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Warminster

Coordinates:51°12′18″N2°10′52″W/ 51.205°N 2.181°W/51.205; -2.181
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For other uses, seeWarminster (disambiguation).

Warminster
Market Place, Warminster
Warminster is located in Wiltshire
Warminster
Warminster
Location withinWiltshire
Population18,173 (2021 Census)[1]
OS grid referenceST875455
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townWarminster
Postcode districtBA12
Dialling code01985
PoliceWiltshire
FireDorset and Wiltshire
AmbulanceSouth Western
UK Parliament
WebsiteTown Council
List of places
UK
England
Wiltshire
51°12′18″N2°10′52″W/ 51.205°N 2.181°W/51.205; -2.181

Warminster(/ˈwɔːrmɪnstər/) is a historic market town andcivil parishin south-westWiltshire,England, on the western edge ofSalisbury Plain.The parish had a population of 18,173 in 2021.[1]

The nameWarminsteroccurs first in the early 10th century and theMinster Church of St Denyswas begun in the 11th century. The High Street and Market Place have many fine buildings including theAthenaeum Centre,theTown Hall,St Lawrence Chapel, The Old Bell and a variety of independent shops. Several Army establishments, known collectively as theWarminster Garrison,are on the edges of the town.

Etymology

[edit]

The origin of the rootWoriswara,thegenitivepluralof theOld Englishnounwarumeaning "those that care for, watch, guard, protect, or defend." It was used as anendonymby bothGoths[a]andJutes.Their specificethnonymis unknown, though it likely was related to the native name of theoppidumatBattlesbury CampduringSub-Romantimes.

The town's name has evolved over time; it was known asWorgemynstrein the early tenth century and was recorded asGuerminstrein theDomesday Book.[2]Thenounminsterderives fromOld Englishmynstermeaning monastery, nunnery, mother church or cathedral, and was given to the town bySaxonsettlers in the seventh century.

History

[edit]

Early history

[edit]
Pit Mead Roman villa mosaic, illustrations byCatherine Downes,engraved byJames Basireand presented to the SAL byDaines Barrington

The main settlement at Warminster dates back to theAnglo-Saxon period,although there is evidence of pre-historic settlements in the area, especially at the nearbyIron Agehill forts:Battlesbury Camp,Scratchbury CampandCley Hill.TwoRoman villashave been discovered in the area, as have caches of Roman coins.[3]

By the 10th century, Warminster included a royal manor and an Anglo-Saxonminster,with the residents largely associated with the estate. The royal manor was passed to new lords in the 12th century, during which time the township started to grow. In the 13th century a market was set up at Warminster, and by 1377 the town had 304 poll-tax payers, the tenth largest in Wiltshire.[3]

Civil war

[edit]

During theCivil War,between 1642 and 1645, the town was the site of a few incidents. Amajorfor the "Roundheads",Henry Wansey,was besieged in Warminster, while a force underEdmund Ludlowentered a skirmish on Warminster Common when trying to relieve him. By 1646, the town had suffered £500 (equivalent to £102,760 in 2023) worth of damages by supporting the Roundheads.[3]

Post-medieval prosperity

[edit]

The market at Warminster was the focus of the town's prosperity, with significantwool,clothing andmaltingtrades established by the 16th century and continuing to be the economic backbone of the town until the 19th century.[3]The market also included a significantcorntrade throughout the period and was regarded as the second largest corn market in the west of England in 1830. Unlike many markets of the time where farmers would take only samples to market, Warminster's corn market required a sack from each load of corn to be available to customers; each purchase was to be agreed between 11am and 1pm and paid for by the end of the day.[4]

The town had a large amount of accommodation for visitors to the market, and in 1686 it was ranked fourth for number of places to stay in Wiltshire, with 116 beds. By 1710 there were approximately fifty inns and alehouses in the town. The town was an early adopter of theTurnpikes Actto improve the roads around the town. Unlike many roads improved at the time which would link to towns, Warminster chose to improve seven roads around the town, all under three miles long.[3]

By the late 18th century some 200 dwellings had been built undersquatter's rightsnear Warminster Common, many of them substandard and overcrowded. William Daniell, a 19th-century Methodist minister, reported the reminiscences of a woman born there in the 1770s: unplastered hovels with earth floors, and piles of filth which poisoned the Cannimore Brook, bringingtyphusandsmallpox.[5]The people were considered rude and drunk criminals. Daniell and members of the clergy were keen to help the residents, and by 1833 the area was considered clean and respectable.[3][6]

