have been used in select luxury cars, sports cars and commercial vehicles.[1]
An early V10 petrol engine was used in the 1987Lamborghini P140,however this prototype sports car did not reach production.[6]
Dodgedeveloped an early V10, originally designing a version of itsLA series small blockfor use in trucks. The Dodge engine saw its first production use in substantially revised form in theDodge Viperwhile the truck version of the engine was used starting in 1994 in theDodge Ram.It discontinued in that application after 2003. However, 2003 also saw the introduction of theDodge Ram SRT-10,a performance model meant to rival Ford's successful V8 poweredF-150 SVT Lightning.TheViper engine(a 90-degree engine with odd firing order to obviate the need for a balance shaft) was improved during its production run, and produced as much as 477kW(640hp;649PS) in a standard state of tune from an 8.4 L version. The Viper engine was also used byBristolin the two-seatFightercoupe,and in other low-volume vehicles.
Ford also developed a heavy-duty V10 version of theirTritonengine to replace the460 big blockin truck applications. It was introduced in theE-Series/Econolinefull-sizevan,and also saw duty in theF-Series Super Dutyline and theFord ExcursionSUV, and was offered by Ford through the 2019 model year.
For theLexus LFA,the engineers selected a V10 engine over an equivalent displacement V8 because they could not get the V8 to rev as high as a V10,[7]and over a V12 for its lower reciprocating mass,[8][7]allowing for more rapid engine response.[9]
Europeanmarqueswere slower to adopt the V10 configuration. However, high-revving V10 power-plants were incorporated into supercars fromLamborghiniandPorsche.BMWandAudideveloped V10s for high performance cars such asBMW M5,BMW M6,Audi S6,Audi RS6,Audi S8andAudi R8,mostly based upon theirexecutive cars.Volkswagenalso developed a V10, but as aturbo-diesel.A variant of theVolkswagen Phaetonwas the first production sedan to contain a V10 of any kind.
Examples of petrol V10 production engines include:
- 1991–2017Dodge Viper engine
- 1994–2003Chrysler Magnum V10
- 1997–2021Ford Triton engine
- 2003–presentLamborghini V10[10]
- 2003–2007Porsche V10 engine
- 2005–2010BMW S85
- 2006–presentAudi V10 FSI[11]
- 2008–2010Audi V10 TFSI
- 2009–2012Toyota 1LR-GUE[12][13][14]
Motor racing
[edit]One of the first known V10 engines designed for motor racing was a 3.5 L (214 cu in) prototypeFormula Oneengine built byAlfa Romeoin 1986.[15]Originally intended for theLigierFormula One team, this partnership collapsed without the engine being used in any races. Alfa Romeo fitted the engine to twoAlfa Romeo 164 Pro Carprototypes in 1988, however these cars also did not compete in any races.[15]
The most widespread use of V10 racing engines has been in Formula One. Following a ban on turbocharged engines after 1988, the first V10 Formula One cars were the 1989McLaren MP4/5andWilliams FW12.V10 engines were used by the majority of teams by the1996 season,following reduction in displacement from 3.5 to 3.0 L (214 to 183 cu in). The V10 seemed the best compromise between the lower weight of a V8 and the higher power of a V12.Renault F1used a flatter 110° angle in2002and2003,but reverted to a more conventional 72° following the change in rules which dictated that an engine must last two race weekends. In a further change to the rules, V10s were banned for the2006 seasononwards in favor of 2.4 L V8s.
In sports car racing, the first V10 engine was used by thePeugeot 905in the two final races of the1990 season.This was followed by theJudd GV10 enginebeing used by several teams during the1991 seasonand theToyota TS010that debuted in the last race of the season. TheAudi R15 TDIwas aLe Mans Prototype(LMP) racing car that used a turbocharged diesel V10 engine and competed in various endurance races in 2009 and 2010. TheAudi R15 TDIset the current distance record for the2010 24 Hours of Le Mans.[16]
Commercial vehicle use
[edit]Until early 2021,Blue Bird Corporationoffered itsVision school buswith two V10 engine options, bothFord Tritonunits.[17]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ab"Engineering Explained: The Pros And Cons of Inline 5s, V10s And Rotary Engines".Car Throttle. 10 November 2014.Retrieved2 June2019.
- ^"Sulzer powered locomotives of the USA".www.derbysulzers.com.Retrieved4 February2020.
- ^"Leopard 1 Main Battle Tank".www.howstuffworks.com.19 November 2007.Retrieved4 February2020.
- ^Archived atGhostarchiveand theWayback Machine:"Mtu mb 838 cam 500 Leopard 1 engine motor".www.youtube.com.Retrieved4 February2020.
- ^Tatrman (Antonín)."1986 Tatra 815 - 1 15.8 (966 cui) V10 diesel 208 kW 103 Nm".Tatra club.Retrieved22 May2021.
- ^"The Jalpa replacements that never were – Lamborghini's P140 and Cala prototypes".www.hemmings.com.Retrieved4 February2020.
- ^ab"2012 Lexus LFA - First Drive Review - Auto Reviews".Car and Driver.Retrieved22 October2009.
- ^"2011 Lexus LF-A".Jalopnik.com. 15 April 2008.Retrieved9 October2010.
- ^"Are You Lexus Supercar Material? Lexus of Watertown Asks Savvy Car Consumers in Greater Massachusetts".PR.com. 23 November 2009.Retrieved22 February2010.
- ^"ENCOUNTER – Ten years V10".audi-encounter.com.Retrieved30 December2019.
- ^"2007 Audi S8 First Test and Review".Motor Trend.6 November 2006.Retrieved2 November2012.
- ^Sidhu, Harvinder."552hp Lexus LFA launched – all you need to know".Paultan.org.Retrieved14 December2010.
- ^"2012 Lexus LFA – First Drive Review – Auto Reviews".Car and Driver.20 October 2009. Archived fromthe originalon 24 October 2009.Retrieved22 October2009.
- ^"2011 Lexus LF-A".Jalopnik.com. 15 April 2008.Retrieved9 October2010.
- ^ab"Alfa V10 164 Pro Car".www.velocetoday.com.Retrieved27 January2020.
- ^"Flashback: Le Mans 2010 and the distance record".Audi MediaCenter.Retrieved22 May2021.
- ^"Blue Bird Vision".www.blue-bird.com.Retrieved15 November2020.