Westland Interceptor
| Westland Interceptor | |
|---|---|
| |
| Role | Fighter |
| National origin | United Kingdom |
| Manufacturer | Westland Aircraft |
| Designer | W.E.W. Petter |
| First flight | 1929 |
| Status | Retired |
| Number built | 1 |
TheWestland Interceptorwas afighterdeveloped by theBritishcompanyWestland AircrafttoAir Ministry SpecificationF.20/27.[1]When tested in 1929 and 1930, it showed unsatisfactory handling characteristics and was rejected by the RAF in favour of theHawker Furybiplane fighter.
Development
[edit]Specification F.20/27 was for a fighter operating in the daylight interception role. The main requirement was that the F.20/27 fighter would be able to overtake, in the shortest possible time, an enemy aircraft passing overhead at 150 mph (240 km/h) at an altitude of 20,000 feet (6,100 metres).[2]This put the emphasis on high speed and rate of climb.
Design work on the Interceptor started in late 1927, and it made its first flight in early 1929, with Lieutenant L. G. Paget at the controls.[3]The Interceptor was a low-wing monoplane with an all-metal structure and wire-braced wings, covered mostly in fabric with the exception of the front fuselage. It had a fixed undercarriage. The singleprototypewas powered by an uncowledBristol Mercury IIA,later replaced by a Mercury III. It was armed with two.303-inch (7.7-mm)Vickers Mk.IImachine guns, installed in the sides of the fuselage with the breeches within reach of the pilot. The guns weresynchronizedto fire through the propeller, and heated to improve their operation at high altitude. The RAF had intended to call for four-gun armament in Specification F.20/27, but after an administrative mix-up it was sent out to manufacturers calling for only two guns.[2]
The handling characteristics of the Interceptor have been described as "alarming."[4]In steep turns the elevator became ineffective, and the aircraft was prone to enter a spiral dive or aspinfrom such flight attitudes. The Mercury II engine suffered from persistent high oil temperatures. Test pilots gave a negative assessment of the Interceptor, causing it to be withdrawn from the F.20/27 competition.
The aircraft continued to fly until 1935, but no orders were placed. Significant aerodynamic modifications were made to improve the handling characteristics, including a considerable increase in the height of the fin and rudder, to improve spin recovery.[3]The troublesome Mercury engine was exchanged for aBristol Jupiter VII,and later fitted with aTownend ringto reduce drag.
The Interceptor and two of the competing F.20/27 designs, theVickers Jockeyandde Havilland DH.77,were historically important because they weremonoplanefighterprototypes, after a long period during which the standard fighter design was abiplane.However, all three were found lacking in overall performance and handling during the test flights, showing that theaircraft designershad failed to reach the project goal.[5]The F.20/27 competition was won by theHornet,which entered service under the nameHawker Fury.
Specifications
[edit]Data fromAirwar.[5]
General characteristics
- Length:25 ft 4 in (7.72 m)
- Wingspan:38 ft 0 in (11.58 m)
- Height:9 ft 8 in (2.95 m)
- Wing area:214 sq ft (19.9 m2)
- Empty weight:2,350 lb (1,066 kg)
- Max takeoff weight:3,325 lb (1,508 kg)
- Powerplant:1 ×Bristol Mercury IIA9-cylinder air-cooled radial piston engine, 440 hp (330 kW)
- Propellers:2-bladed fixed-pitch propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed:192 mph (309 km/h, 167 kn)
- Cruise speed:164 mph (264 km/h, 143 kn)
- Range:385 mi (620 km, 335 nmi)
Armament
- Guns:2x fixed forward firing.303 in(7.7 mm)Vickers machine guns
See also
[edit]Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Armstrong Whitworth Starling II
- Bristol Bulldog Mk.II
- de Havilland DH.77
- Fairey Firefly II
- Hawker Fury
- Saunders A.10
- Vickers Jockey
Related lists
References
[edit]
- ^"AGUSTAWESTLAND - Westland History - F 20/27 Interceptor (1928)".Retrieved16 January2009.
- ^abColin Sinnott,The Royal Air Force and Aircraft Design 1923-1939,Frank Cass publishing, UK 2001.
- ^abJames Goulding,Interceptor,Ian Allan Ltd., UK 1986.
- ^Tim Mason,British Flight Testing: Martlesham Heath 1920-1939,Putnam, UK 1993
- ^ab"Interceptor".Retrieved16 January2009.
Derek N James: "Westland Aircraft Since 1915"