19th and 20th centuries

[edit]

The town centre was redesigned after 1807 whenGeorge Wansey,from a family of clothiers in Warminster, left £1,000 (equivalent to £100,528 in 2023) to improve the town, provided his money could be matched by local fundraising. The amount raised was spent on demolishing houses to widen roads. In 1851, a railway line fromWestburywas opened, and then in 1856 the line was continued toSalisbury.The railway had a devastating effect on the town's market, which fell away almost to nothing; the shops and inns lost most of their business, and the local industries declined.[3]

The High Street, Warminster, c. 1905

In 1907, a committee was put together to advertise the town, creating a town guide and advertising in national publications. The committee could not come to an agreement withLord Bathover the location of a new hotel.

The headquarters and factory of luxury glovemakersDentsmoved to the town in 1937, where it has remained since.[7]

Between 1937 and 1965, a significant military presence formed at Warminster, with the addition of camps, a permanent barracks atBattlesbury,married quarters, a School of Infantry, and workshops for vehicle repairs.[3]

Religious sites

[edit]

Church of England

[edit]
The Minster Church of St Denys

St Denys's Churchis the town's oldest, and is claimed to have hadminsterstatus, as there was a church here in the 10th century. Rebuilding was carried out in the 14th century, and in 1889 the church was mostly rebuilt, with a longer nave.[8]

As the town's population grew in the 19th century, two more churches were built:Christ Churchin 1831 to serve the south of the town, andSt John'sin 1865 in the southeast.[9]All three churches arelisted,St Denys' and St John's churches are Grade II* and Christ Church is Grade II.[10][11][12]

Town chapel

[edit]

The chapel of St Lawrence, on the High Street near the market place, has been achapel-of-easeto St Denys since at least 1290. Its tower is from the late 13th or early 14th century, but the rest was rebuilt in 1855–7. The people of the town bought the chapel in 1574, giving it the status of anon-royal peculiaroutside the jurisdiction of the Church of England. Since then has been administered byfeoffees(trustees) on behalf of the town, and they invite the vicar of St Denys' to hold services.[13]

Others

[edit]

Methodistsbuilt a chapel on George Street, west of the town centre, in 1804; it was rebuilt in 1861.[14]The congregation amalgamated with theUnited Reformed Churchin 1983 to form the United Church.[15]A predecessor of the URC opened a chapel at Common Close in 1720, which by 1829 had a congregation of 900, leading to the chapel being rebuilt for a second time in 1839;[16]notable ministers includedDaniel Fisher(1752 to 1771)[17]andGeoffrey Nuttall(1938 to 1943).[18]Numbers fell in the 20th century, and after the 1983 amalgamation the chapel was demolished in 1987.[16]

TheBaptistchapel in North Row, off the High Street, was built in 1810 using red brick with stone dressings; by 1829 there were 250 in the congregation.[19]Its interior was remodelled c.1850.[20]

St Giles' Garrison Church, Imber Road, was built in 1968.[21]

St George's Roman Catholic Church, Boreham Road, in theDiocese of Clifton,was built in 1922 to designs of Bristol architectSir Frank William Wills.[22]

College and convent

[edit]

James Erasmus Philipps, vicar of St Denys from 1859 to 1897, raised funds in 1860 to found a college for young men in a house on Church Street.[9]It evolved into amissionarycollege calledSt Boniface Missionary College,and its building was greatly enlarged in 1901 and 1927. From 1948 until closure in 1969, as Warminster Theological College, it was a post-graduate facility ofKing's College London.Today its buildings are part ofWarminster School.[23]

Philipps also led the foundation of an order ofnuns,theCommunity of St Denys,in 1879. The nuns ran St Monica's School for Girls, which merged with Lord Weymouth's Grammar School in 1973 to form Warminster School.[24]Since the retirement of the last nun in the early 21st century, the order operates as a grant-making charity.[25]

Notable buildings and structures

[edit]
Portway House

Warminster has oneGrade I listedbuilding: Portway House, to the north of the town centre, built for a wealthy clothier in 1722. TheBath stonehouse has a seven-bay front flanked by later extensions, and is set back from the road behind ornamental ironwork dated 1760.[26][27]

Other Bath stone houses include 38–40 Market Place, late 18th century or early 19th, now shops at street level;[28]and The Chantry, 34 High Street.[29]Both are Grade II* listed.

