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Welsh republicanism(Welsh:Gweriniaetholdeb Gymreig) orrepublicanism in Wales(Welsh:Gweriniaetholdeb yng Nghymru) is the political ideology that advocates forWalesto be governed by arepublicansystem, as opposed to themonarchy of the United Kingdom.

Typically, this ideology is suggested as an element of forming anindependent Wales,but can also be considered as part ofreforming the political systemof theUnited Kingdom,which could includeintroducing an elected official as head of state.It is not synonymous with Welsh independence, but one possible form of government, asWalesbefore English rule had native monarchies, and most of the prominent independence organisations do not explicitly support republicanism. While theWales Green Partysupports a republic and would support independencein a referendum.

Native monarchies in Wales[edit]

Main article:Principality of Wales

During theMiddle Agesand since theRoman Empireleft the island of Britain, Wales had many monarchical states most notably the kingdoms ofGwynedd,Powys,andDeuheubarth.The most significant Welsh royal house was theHouse of Gwyneddwhich started inc. 401and its cadet branches,Aberffraw,Dinefwr,andMathrafal.[1]

The legendaryKing Arthuris embedded in Welsh tradition and national stories through his battles for Celtic independence from the encroachment of Anglo-Saxon forces. Many Welsh leaders referencedKing Arthur's messianic returnto save the Welsh people and to lead rebellions against England.[citation needed]

Welsh unification fluctuated over time between different kingdoms, including the Anglo-Norman Kingdom of England which held land in southern Wales from the late 11th century.Llywelyn the Greatof Gwynedd formally united Wales at theCouncil of Aberdyfiin 1216 under the Principality of Wales with the title Prince of Wales.[2]The title ofPrince of Waleswas used not as one subservient to a king (as it is now), but to invoke the Roman Imperial title ofprinceps.[citation needed]

Some native Welsh nobles would continue to hold a few positions of power or status in Wales after English conquest.Owain Glyndŵras a member of the House of Mathrafal shortly reasserted Wales and an independent Principality of Wales 1400–1409. The WelshTudors of Penmynyddwere a prominent royal house which supported Glyndŵr, and would then become English monarchs afterHenry VIIwon theWar of the Roses.[3]

English monarchy rule in Wales[edit]

Main article:English rule in Wales

In the 13th century, the last Prince of Wales,Llywelyn the Lastwas forced into an agreement byEdward I of Englandthat saw Llywelyn withdraw his powers to Gwynedd only. In 1282 whilst attempting to gather support in Cilmeri near Builth Wells, Llywelyn was killed by one of Edward's soldiers. Llywelyn's brother,Dafydd ap Gruffyddbriefly led a force in Wales, but was captured and laterhanged, drawn and quarteredby Edward, thus ending Welsh independence.[4][5]

Since conquest, there have beenWelsh rebellions against English rule.The last, and the most significant revolt was theGlyndŵr Risingof 1400–1415, which briefly restored independence.Owain Glyndŵrheld the first Welsh parliament (Senedd) inMachynllethin 1404 where he was proclaimed Prince of Wales and a second parliament in 1405 inHarlech.Following the eventual defeat of the Glyndŵr rebellion and a brief period of independence, it wasn't until 1999 that a Welsh legislative body was re-established as the National Assembly of Wales which was renamedSenedd Cymru/Welsh Parliamentin 2020.[6][7]

In the 16th century, KingHenry VIIIof theTudor dynasty,(a royal house of Welsh origin) and theEnglish parliament,passed theLaws in Wales Acts,also referred to as the "Acts of Union", which incorporated Wales fully into theKingdom of England.[8]

History of republicanism in Wales[edit]

20th century[edit]

Cliff Bere, a founder of theWelsh Republican Movement,stated in the early 1950s, "The English Crown still forms an important part of the English machinery of domination, accusing politicians of all hues of being willing to avail themselves of the English crown's usefulness… as a means of maintaining domination upon the Celtic nations of Britain".[9]

