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VLC media player
Developer(s)VideoLAN
Initial releaseFebruary 1, 2001;23 years ago(2001-02-01)[1]
Stable release(s)[±]
Windows, Linux, & macOS3.0.21[2]Edit this on Wikidata/ 5 June 2024;5 months ago(5 June 2024)
Android3.5.4[3]Edit this on Wikidata/ 6 July 2023;16 months ago(6 July 2023)
ChromeOS1.7.3[4]Edit this on Wikidata/ 23 December 2015;8 years ago(23 December 2015)
iOS, Apple TV3.6.4[5]Edit this on Wikidata/ 23 August 2024;2 months ago(23 August 2024)
Windows (UWP)3.1.2 / 20 July 2018;6 years ago(2018-07-20)[6][7]
Windows Phone3.1.2 / 20 July 2018;6 years ago(2018-07-20)[8]
Repository
Written inCore:C
GUI:C++(withQt),Objective-C(withCocoa),Swift,Java
Bundled Extensions:Lua[9]
Operating systemWindows,Windows Phone,ReactOS,macOS,Linux,Android,Android TV,ChromeOS,iOS,iPadOS,tvOS,watchOS,Xbox system software
PlatformIA-32,x86-64,ARM,ARM64,MIPS,PowerPC
Available in106 languages[10]
TypeMedia player
LicenseGPL-2.0-or-laterwith some libraries underLGPL-2.1-or-later[11][12]VLC for iOS (MPLv2.0)
Websitevideolan.org/vlc

VLC media player(previously theVideoLAN Clientand commonly known as simplyVLC) is afree and open-source,portable,cross-platformmedia player softwareandstreaming mediaserverdeveloped by theVideoLANproject. VLC is available for desktopoperating systemsandmobile platforms,such asAndroid,iOSandiPadOS.VLC is also available ondigital distribution platformssuch asApple'sApp Store,Google Play,andMicrosoft Store.

VLC supports manyaudio- and video-compression-methods andfile-formats,includingDVD-Video,Video CD,and streaming-protocols.It is able to stream media overcomputer networksand cantranscodemultimedia files.[14]

The default distribution of VLC includes many free decoding and encoding libraries, avoiding the need for finding/calibrating proprietary plugins. Thelibavcodeclibrary from theFFmpegproject provides many of VLC's codecs, but the player mainly[15]uses its ownmuxersand demuxers. It also has its own protocol implementations. It also gained distinction as the first player to support playback ofencrypted DVDsonLinuxandmacOSby using thelibdvdcssDVD decryption library; however, this library is legally controversial and is not included in manysoftware repositoriesofLinux distributionsas a result.[16][17]It is available on iOS under theMPLv2.[18]

History

[edit]

The VideoLAN software originated as a French academic project in 1996. VLC used to stand for "VideoLAN Client" when VLC was a client of the VideoLAN project. Since VLC is no longer merely a client, thatinitialismno longer applies.[19][20]It was intended to consist of a client and server[21]to stream videos from satellite dishes across a campus network. Originally developed by students at theÉcole Centrale Paris,it is now developed by contributors worldwide and is coordinated byVideoLAN,anon-profitorganization. Rewritten from scratch in 1998, it was released underGNU General Public Licenseon February 1, 2001, with authorization from the headmaster of theÉcole Centrale Paris.The functionality of the server-program,VideoLan Server(VLS), has mostly been subsumed into VLC and has been deprecated.[22]The project name has been changed toVLC media playerbecause there is no longer a client/server infrastructure.

The cone icon used in VLC is a reference to thetraffic conescollected by École Centrale's Networking Students' Association.[23]The cone icon design was changed from a hand drawn low resolution icon to a higher resolutionCGI-rendered version in 2005, illustrated by Richard Øiestad.[citation needed]

In 2007 the VLC project decided, forlicense compatibilityreasons, not to upgrade to the just-releasedGPLv3.[24]After 13 years of development, version 1.0.0 of VLC media player was released on July 7, 2009.[25]Work began on VLC forAndroidin 2010 and it has been available for Android devices on theGoogle Playstore since 2011.[26][27]In September 2010, a company named "Applidium" developed a VLC port foriOSunder GPLv2 with the endorsement of the VLC project, which was accepted by Apple for their App Store.[28][29]In January 2011, after VLC developer Rémi Denis-Courmont's complaint to Apple about thelicensing conflictbetween the VLC's GPLv2 and the App store's policies,[30]the VLC had been withdrawn from theApple App Storeby Apple.[31]Subsequently, in October 2011 the VLC authors began torelicensethe engine parts of VLC from theGPL-2.0-or-laterto theLGPL-2.1-or-laterto achieve betterlicense compatibility,for instance with the Apple App Store.[32][33][34][35]In July 2013 the VLC application could be resubmitted to theiOS App Storeunder theMPL-2.0.[36]Version 2.0.0 of VLC media player was released on February 18, 2012.[12][37]The version for theWindows Storewas released on March 13, 2014. Support forWindows RT,Windows PhoneandXbox Onewere added later.[38]As of 2016VLC is the third in thesourceforge.netoverall download count,[39]and there have been more than 3 billion downloads.[40]