Further Grade II* listed buildings include the churches of St Denys[30]and St John;[31]Byne House,Church Street, 1755; andWarminster School,1708, endowed byLord Weymouth,two storeys with attic, seven-bay front.[32]Wren House, Vicarage Street, of 1720 or 1730, is described by Historic England as "a fine example of an early Georgian 5-bay house".[33]The Pound Street maltings, at what was the western edge of the town, are a rebuilding of 1879 in rubble stone with some ashlar.[34]TheAthenaeum Centre,designed by William Jervis Stent and built in 1857, is Wiltshire's oldest working theatre.

At the triangular junction of Vicarage Street and Silver Street stands a tall stone obelisk, crowned with a reeded urn and pineapple, which was erected in 1873 on the site of an earlierhigh crossto commemorate theinclosureof the parish.[35]

Warminster Town Hall

Warminster Town Hall,at the junction of the High Street and Weymouth Street, was designed c. 1837 byEdward Bloreat the expense of the5th Marquess of Bath;the two-storey front elevation is a replica ofLongleat,with the addition of a central bellcote, clock and coat of arms.[36]The building was sold by the district council in 1979.[37]

Governance

[edit]

Warminster falls within theparliamentary constituencyofSouth West Wiltshire,which has been represented since 2001 byAndrew Murrisonfor theConservatives.[38]

There are two levels of local government:Wiltshire Council– theunitary authorityfor the county – and Warminster Town Council, which has 13 elected councillors.[39]

Until 2009, when it was abolished,West WiltshireDistrict Council acted as the second tier of local government.

Geography

[edit]

Warminster is in south-west Wiltshire, near to the Somerset border. The town is surrounded by six hills, providing shelter and security for early settlers. Warminster is also close to the formerSelwood Forest.[4]

A minor river known as The Were[40]flows through the town to join theRiver Wylyeon the south-east outskirts.[41]

Climate data for Bath (Nearest climate station to Warminster)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.6
(45.7) 		7.9
(46.2) 		10.5
(50.9) 		13.5
(56.3) 		16.7
(62.1) 		19.7
(67.5) 		22.7
(72.9) 		21.5
(70.7) 		18.8
(65.8) 		14.6
(58.3) 		10.7
(51.3) 		8.0
(46.4) 		14.3
(57.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.9
(35.4) 		1.7
(35.1) 		3.5
(38.3) 		4.6
(40.3) 		7.5
(45.5) 		10.4
(50.7) 		12.5
(54.5) 		12.4
(54.3) 		10.3
(50.5) 		7.6
(45.7) 		4.5
(40.1) 		2.3
(36.1) 		6.6
(43.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 82.5
(3.25) 		53.2
(2.09) 		63.7
(2.51) 		56.9
(2.24) 		59.7
(2.35) 		51.9
(2.04) 		55.8
(2.20) 		65.7
(2.59) 		66.6
(2.62) 		88.5
(3.48) 		82.7
(3.26) 		87.2
(3.43) 		824.1
(32.44)
Source: Met Office[42]

The former hamlets ofBugley(west of the town on the Frome road) andBoreham(east towards Bishopstrow) are now part of Warminster's suburbs.[43]

Population

[edit]

TheDomesdaysurvey of 1086 recorded 104 households,[2]largely craftsmen for the royaldemesne,but the population had grown by 1377 to 304 poll-tax payers, making Warminster the tenth largest village in Wiltshire. In 1665, the population had increased to 354 households, approximately 1,800 people. The area contained by theturnpikegates included 2,605 people in 1781.[3]

Historical population of Warminster
Year 1801 1811 1821 1831 1841 1851 1861 1871 1881 1891 1901
Population 4,932 4,866 5,612 6,115 6,211 6,285 5,995 5,786 5,640 5,563 5,547
Year 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Population 5,492 5,387 5,176 – 7,660 9,860 13,554 15,089 16,267 17,377 17,490

Census: 1801–2011[44]

Economy

[edit]

As Warminster is in an area of fertile land, much of its early economy was through farming, especially cereals. William Daniell commented in 1879 that Warminster lay 'in the midst of a fine corn-country', and Warminster's market provided the backbone of the economy through the 16th to 19th centuries. Alongside cereals, wool and clothing were traded and there were a number ofmaltingsin the town.[3]

Warminster's clothing trade suffered greatly in the early 19th century, as there was no suitable river to power machinery during a period of industrialisation.[45]At the same time its malting trade declined but remained important.[3]In 1855, William Morgan commissioned the Pound Street Maltings,[46][34]whichPevsnerfound to be derelict in 1974;[47]today, malt is again produced there under new management.[48]

