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Virgil Finlay

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For the 1971 collection of this artist's work, seeVirgil Finlay (book).

Virgil Finlay
Virgil Finlay sitting, facing left, holding a cigarette
Finlay in December 1952
Born(1914-07-23)July 23, 1914
Rochester, New York,United States
DiedJanuary 18, 1971(1971-01-18)(aged 56)
Westbury, New York,United States[1]
Known forIllustration
Awards

Virgil Finlay(July 23, 1914 – January 18, 1971) was an Americanpulpfantasy,science fictionandhorrorillustrator. He has been called "part of the pulp magazine history... one of the foremost contributors of original and imaginative art work for the most memorable science fiction and fantasy publications of our time."[2]While he worked in a range of media, fromgouacheto oils, Finlay specialized in, and became famous for, detailed pen-and-ink drawings accomplished with abundantstippling,cross-hatching,andscratchboardtechniques. Despite the very labor-intensive and time-consuming nature of his specialty, Finlay created more than 2600 works of graphic art in his 35-year career.[3]

TheScience Fiction Hall of Fameinducted Finlay in 2012.[4]

Biography[edit]

Virgil Warden Finlay was born July 23, 1914, inRochester, New York.[5]His father, woodworker Warden Hugh Finlay, died at age 40 in the midst of theGreat Depression,leaving his family (widow Ruby and two children) in straitened circumstances. By his high school years, Virgil Finlay was exercising his passions for art and poetry, and discovered his lifelong subject matter in thepulp magazinesof the era—science fiction inAmazing Stories(1927), fantasy and horror inWeird Tales(1928)—and began to exhibit at the age of 16. By age 21 he was confident enough in his art to send six pieces, unsolicited, to editorFarnsworth WrightatWeird Tales,who determined that such detailed work would transfer successfully to relatively rough paper the magazine used (pulp magazineswere so described because of their paper quality). Wright began buying Finlay's work, which debuted with illustrations of three different stories in the December 1935 issue[6]and appeared in 62 issues including the last in September 1954. He also created 19 color covers forWeird Talesnumbers from February 1937 to March 1953.[7]

H. P. Lovecraft as an eighteenth-century gentleman
Finlay's illustration of H. P. Lovecraft as an eighteenth-century gentleman, 1937

Finlay quickly branched out to other publications after his 1935 debut; he was an immediate hit. In 1938 he went to work forA. MerrittatThe American Weekly,moving from Rochester to New York City. Later the same year, he married Beverly Stiles, whom he had known in childhood in Rochester (November 16, 1938), and at some point, converted toJudaism.In 1937, he made an illustration for the first installment ofH. P. Lovecraft'sSupernatural Horror in Literature,which was to be published in theScience-Fantasy Correspondent.When that magazine was ceased publication, it was used on the cover of the April–May 1937 issue of theAmateur Correspondent.This portrayal has become one of the more prominent artistic depictions of Lovecraft.[8]

Finlay served in the US Army during World War II, and saw extensive combat in theSouth West Pacific theater,notably onOkinawa,and did posters and illustrations for the Morale Services during his three years of military service. He resumed his artistic career after demobilization, doing a considerable amount of work for science fiction magazines and books. As the pulp magazine market narrowed through the 1950s, Finlay turned toastrologymagazines as a new venue for his art. In 1953 he won one of the inauguralHugo Awards,as the previous year's best "Interior Illustrator"; cover artists and interior illustrators were not thereafter distinguished by theHugo Award for Best Artistunder various names. He was also named the best artist of 1945 in the 50-yearRetro Hugosof 1996.[9]

Finlay also wrote poetry throughout his adult life. Virtually none was published in his lifetime, though significant samples have been printed posthumously.[10]

Finlay had to undergo major surgery for cancer in early 1969. He recovered enough to go back to work for a time, but the cancer returned, and Finlay died on January 18, 1971, aged 56. (In the last year of his life, he suffered from liver failure. The cause of death was officially cirrhosis, but an autopsy revealed that he had advanced lung cancer.[11]) Finlay just missed a resurgence in interest in his artwork from the early 1970s onward. BothDonald M. Grantand Gerry de la Ree have published collections of Finlay's work since the artist's death. The later books published byUnderwood-Millercontain illustrations from the Gerry de la Ree editions, as well as additional material. A slightly later generation of fantasy fans were introduced to Finlay's art by reprints of his earlier work in the horror film fan magazineCastle of Frankensteinalongside the fine writing that gave significance to that magazine.

