Vynohradiv

Not to be confused withVinohrady.

Vynohradiv Виноградів Nagyszőlős
City
Central Vynohradiv looking towards Black Mountain
Coat of arms
Vynohradiv Map of Zakarpattia Oblast with Vynohradiv. Vynohradiv Vynohradiv (Ukraine)
Coordinates:48°08′59″N23°01′30″E
Country	Ukraine
Oblast	Zakarpattia Oblast
Raion	Berehove Raion
Hromada	Vynohradiv urban hromada
Founded	1262 as Sevliush
Incorporated	1946
Government
•Mayor	Stepan Bochkaj
Area
• Total	32.09 km2(12.39 sq mi)
Elevation	134 m (440 ft)
Population (2022)
• Total	25,317
• Density	790/km2(2,000/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1(CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2(CEST)
Postal code	90300 — 305
Area code	+380-3143
Climate	Cfb
Website	www.rada.vynogradiv.com.ua

Vynohradiv(Ukrainian:Виноградів,Hungarian:Nagyszőlős,Romanian:Seleușu Mare,Slovak:Vinohradov) is acityin western Ukraine, inZakarpattia Oblast.It was the center ofVynohradiv Raionand since 2020 it has been incorporated intoBerehove Raion.Population:25,317 (2022 estimate).

Names

There are multiple alternative names used for this city due to its location and history:Hungarian:Nagyszőlős,Romanian:Seleușu Mare,Rusyn:Cивлюш(Syvlyush),Ukrainian:Cивлюш(Syvlyush),Russian:Виноградов(Vinogradov),Belarusian:Вінаградаў(Vinahradaŭ),Yiddish:סעליש(Seylesh, Selish),Slovak:Vinohradov(Veľká Sevljuš duringCzechoslovakrule),German:Wynohradiw,Polish:Wynohradiw(hist. Sewlusz).

Geography

Location

The city lies near the riverTiszaon the border withRomania.It is 35 kilometres (22 mi) fromBerehove.

History

It was first mentioned in 1262 by the nameZceuleus.ItsHungarianname, Nagyszőlős ( "Great Vineyard" ), stems from the area being an important wine district. The city was called Sevlush (theRusyntransliteration of the Hungarian wordszőlős,meaning vineyard.

The town was one of the oldest inUgocsacounty, and was inhabited by winemakers of the royal court. In 1329, Hungarian KingCharles Robertgranted privileges to the town, which became the seat of theComitatus(the city held this rank until theTreaty of Trianonwas signed in 1920).

In 1717, most of the citizens of the town were killed by an invadingTatarhorde. By 1880, the population was about 4,400 (with 500 nativeRomanians). In 1881 a secondary school was opened.

In 1910 it had a population of 7,811 (5,943 or 76% Hungarians, 1,266 or 16% Ruthenians (Rusyns) and 540 or 7% Germans). The religious make-up was 3,311 Greek Catholics (42.5%), 2,237 Jews (28.6%) and 1,124 Calvinists (14.4%).

This city had a Jewish ghetto in 1944. At its height from May to June 1944, most of the Jews of this section of northern Transylvania were deported to theAuschwitz concentration campto be gassed shortly after arrival. Jews from the area typically spent about two weeks in the ghetto before being deported. Conditions were extremely cramped with many families housed in a single room, a deliberate arrangement meant to cause suffering and disease.

In 1944,Carpathian Rutheniawas occupied bySoviet Unionand was formally incorporated intoUkrainian SSRin 1946. The city name became Vinogradovo (Russian), Vynohradiv (Ukrainian), or Vynohradovo (Rusyn). All mean "Grape Town."

A local newspaper is published here since December 1945.

Demographics

Street map of Vynohradiv and surrounding area (Ukrainian).

According to the 2001 census, the population included:

• Ukrainians (82.13%)
• Hungarians (13.54%)
• Russians (3.82%)
• Roma (0.6%)

Tourist sights

Ugocsa Castle

Perényi Castle.

Franciscan church and monastery.

• Ugocsa Castle "Kankó" (ruins; 13th century). It was first mentioned in 1308. In 1315 King Charles Robert attacked and destroyed it. In the 15th century the area was given to monks of the Franciscan order, they built a monastery there, which was inhabited until 1558. There is a small 14th century chapel south of the ruins.
• Perényi Castle. It was built by the Perényi noble family from 1399, later rebuilt in baroque style into a mansion.
• Franciscan church and monastery (built in 1744, rebuilt in 1889).
• Our Lady's Church (13th century, rebuilt in the 15th century inGothic style,restored in the early 20th century. Its furniture was destroyed after 1945. The Church got it back in 1989.
• Franciscan monastery (founded in the 15th century). In 1556 local Protestants attacked the monastery, killed the monks and threw the body ofSt. John Capistranointo a well. The Perényi family invited monks of the order to the town again, but the monastery burnt down in 1747. Its current building was erected in 1889.
• Protestantchurch (Neoclassical,1828).
• Old county hall (now the building of the Zsigmond Perényi Secondary School) and statue of Perényi (1906).

Notable people

In alphabetical order:

• ComposerBéla Bartók(born 1881) lived in the house opposite the mansion in 1889–92; his mother worked as a teacher. Bartók held his first recital here in the county hall.
• Ethella Chupryk,pianist and assistant professor of piano at the Mykola Lysenko National Music Academy
• József Csorba,doctor and physicist, was born here in 1789.
• Gábor Döbrentei,philologistandantiquarian,was born here in 1786.
• Mykhaylo Koman,footballer and coach of Dynamo Kyiv, was raised here.
• János Majos(died 1810),Kuruccaptain, was born here.
• Edvin Marton,born Lajos Csűry in 1974, composer and violinist.
• Endre Nagy,writer and stage director, was born here in 1877.
• Eleanor Perenyi,American author, lived here in 1937–40 as the wife of a Hungarian nobleman.
• Imre Révész,painter, was born here in 1859 and is buried in the local cemetery.

Economy

One of the biggest employers in Vynohradiv is theGentherm.

International relations

See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in Ukraine

Twin towns — Sister cities

Vynohradiv istwinnedwith:

• Nyírbátorin Hungary
• Fehérgyarmatin Hungary
• Dynówin Poland
• Vranov nad Topľouin Slovakia
• Celadasin Spain

External links

Media related toVynohradivat Wikimedia Commons

• Panoramio Maps
• Wikimapia Maps
• Gentherm