The coming of the railway line from Westbury in 1851, continued toSalisburyin 1856, had a devastating effect on the town's market, which fell away almost to nothing, and the shops and inns lost most of their business. In 1860, Warminster was described as "a clean-swept, semi-aristocratic, decidedly poor place... in a lukewarm, stagnant, bankrupt state." However, by that year the town had begun to adopt new trades inbrewingandiron-founding,which eventually grew enough to mitigate the loss of other business.[3]One example was the Woodcock Ironworks, set up byJohn Wallis Tittin the town in the mid-1870s to make agricultural machines.[4]

During the 20th century, Warminster's economy became more dependent on theBritish Armyand its associated service industries, but other new businesses also came into the area, such as intensivepoultry farming,banana ripening,and shoe manufacture. During the late 20th century and early 21st century, the leisure industry has grown in the area, withLongleatandCenter Parcs Longleat Forestbecoming significant employers.[4]

Amenities

[edit]
The boating lake at the Pleasure Grounds

Warminster has a library, museum, theatre, sports centre with pool, and a selection of independent shops and restaurants, as well as a thriving community, including a choral society called 'The Athenaeum Singers'. Annual events in the area include an illuminated carnival, a vintage bus run and heritage open days.[49]

TheAthenaeumis an 1858 Grade II listed building and Wiltshire's oldest working theatre venue. Originally a literary institution, with lectures, plays and concerts, and later a cinema and arts centre, it is now a theatre and centre for the community.[50]Facilities at the Lakeside Pleasure Grounds (run by Warminster Town Council) include children's play activities, tennis courts, a skate park, children's splash pool and a boating lake leading to the Henford's Marsh nature reserve;[51]the park was opened byThomas Thynne, 5th Marquess of Bath,in 1924 on the site of the town's former rubbish tip.[52]A children's play area was added in 1938 with a grant from the nationalKing George V memorial foundation.[52]

About 4 miles (6 km) to the west isLongleat,thecountry houseof theMarquess of Bath,and its estate which has includedLongleat Safari Parksince 1966; the first drive-through safari park outside Africa, it is home to over 500 animals, including giraffes, monkeys, rhinos, lions, tigers and wolves.[53][54]The nearby Longleat Forest is also home to aCenter Parcsholiday village.[55]

Media

[edit]

TheWarminster Journalis the local paid-forweekly newspaper.Published since 1881, it covers the surrounding villages as well as the town.[56]The town is also within the area of theWiltshire Times,another weekly newspaper.[57]

Local news and television programmes are provided byBBC WestandITV West Country.Television signals are received from theMendipand local relay transmitters.[58][59]

BBC Radio Wiltshireis theBBC Local Radiopublic service station for the county. Warminster Community Radio (WCR) is the local community station broadcasting from the Civic Centre on 105.5 FM and online.[60]Warminster is the centre of a small commercial radio licensing area, available on 107.5FM.[61]The licence was first held from 2001 by3TR FM(Three Towns Radio; referring to Warminster,WestburyandFrome) but from 2008 went through several changes of ownership and station name.[62]Since 2019 the station has been owned byBauer Radio,and in September 2020 it was rebranded toGreatest Hits Radiowhich broadcasts national and regional music programmes.[63]

Military presence

[edit]

TheBritish Army'sWaterloo Lines,formerly the Land Warfare Centre, is home to a number of Army specialist training schools and a sizeable portion of the Headquarters Field Army (not to be confused withArmy HQinAndover). The site is also home to HeadquartersSmall Arms School Corps[64]and Headquarters Infantry, which was formed in 1996 and is responsible for the recruiting, manning and training policies of the Infantry.[65]Harman Linesis a smaller installation nearby; in 2013, elements of theRoyal Tank Regimentwere here.[66]

Battlesbury Barracks(near the ancientBattlesbury Camp) is the home of theRoyal Dragoon Guards,an armoured cavalry regiment.[67]Between 2005 and 2020, forces of theYorkshire Regiment(latterly the 1st Battalion) were based here; the regiment's 3rd Battalion was awarded thefreedom of the townin 2012.[68]

Transport

[edit]

Warminster is at the junction of two primary routes, theA36and theA350,which both now bypass the town to the south and east. There is a service area where the two roads meet.[citation needed]TheA303is about 7 miles (11 km) south of the town, and junctions 17 and 18 of theM4are 22 miles (35 km) to the north.