Roads,a fantasy novella bySeabury Quinn,first published in the January 1938Weird Tales,and featuring a cover and interior illustrations by Finlay, was published in a very limited edition byArkham Housein 1948. It was recently given a 21st-century facsimile reprinting by Red Jacket Press.

Collections[edit]

  • Virgil Finlay(Donald M. Grant,1971)
  • An Astrology Sketch Book(Donald M. Grant, 1975) introductions by Beverly C. Finlay and Robert Prestopino
  • Finlay's Femmes(1976) – portfolio of drawings
  • Finlay's Illustrations for Weird Tales(Showcase Art Productions, 1976) – portfolio of drawings
  • Women of the Ages(Underwood-Miller,1992)
  • Strange Science(Underwood-Miller, 1993)
  • Phantasms(Underwood-Miller, 1993)
  • Virgil Finlay's Far Beyond(Charles F. Miller, 1994)

Books published by Gerry de la Ree[edit]

  • Finlay's Lost Drawings: For Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream(1975) with Gerry de la Ree
  • The Book of Virgil Finlay(1976)
  • Second Book of Virgil Finlay(1978)
  • The Third Book of Virgil Finlay(1979)
  • The Fourth Book of Virgil Finlay(1979)
  • The Fifth Book of Virgil Finlay(1979)
  • The Sixth Book of Virgil Finlay: The Astrology Years(1980)
  • The Seventh Book of Virgil Finlay – Virgil Finlay Remembered(1981)

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^"Virgil Finlay Dies; Illustrator Was 56".The New York Times.January 20, 1971.
  2. ^Collins, Charles M. "Charles Collins Reviews Fables of Heroic Fantasy and Eldritch Horror".Castle of Frankensteinno. 6 [1964].
  3. ^Virgil Finlay: Master of Dark Fantasy Illustration,website 'These Fantastic Worlds'.
  4. ^ "Science Fiction Hall of Fame: EMP Museum Announces the 2012 Science Fiction Hall of Fame Inductees"at theWayback Machine(archive index). May/June 2012. EMP Museum (empmuseum.org). Retrieved March 19, 2013.
  5. ^Moskowitz, Samuel (1976).Strange Horizons: The Spectrum of Science Fiction.New York: Scribner. p. 249.ISBN9780684147741.
  6. ^Weird Tales(December 1935) publication contents.ISFDB. Retrieved April 11, 2013.
  7. ^ Virgil Finlayat theInternet Speculative Fiction Database(ISFDB). Retrieved April 10, 2013.
  8. ^Joshi, S. T.(2001).A Dreamer and a Visionary: H. P. Lovecraft in His Time.Liverpool Science Fiction Texts and Studies. Vol. 26 (First ed.).Liverpool University Press.pp. 380–381.doi:10.5949/upo9781846312991.ISBN978-1-84631-299-1.JSTORj.ctt5vjhg7.OCLC276177497.
  9. ^ "Finlay, Virgil"ArchivedFebruary 22, 2015, at theWayback Machine.The Locus Index to SF Awards: Index of Art Nominees.Locus Publications.Retrieved April 9, 2013.
  10. ^"A Virgil Finlay Bibliography".reutel.nl. Retrieved 2013-09-13.
  11. ^Moskowitz, Samuel (1976).Strange Horizons: The Spectrum of Science Fiction.New York: Scribner. p. 270.ISBN9780684147741.

External links[edit]

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