Version 3.0 was in development for Windows, Linux and macOS since June 2016[41]and released in February 2018.[42]It contains many new features includingChromecastoutput support (except subtitles[43]),hardware-accelerateddecoding enabled by default,4Kand8Kplayback, 10-bit andHDR playback,360° videoand 3D audio, audio passthrough for HD audio codecs,BD-Jmenu support, and local network drive browsing.

In December 2017 theEuropean Parliamentapproved a budget that funds abug bounty programfor VLC to improve the EU's IT infrastructure.[44]

Release-history

[edit]

Starting with version 1.1.0, VLC release codenames refer to characters fromTerry Pratchett'sDiscworldnovels; an exception is release 2.2.1, which came out shortly after Pratchett's death on March 12, 2015, and which was codenamedTerry Pratchettin honor of the author himself.

Version[45] Codename[46] Release date
1.0.0 Goldeneye 2009-07-07
1.0.1 2009-07-28
1.0.2 2009-09-22
1.0.3 2009-10-31
1.0.4 2009-12-10
1.0.5 2010-01-31
1.0.6 2010-04-21
1.1.0 The Luggage 2010-06-22
1.1.1 2010-07-21
1.1.2 2010-07-29
1.1.3 2010-08-18
1.1.4 2010-08-27
1.1.5 2010-11-13
1.1.6 2011-01-23
1.1.7 2011-02-01
1.1.8 2011-03-23
1.1.9 2011-04-12
1.1.10 2011-06-06
1.1.11 2011-07-15
1.1.12 2011-10-06
1.1.13 2011-12-20
2.0.0 Twoflower 2012-02-18
2.0.1 2012-03-19
2.0.2 2012-07-01
2.0.3 2012-07-19
2.0.4 2012-10-18
2.0.5 2012-12-15
2.0.6 2013-04-11
2.0.7 2013-06-10
2.0.8 2013-07-29
2.0.9 2013-11-05
2.0.10 2014-02-21
2.1.0 Rincewind 2013-09-26
2.1.1 2013-11-14
2.1.2 2013-12-10
2.1.3 2014-02-04
2.1.4 2014-02-21
2.1.5 2014-07-26
2.2.0 Weatherwax 2015-02-27
2.2.1 Terry Pratchett 2015-04-16
2.2.2 Weatherwax 2016-02-06
2.2.3 2016-05-03
2.2.4 2016-06-05
2.2.5.1 2017-05-12
2.2.6 2017-05-24
2.2.7 2017-11-21
2.2.8 2017-12-05
3.0.0 Vetinari 2018-02-09
3.0.1 2018-02-28
3.0.2 2018-04-23
3.0.3 2018-05-29
3.0.4 2018-08-31
3.0.5 2018-12-27
3.0.6 2019-01-10
3.0.7 2019-06-07
3.0.8 2019-08-19
3.0.10 2020-04-28
3.0.11 2020-06-16
3.0.11.1 2020-07-29
3.0.12 2021-01-18
3.0.13 2021-05-10
3.0.14 2021-05-11
3.0.16 2021-06-21
3.0.17 2022-04-19
3.0.18 2022-11-29
3.0.19 2023-09-30
3.0.20 2023-11-01
4.0.x Otto Chriek

Design principles

[edit]

Modular design

[edit]

VLC, like mostmultimedia frameworks,has a verymodulardesign which makes it easier to include modules/plugins for new file formats, codecs, interfaces, or streaming methods. VLC 1.0.0 has more than 380 modules.[47]The VLC core creates its own graph of modules dynamically, depending on the situation: input protocol, input file format, input codec, video card capabilities and other parameters. In VLC, almost everything is a module, like interfaces, video and audio outputs, controls, scalers, codecs, and audio/video filters.

