Valley Yokuts
Appearance
Valley Yokuts | |
---|---|
Region | San Joaquin Valley,California |
Ethnicity | Yokuts |
Native speakers | unknown (2007)[1] 20–25 fluent and semi-speakers[1] |
Dialects | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | (included inYokuts[yok]) |
Glottolog | vall1251 |
Historical distribution with dialects |
Valley Yokutsis adialect clusterof theYokutsanlanguage family of California.
Chukchansi,which is still spoken natively, has language classes and a preschool for children. It is also taught at a local elementary school. Though there are no longer any native speakers,Tachihas a Headstart language program.
Varieties
[edit]Valley Yokuts is sometimes considered three languages.[2]
- Yachikumne (a.k.a. Chulamni)
- Chalostaca
- Lakisamni
- Tawalimni
- Nopṭinṭe
- Chawchila
- Chukchansi
- Kechayi
- Dumna
Of these,Yawelmani/jɑːwɛlˈmɑːni/,[3]also known asYowlumni,is the best known. See alsoChukchansi dialect.
Grammar
[edit]This sectionneeds expansion.You can help byadding to it.(May 2008) |
- deeyi'to lead'
- deeyen'he will lead'
- deyhin'he led'
- diyhatinhin'he wanted to lead'
- diyee’iy'place where one got the lead' (subjective)
- diyaa’an'he is leading'
- deydiyen'he will lead repeatedly'
- diyidyiisaahin ’anam'they led each other repeatedly'
- diyeediyic’'one who is leading repeatedly' (subjective)
- deyday'act of leading repeatedly' (subjective)
- ’ɔɔṭ’hun'he stole' -’ɔɔṭ’uṭ’hun'he stole often'
- ’ɔɔṭ’al'he might steal' -’ɔɔṭ’uṭ’al'he might steal often'
Bibliography
[edit]- Archangeli, Diana B. (1985).Extrametricalityin Yawelmani.Linguistic review,4(2), 101–120.
- Archangeli, Diana B. (1986). Yokuts harmony: Evidence for coplanar representation in nonlinear phonology.Linguistic inquiry,16,335–372.
- Archangeli, Diana B. (1988).Underspecification in Yawelmani phonology and morphology.Outstanding dissertations in linguistics. New York: Garland Pub.ISBN0-8240-5175-0.(Revision of 1984 doctoral dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology).
- Archangeli, Diana B. (1991). Syllabification and prosodic templates in Yawelmani.Natural Language and Linguistic Theory9, 231–283.
- Gamble, Geoffrey. (1975). Consonant symbolism in Yokuts.International Journal of American Linguistics,41,306–309.
- Harris, Zellig. (1944). Yokuts structure and Newman's grammar.International Journal of American Linguistics,10,196–211.
- Hockett, Charles. (1967). The Yawelmani basic verb.Language,26,278–282.
- Hockett, Charles. (1973). Yokuts as a testing ground for linguistic methods.International Journal of American Linguistics,39,63–79.
- Hymes, Dell H. (1964).Language in culture and society: A reader in linguistics and anthropology.New York: Harper & Row.
- Kuroda, S.-Y.(1967).Yawelmani phonology.Special technical report (No. 15); M.I.T. research monograph series (No. 43). Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Research Laboratory of Electronics.
- Kroeber, Alfred L. (1906). The Yokuts and Yuki languages. In B. Laufer & H. A. Andrews (Eds.),Boas anniversary volume(pp. 64–79). New York: G.E. Stechert & Co. (Reprinted as separate book 1906).
- Kroeber, Alfred L. (1906).The Yokuts and Yuki languages.New York: Stechert. (Originally in Laufer & Andrews 1906).
- Kroeber, Alfred L. (1907). The Yokuts language of south central California. University of California publications in American archaeology and ethnology (Vol. 2, pp. 165–377).
- Laufer, Berthold,; & Andrews, H. A. (Eds.). (1906).Boas anniversary volume: Anthropological papers written in honor of Franz Boas.New York: G.E. Stechert & Co.
- Newman, Stanley S. (1932). The Yawelmani dialect of Yokuts.International Journal of American Linguistics,7,85–89.
- Newman, Stanley S. (1940). Linguistic aspects of Yokuts style.Anthropological Record,5(1), 4–15. (Reprinted in Hymes 1964).
- Newman, Stanley S. (1944).Yokuts language of California.Viking Fund publications in anthropology (No. 2). New York: Viking Fund. (Reprinted 1963 & 1968, New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.).
- Newman, Stanley S. (1946). The Yawelmani dialect of Yokuts. In C. Osgood & H. Hoijer (Eds.),Linguistic structures of native America(pp. 222–248). New York: The Viking Fund.
- Newman, Stanley S. (1964). Linguistic aspects of Yokuts style. In D. H. Hymes,Language in culture and society.New York: Harper & Row. (Originally published as Newman 1940).
- Newman, Stanley S. (1966). Word classes in Yokuts.Lingua,17,182–199.
- Noske, Roland. (1985). Syllabification and Syllable Changing Processes in Yawelmani. InHarry van der Hulst& Norval S.H. Smith (Eds.),Advances in Nonlinear Phonology,Dordrecht: Foris, 335–361.
- Noske, Roland. (1993).A Theory of Syllabification and Segmental Alternation. With studies on the phonology of French, German, Tonkawa and Yawelmani.Tübingen: Niemeyer.
- Osgood, Cornelius; & Hoijer, Harry (Eds.). (1946).Linguistic structures of native America.Viking fund publications in anthropology (No. 6). New York: The Viking Fund. (Reprinted 1963, 1965, 1967, & 1971, New York: Johnson Reprint Corp.).
- Pullum, Geoffrey.(1973). Yokuts bibliography: An addendum.International Journal of American Linguistics,39,269–271.
- Steriade, Donca.(1986). Yokuts and the vowel plane.Linguistic inquiry,17,129–146.
References
[edit]- ^abGolla 2007.
- ^Northern Valley is sometimes called "Northern Foothill". However, in Gamble's 1988 classification,Foothill Yokutsis a cover term for Gashowu–Kings River, Tule-Kaweah, and Buena Vista Yokuts.
- ^Laurie Bauer, 2007,The Linguistics Student’s Handbook,Edinburgh