Weh Antiok Khosrow
Wēh Antīōk Khosrow(Middle Persian:wyḥ ʾntywk ḥwslwd;[1]"Khosrow's Better Antioch", literally, "better thanAntioch,Khosrow built this "),[2]also calledBeh-az-Andīw-e Khosrow(New Persian:به از اندیو خسرو,literally "Better-than-Antioch of Khosrow" ),Antiocheia Chosroou(Greek:Ἀντιόχεια Χοσρόου),Rūmagān(Persian:رومگان), oral-Rūmīya(Arabic:الرومية), was a historic city in modern day Iraq. It was founded by Iranian kingKhosrow Ion the east bank of theTigrisin the vicinity ofCtesiphon,Sasanian Empire,that was populated bydeportedRoman prisoners-of-war.[3]It was reportedly about one day's walk fromCtesiphon.[4]
Antioch had previously been devastated by anearthquake in 526.TheRoman Emperor Justinand his heir and CaesarJustinianhad sent substantial resources to the city to rebuild it.
The Persians useddeportationas a tool of policy.[5]Khosrow IcapturedAntiochin 540 during theByzantine–Sasanian wars;the city was destroyed and its population was deported to this new city. According toJacob of Edessa,prisoners-of-war from the cities ofSura,Beroea,Antioch,Apamea,Callinicum,andBatnaiinOsrhoenewere deported to this new city. It may be identical withMāhōzē Ḥəḏattā(literally "the New City" ) in theSyriacconciliar acts.[3]
Procopiushas provided detailed information on the building of the city, though his primary source is pro-Sasanian. According toal-Tabariandal-Tha'alibi,the city was built on the plan of the Syrianmetropolisand Khosrow I did everything in his power to make the residents want to stay.[3]He provided Weh Antiok Khosrow withRoman bathsand acircus.[4]He also settled charioteers in the city.[4]
The city was governed by Barāz, aChristianfromGundeshapur.[3]By the late 6th century, it had a population of circa 30,000.[6]
The city was captured by theArab MuslimsunderKhalid ibn Urfuta.Later in theAbbasidperiod, CaliphAl-Mansurused the city, then known asal Rumiyyahas seat of government for a few months.[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^Frye, R. N. (1983)."THE POLITICAL HISTORY OF IRAN UNDER THE SASANIANS".The Cambridge History of Iran.p. 179.doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521200929.006.ISBN9781139054942.
- ^Beate Dignas, Engelbert Winter:Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity.Cambridge 2007, 109
- ^abcdA. Shapur Shahbazi,Erich Kettenhofen, John R. Perry, “DEPORTATIONS,”Encyclopædia Iranica,VII/3, pp. 297-312, available online athttp://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/deportations(accessed on 30 December 2012).
- ^abcCanepa 2018,p. 1599.
- ^Kettenhofen, Erich."DEPORTATIONS – Encyclopaedia Iranica".www.iranicaonline.org.Retrieved25 November2018.
- ^Canepa 2009,pp. 173–174.
- ^Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (1895).Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain & Ireland.Cambridge University Press for the Royal Asiatic Society. p. 40.
Sources
[edit]- Canepa, Matthew P. (2009).The Two Eyes of the Earth: Art and Ritual of Kingship Between Rome and Sasanian Iran.University of California Press.ISBN978-0520257276.
- Canepa, Matthew (2018)."Weh-andīōg-husraw (Rūmagān)".In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity.Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN978-0-19-866277-8.
- Sauer, Eberhard (2017).Sasanian Persia: Between Rome and the Steppes of Eurasia.London and New York: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–336.ISBN9781474401029.