Interfaces

[edit]
Keyboard map (basic)

The defaultGUIis based onBe APIonBeOS,Cocoafor macOS, andQt 5for Linux and Windows, but all give a similar standard interface. The old defaultGUIwas based onwxWidgetson Linux and Windows.[48]VLC supports highly customizableskinsthrough the skins2 interface,[49]and also supportsWinamp2 andXMMSskins.[50]Skins are not supported in the macOS version.[51]VLC hasncurses,[52]remote control,[53]andtelnet[54]consoleinterfaces. There is also anHTTP[55]interface, as well as interfaces for mouse gestures and keyboardhotkeys.[56]

Features

[edit]

Effects (desktop version)

[edit]

The desktop version of VLC media player has some filters that can distort, rotate, split,deinterlace,and mirror videos as well as create display walls or add a logo overlay during playback. It can also output video asASCII art.

An interactive zoom feature allows magnifying into video during playback.[57]Still images can be extracted from video at original resolution,[58]and individual frames can be stepped through, although only in forward direction.[59]

Playback can be gamified by splitting the picture inside the viewport into draggablepuzzlepieces, where the row and column count can be set as desired.[60]

For audio playback, this feature includes an equalizer and other filters that help customize sound quality.

Formats

[edit]

Because VLC is apacket-basedmedia player it plays almost all video content. Even some damaged, incomplete, or unfinished files can be played, such as those still downloading via apeer-to-peer(P2P) network. It also plays m2tMPEG transport streams(.TS) files while they are still being digitized from anHDVcamera via aFireWirecable, making it possible to monitor the video as it is being recorded. The player can also use libcdio to access.isofiles so that users can play files on adisk image,even if the user's operating system cannot work directly with.iso images.

VLC supports all audio and video formats supported bylibavcodecand libavformat. This means that VLC can play backH.264orMPEG-4 Part 2video as well as supportFLVorMXFfile formats "out of the box" using FFmpeg's libraries. Alternatively, VLC has modules for codecs that are not based on FFmpeg's libraries. VLC is one of thefree softwareDVD players that ignoreDVD region codingonRPC-1firmware drives, making it aregion-free player.However, it does not do the same onRPC-2firmware drives, as in these cases the region coding is enforced by the drive itself, however, it can stillbrute-forcetheCSSencryption to play a foreign-region DVD on an RPC-2 drive.

VLC media player can playhigh-definitionrecordings ofD-VHStapes duplicated to a computer usingCapDVHS.exe.This offers another way to archive all D-VHS tapes with the DRM copy freely tag. Using aFireWireconnection from cable boxes to computers, VLC can stream live, unencrypted content to a monitor or HDTV. VLC media player can display the playing video as thedesktop wallpaper,likeWindows DreamScene,by usingDirectX,only available on Windows operating systems. VLC media player can record the desktop and save the stream as a file, allowing the user to createscreencasts.[61][62][63]On Microsoft Windows, VLC also supports the Direct Media Object (DMO) framework and can thus make use of some third-partyDLLs(Dynamic-link library). On most platforms, VLC can tune into and view DVB-C, DVB-T, and DVB-S channels. On macOS the separate EyeTV plugin is required, on Windows it requires the card's BDA Drivers.

VLC can be installed or run directly from aUSB flash driveor other external drive. VLC can be extended through scripting; it uses theLuascripting language.[64][65]VLC can play videos in theAVCHDformat, a highly compressed format used in recentHDcamcorders. VLC can generate a number ofmusic visualizationdisplays. The program is able to convert media files into various supported formats.[66]

Both desktop and mobile releases are equipped with anaudio equalizer.[67]

[edit]

A red Santa hat appears on top of VLC's traffic-cone logo during Christmas seasons.[68]

Keyboard shortcuts

[edit]

There are single-button shortcuts in VLC that don't require Ctrl or Alt button.

For example, pressing keys F and G while a video file is running in VLC shifts the file's audio/video sync for 50 millisecond per adjustment.[69]This is useful to fix an issue with the sound being ahead or lagging behind the video.

Operating system compatibility

[edit]

VLC media player iscross-platform,with versions forWindows,macOS,Linux,iOS,Android,tvOS,ChromeOS,Windows Phone,variousBSD-basedsystems,Solaris,BeOS,OS/2,andSyllable.[70]However, forward and backward compatibility between versions of VLC media player and different versions of OSes are not maintained over more than a few generations.[71]64-bitbuilds are available for 64-bit Windows, starting with version 2.0.1.[72][73]

Windows 8 and 10 support

[edit]

The VLC port forWindows 8andWindows 10is backed by acrowdfundingcampaign onKickstarterto add support for a new GUI based on Microsoft'sMetro design language,that will run on theWindows Runtime.All the existing features including video filters, subtitle support, and an equalizer are present in Windows 8.[74]A beta version of VLC for Windows 8 was released to theMicrosoft Storeon March 13, 2014.[75]Auniversal appwas created for Windows 8, 8.1, 10, Windows Phone 8, 8.1 and Windows 10 Mobile.