Warminster railway station,which opened in 1851,[69]is a stop on theWessex Main Line.It is served by twotrain operating companies:

Warminster's bus services are operated byFirst Bristol,Beeline Coaches and FromeBus. Routes connect the town with Bath, Frome and Salisbury.[73]Berrys Coachesoperates theSuperfast 3route betweenTauntonandLondon.[74]

Sport

[edit]

Warminster has a long history of sporting activities, with many clubs established in the 19th century. Warminster Cricket Club was created in 1838. Its facilities at Sambourne Road have been shared with the local hockey team[75]and the Warminster Table Tennis Club.[76]The West Wilts Hockey Club has origins dating back to 1899[77]and as of 2016 has 13 adult teams.[78]The architectJohn Henry Taylordesigned the town's Elm Hill golf course in 1891.[79]

Warminster Town Football Clubbegan around 1878 and the site at Weymouth Street was renovated and expanded in the 1990s;[80]they play in Division One of theWestern League.The town has a competitive swimming club, which began as part of Wiltshire County Amateur Swimming Association in 1907 and was re-established as Warminster and District Amateur Swimming Club in 1973.[81]The Marquess of Bath is the President of Warminster Rugby Club which began in 1977 and in 1997 established its base at the West Wilts District Council owned Folly Lane multi-sports site.[82]

More recent additions have been the Warminster Sports Centre run by Wiltshire Council,[83]the Warminster Running Club,[84]the Warminster Adventure Sports Club,[85]and the Wessex Blades Fencing Club.[86]

Education

[edit]

Warminster has several primary schools and two secondary schools:Warminster School,an independent public school which was founded in 1707,[87]andKingdown Schoolwhich became an academy in 2011.[88]Nearby Bishopstrow College prepares international students for boarding school.[89]

Public services

[edit]

Utilities

[edit]

Wessex Watersupplies the town'swaterandsewageservices,[90]with waterhardnessin the town centre reported as 250 mg/L.[91]Thedistribution network operatorfor bothelectricityandgasisSSE plc.[92]

Healthcare

[edit]

The town has oneGPpartnership, the Avenue Surgery.[93]The small Warminster Community Hospital has been run since 2016 by Wiltshire Health and Care LLP,[94]who provide community services here and at five other small Wiltshire hospitals.[95]The hospital has an inpatient ward. The nearest minor injuries unit is atFrome,[96]and the nearest general hospitals withAccident and Emergencydepartments areSalisbury District Hospitaland theRoyal United Hospitalin Bath.[97]Ambulances are provided by theSouth Western Ambulance Service.[98]

Policing

[edit]

The town is within the area ofWiltshire Police,[99]who have a station at The Avenue, in the centre of the town near the fire station.[100]Until 2021 the police station was at Station Road, but the Police and Crime Commissioner described that building as "not fit for purpose".[101]

The former and now disused Warminster Police Station from Station Road

As of June 2020, the Community Policing Team consists of:

TheMinistry of Defence PoliceandRoyal Military Policeare occasionally to be seen passing through the town, asWarminster Garrisonand theSalisbury Plain training areaare policed jointly by all three police organisations.

Fire Service

[edit]

Warminster has a fire station (The Portway, Warminster, BA12 8QE) and itsretained firefightersare provided byDorset & Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service.[104]They respond to emergencies when alerted by their pagers.[105]

Warminster Community Fire Station and engine (2010)

Notable people

[edit]

Twin towns

[edit]
See also:List of twin towns and sister cities in England

Warminster istwinnedwith:

UFO sightings

[edit]

Warminster was the location for a number of UFO sightings during the 1960s and 1970s. The first sighting was recorded by Arthur Shuttlewood on 25 December 1964 and he compiled a dossier of further sightings over the following year before giving it to theDaily Mirrorto publish. The Daily Mirror's story gained the town some notoriety for UFO sightings, including a BBC documentary in 1966, several books published on the sightings,[116][117]a 2009 conference on UFOs,[118]a 2010 conference with UFO expert Nick Pope[119]and a 2015 mural with guest speakerKathleen Marden.[116]

See also

[edit]

Other places named Warminster:

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^WarmiaandWarsaw.

References

[edit]
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  2. ^abWarminsterin theDomesday Book
  3. ^abcdefghijkl"Warminster: Introduction".A History of the County of Wiltshire.8.London: Victoria County History: 90–96. 1965.Retrieved3 September2016.
  4. ^abcd"Warminster".Wiltshire Community History.Wiltshire Council.Retrieved13 March2023.
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