The1969 investitureofCharles, Prince of Wales,saw strong opposition from Welsh nationalists, with the situation described before the investiture as "something close to open warfare between the Government's police and young people of Wales".[10]

TheWelsh Socialist Republican Movementwas a short lived political group that emerged following the1979 devolution referendumwhich campaigned for anindependentand socialist Welsh independent republic.[11]

The song "Charles Windsor" by the English indie pop bandMcCarthywas covered by the Welsh rock bandManic Street Preacherson their 1994 EPLife Becoming a Landslide.It includes lyrics describing the deposing of Charles.[12]

21st century[edit]

Wales' largest pro-independence party,Plaid CymruandGwlad,both have a neutral position and propose a referendum after independence on the future status of the monarchy in Wales. Plaid Cymru has a number of republican members and supporters, including former party leaderLeanne Wood.[13][14]

Bethan SayedMS argued in 2019 that Senedd members should not have to swear an oath of allegiance to the queen, and instead should be allowed to swear an oath of allegiance, loyalty and service to the people of Wales.[15]

In September 2021, the pressure groupRepubliccrowdfunded billboards across Britain calling for the abolition of the monarchy, with billboards appearing in Wales in Aberdare, Swansea and Cardiff declaring in bothWelshandEnglishthat "Wales doesn't need a prince", referring to Charles.[16][17]

TheWales Green Partysupport a Welsh republic in the event that Wales becomes independent.[18]The party has stated that if a referendum were to be held on the matter of Welsh independence then it would support Welsh independence.[19]

PropelandSovereign Walesdo not hold a position on the monarchy or a future Head of State in an independent Wales,[20][21]whilstSocialist Party Walesadvocate a 'socialist Wales as part of a socialist federation of Wales, England, Scotland and Ireland'.[22]

2022[edit]

First minister of Wales,Mark Drakefordhas stated that there will be future discussions about an elected head of state in Wales, but "not this week" during the period of mourning for the Queen.[23]

A minority of crowd of protesters opposed to the British monarch attended events in Cardiff that proclaimed the accession ofCharles III.[24]Upon Charles' visit toCardiff Castle,a silent protest against the monarchy will be held by trade unions,Labour for an Independent Walesand equality campaigners, led byBethan Sayed.[25]

CNNdescribed Wales as the most 'hostile' country to Charles' visit. One man said: "While we struggle to heat our homes, we have to pay for your parade." King Charles sighed, saying "oh" and turned away. The man then said "We pay £100 million a year for you, and for what?". Protestors outsideCardiff Castleheld banners including the phrases "Abolish the Monarchy", "Citizen not subject", "Democracy now".[26]

Senedd member forMid and West Wales region,[27]Cefin Campbellasked in the current "more inclusive" and "egalitarian" society, whether "we need a monarchy at all".[28]

Laura McAllister,Welsh academic, formerinternational footballerand senior sports administrator has said of the monarchy, "I'm a republican but, if I'm honest, it's pretty low on my own list of priorities. A hereditary sovereign most definitely isn't the representation of my nation that I'd choose, but I care more about poverty, education and climate change than I do about this particular debate."[29]

Prince of Wales[edit]

Main article:Controversy of the Prince of Wales title

ThePrince Charles's 1969 investiturewas "largely welcomed" in Wales,[30]but protests also took place in the days leading up to the ceremony.[31][32]Multiple Welsh organisations and individuals were against the event, includingDafydd Iwan,[33]Edward Millward,[34]Cofia 1282 ('Remember 1282'),[35]and theWelsh Language Society.[36]On the day of the investiture, a few protesters were arrested.[37]

Since then, further prominent organisations and figures in Wales have called for an end to the titlePrince of Wales.This includesPlaid CymruMP,Adam Price,who called in 2006 for a referendum to end thePrince of Walestitle.[38]Welsh actorMichael Sheenreturned hisOBEin 2017, so he could campaign to end the title.[39]