Android support

[edit]
VLC media player on Android

In May 2012, the VLC team stated that a version of VLC forAndroidwas being developed.[76]The stable release version 1.0 was made available onGoogle Playon December 8, 2014.[77]

Use of VLC with other programs

[edit]

Bindings

[edit]
libVLC
Developer(s)VideoLANProject
Initial releaseFebruary 1, 2001
Stable release
3.0.10[78]
Repository
Written inC
TypeMultimediaLibrary
LicenseLGPL-2.1-or-later
Websitewiki.videolan.org/LibVLC

SeveralAPIscan connect to VLC and use its functionality:

Applications that use libVLC

[edit]

VLC can handle some incomplete files and in some cases can be used to preview files being downloaded. Several programs make use of this, including eMule andKCeasy.The free/open-source Internet television applicationMiroalso uses VLC code.HandBrake,an open-source video encoder, used to loadlibdvdcssfrom VLC Media Player.[91]Easy Subtitles Synchronizer, afreewaresubtitle editing program for Windows, uses VLC to preview the video with the edited subtitles.[92]

Format support

[edit]

Input formats

[edit]

VLC can read many formats, depending on theoperating systemit is running on, including:[93]

Output formats

[edit]

VLC cantranscodeorstreamaudio and video into several formats depending on the operating system, including:

Legality

[edit]

The VLC media player software installers for the macOS platform and the Windows platform include thelibdvdcss DVD decryption library,even though this library may be legally restricted in certain jurisdictions.[97][98]

India

[edit]

In May 2022, it was reported byMediaNamathat VLC was banned in India and its website was inaccessible from India under the provisions of theInformation Technology Act, 2000.[99]Neither the developers, nor the Indian government offered any explanation to the ban, according toIndia Today.The official VideoLAN Twitter account stated in August that the website was blocked in India from 13 February 2022.[100]A report byHindustan Timesindicated that the ban could be due to links with China.[101]India had in 2020 banned over 200 Chinese apps following the2020–2022 China–India skirmishes.Another Hindustan Times report from April quotingSymantecsaid that Chinese hackers were depending on VLC to launch malware they had previously installed on Windows machines.[102]The technique they used is called DLL side-loading, in which an external library that a legitimate program loads at runtime is substituted with a modified version containing the malware.[103]VideoLan president and lead developerJean-Baptiste Kempfsaid, the block was most likely a result of a misunderstanding of the Chinese security issue, although the Indian Government did not provide for a reason as to why it was blocked.[104]In October 2022, VLC, with assistance from the Indian digital rights organizationInternet Freedom Foundationsent a legal notice to the Indian Government, following which, in November 2022, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Government of India decided to remove the ban from the VLC website.[105]

United States

[edit]

The VLC media player software is able to read audio and video data from DVDs that incorporateContent Scramble System(CSS) encryption, even though the VLC media player software lacks a CSS decryption license.[106]The unauthorized decryption of CSS-encrypted DVD content or unauthorized distribution of CSS decryption tools may violate the USDigital Millennium Copyright Act.[106]Decryption of CSS-encrypted DVD content has been temporarily authorized for certain purposes (such asdocumentary filmmakingthat uses short portions of DVD content for criticism or commentary) under the Digital Millennium Copyright Actanticircumvention exemptionsthat were issued by theUS Copyright Officein 2010.[107]However, these exemptions do not change the DMCA's ban on the distribution of CSS decryption tools; including those distributed with VLC.[108]

See also

[edit]

Explanatory notes

[edit]
  1. ^abUntil VLC 1.1.0, to use AMR as audio codec, VLC and FFmpeg had to be compiled with AMR support. This is because the AMR license is not compatible with the VLC license.
  2. ^This feature needssound fontsand might not work on every OS.
  3. ^RealAudio playback is provided through the FFmpeg library which only supports the Cook (RealAudio G2 / RealAudio 8) decoder at the moment.[when?]
  4. ^As of 2010,only supported in mono and stereo, so no multichannel support.
  5. ^abcdThis is present in 0.9.0 and newer version.
  6. ^Indeo 4 and 5 codecs are not supported.
  7. ^From 0.9.9 and over.
  8. ^abcdeThis is from the 0.8.6 version.
  9. ^VLC must be compiled with mp3lame support.

References

[edit]
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