FollowingCharles III's accession to the throne on 8 September 2022, LordDafydd Elis-Thomassuggested to the media that the Prince of Wales title had "no meaning to it in the constitution" and could be discontinued.[40]When the title was passed toPrince Williamwithin a few days, further opposition was voiced.[41]The campaign group,Republic,raised £25,000 to put up billboards declaring "Wales doesn't need a prince".[42]A petition was launched calling for the abolition of the title 'Prince of Wales', which had received over 35,000 signatures.[43]First MinisterMark Drakeford,[44]Adam Price MS,[45]Jane DoddsMS,[46]andYesCymru[47]acknowledged a potential for a debate or have suggested potential for Welsh decision. On the 6 October,Gwynedd Council,the local authority where Charles was invested, voted to declare opposition to the title of 'Prince of Wales' and against holding another investiture in Wales.[48]

Welsh republicans[edit]

Politics[edit]

Arts[edit]

Activists[edit]

Public opinion[edit]

In 2019, a Focaldata poll commissioned byUnHerdrevealed that support for theBritish royal familyin Wales ( "I am a strong supporter of the continued reign of the Royal Family" ) was lowest inSwansea Eastat 40% (21% opposed) and highest inMontgomeryshireat 61% (18% opposed), with no overall figures for Wales available.[68]

The latest poll byYouGovwas held in March 2022. The poll asked 3,041 people in Wales for their views on the monarchy which showed that 55% support the monarchy whilst 28% would prefer an elected head of state (66.3% versus 33.7% excluding don't knows/ambivalent).[69]

An opinion poll by Omnisis in February 2022 showed 52% in favour of the monarchy and 48% against.[70]An opinion poll by Omnisis in May 2022 showed 57% supporting the monarchy and 43% against in Wales, but only had 42 people in Wales in the sample.[70][71][72]

Graphical summary[edit]

Table of public opinion in Wales on theMonarchy
Polling date Polling organisation and client Sample size Support the
monarchy 		Support an
elected
head of state 		Do not know Lead
3–15 March 2023 Lord Ashcroft[73] 659 54% 23% 23% 31%
17–23 February 2023 YouGov / WalesOnline[74] 1,083 52% 28% 11% 25%
March 2022 YouGov / Cardiff University[69] 3,041 55% 28% 17% 27%
November 2019 Focaldata / Unherd[75] 21,119 (UK)

(Wales not specified)

48% 25% 28% 23%
7–23 February 2019 ICM Unlimited / BBC Wales[76] 1,000 62% 18% 2% 44%
May 2018 DeltaPoll / Policy Exchange[77][78] 513 49% 18% 6% 31%
12–24 June 2009 Beaufort Research / BBC[79][80] 922 59% 29% - 30%
1999 Beaufort Research / BBC[81] 1,000 62% - - -

By age (2023)[74][edit]

Age group Support the
monarchy 		Support an
elected
head of state 		Do not know Lead
16–24 28% 20%
25–49 43% 28% 15%
50–64 61%
65+ 69% 20% 49%

Opinion polls on the title Prince of Wales in Wales[edit]

Date(s) conducted Polling organisation and client Sample size Support Oppose Undecided Other Lead Note
15–23 March 2023 Lord Ashcroft[73] 659 51% 32% 17% 19% "Some argue that the Prince and Princess of Wales have no real connection to Wales, and that the titles should be abolished. Others think it is a valuable"
20–22 September 2022[82] YouGov / Barn Cymru 1,014 66% 22% 12% – 44% Non-standard question:Do you support or oppose Prince William being titled Prince of Wales?
June 2022[83] YouGov / ITV – 46% 31% 23% – 15%
2019[84][85] ICM / BBC Wales – 50% 22% 28% – 28%
2018[86] YouGov / ITV Wales – 57% 22% 16% Neither: 5% 35%
12–24 June 2009[79][80] BBC 922 58% 26% – 42% 32%
1999[81] Beaufort Research / BBC Wales – 73% – – 27% 46% Opposition and don't knows not specified.

Non-standard sample:onlyWelsh speakersasked.

See also[edit]

Wales[edit]

Other[edit]

References[edit]

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