Wikipedia:Notability (events)
 | This page documents an English Wikipedianotability guideline. Editors should generally follow it, thoughexceptionsmay apply. Substantive edits to this page should reflectconsensus.When in doubt, discuss first on thetalk page. |
 | This page in a nutshell:An event is presumed to be notable if it has lasting major consequences or affects a major geographical scope, or receives significant non-routine coverage that persists over a period of time. Coverage should be in multiple reliable sources with national or global scope. |
Within Wikipedia,notabilityis a test used by editors to decide whether a topic can have its own article. Thetopicof an article should benotable,or "worthy of notice"; that is, "significant, interesting, or unusual enough to deserve attention or to be recorded".[1]Notablein the sense of being "famous", or "popular" —although not irrelevant—is secondary.
This notability guideline foreventsreflectsconsensusreached through discussions and reinforced by established practice, and informs decisions on whether an article about past, current, and breaking news events should be written, merged, deleted or further developed.
Background[edit]
Article deletion discussionshave featured a number of contentious debates about events, particularly breaking news events, that have received intense media coverage. This guideline was formed with the intention of guiding editors in interpreting the various pre-existingpolicies and guidelinesthat apply to articles about events, includingWP:GNG(i.e. "a topic is presumed to have met the criteria for notability if it has received significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject" ) and its relationship toWP:NOT § NEWS(i.e. Wikipedia is not an indiscriminate collection of news material). By attempting to clarify the application of these rules to articles about events, this guideline reflects the community consensus regarding the handling of similarly situated articles.
Inclusion criteria[edit]
Wikipedia isnot a paper encyclopedia,which means that there is no practical limit to the number of topics we can cover or the total amount of content. However, it is alsonot an indiscriminate collection of informationor anews service.Wikinewsoffers a place where editors can document currentnewsevents, but not every incident that gains media coverage will have or should have a Wikipedia article. A rule of thumb for creating a Wikipedia article is whether the event is of lasting, historical significance, and the scope of reporting (national or global reporting is preferred).
Editors should bear in mindrecentism,the tendency for new and current matters to seem more important than they might seem in a few years time. Many events receive coverage in the news and yet are not of historic or lasting importance. News organizations have criteria for content, i.e.news values,that differ from the criteria used by Wikipedia and encyclopedias. A violent crime, accidental death, or othermedia eventmay be interesting enough to reporters and news editors to justify coverage, but this will not always translate into sufficient notability for a Wikipedia article.
- Events areprobably notableif they have enduring historical significance and meet thegeneral notability guideline,or if they have a significantlasting effect.
- Events are alsovery likely to be notableif they have widespread (national or international) impact and were very widely covered in diverse sources, especially if also re-analyzed afterwards (as described below).
- Events having lesser coverage or more limited scopemay or may not be notable;the descriptions below provide guidance to assess the event.
- Routine kinds of news events (including most crimes, accidents, deaths, celebrity or political news, "shock" news, stories lacking lasting value such as "water cooler stories," andviral phenomena) – whether or not tragic or widely reported at the time – are usuallynot notableunless something further gives them additional enduring significance.
In evaluating an event, editors should evaluate various aspects of the event and the coverage: the impact, depth, duration, geographical scope, diversity and reliability of the coverage, as well whether the coverage is routine. These factors are described below.
The event[edit]
Lasting effects[edit]
- An event that is a precedent or catalyst for something else of lasting significance is likely to be notable.
Events are often considered to be notable if they act as a precedent or catalyst for something else. This may include effects on the views and behaviors of society and legislation. For example, themurder of Adam Walshultimately led to theAdam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act,among other notable subjects.
Events that have a noted and sourced permanent effect of historical significance are likely to be notable. This includes, for example, natural disasters that result in widespread destruction, since they lead to rebuilding, population shifts, and possible impact on elections. For example,Hurricane Katrinaor the2004 Indian Ocean earthquakeare notable by these standards. A minor earthquake or storm with little or no impact on human populations is probably not notable.
It may take weeks or months to determine whether or not an event has a lasting effect. This does not, however, mean recent events with unproven lasting effect are automatically non-notable.
Geographical scope[edit]
- Notable events usually have significant impact over a wide region, domain, or widespread societal group.
An event affecting a local area and reported only by the media within the immediate region may not necessarily be notable. Coverage of an event nationally or internationally may make notability more likely, but such coverage should not be the sole basis for creating an article. However, events that have a demonstrable long-term impact on a significant region of the world or a significant widespread societal group are presumed to be notable enough for an article.
The coverage[edit]
Depth of coverage[edit]
- An event must receive significant or in-depth coverage to be notable.
The general guideline is that coverage must be significant and not in passing. In-depth coverage includes analysis that puts events into context, such as is often found in books, feature length articles in major news magazines (likeThe Guardian,Time,Newsweek,orThe Economist), and TV news specialty shows (such as60 MinutesorCNN Presentsin the US, orNewsnightin the UK). Reporting with little thematic connection or contextual information is often considered to be routine reporting.[2]Some editors considernarrative news reports to be primary sourcesrather than secondary sources.
Media sources sometimes report on events because of their similarity (or contrast, or comparison) to another widely reported incident. Editors should not rely on such sources to afford notability to the new event, since the main purpose of such articles is to highlight either theold eventor such types of eventsgenerally.
Duration of coverage[edit]
- Notable events usually receive coverage beyond a relatively short news cycle.
The duration of coverage is a strong indicator of whether an event has passing or lasting significance. Althoughnotability is not temporary,meaning that coverage does not need to be ongoing for notability to be established, a burst or spike of news reports does not automatically make an incident notable. Events that are only covered in sources published during or immediately after an event, without further analysis or discussion, are likely not suitable for an encyclopedia article. However, this may be difficult or impossible to determine shortly after the event occurs, as editorscannot knowwhether an event will receive further coverage or not. That an event occurred recently does not in itself make it non-notable.
If an event is cited as acase studyin multiple sources after the initial coverage has died down, this may be an indication of lasting significance.
Diversity of sources[edit]
- Significant national or international coverage is usually expected for an event to be notable. Wide-ranging reporting tends to show significance, but sources that simply mirror or tend to follow other sources, or are under common control with other sources, are usually discounted.
Wikipedia's general notability guidelinerecommends that multiple sources be provided to establish the notability of a topic, not just multiple references from a single source.[3]A series of news reports by a single newspaper or news channel would not be sufficient basis for an article.
Media channels under common control or influence are usually counted as one local or national outlet and a single instance of coverage when they report a matter, even if they have several regional or national outlets. Similarly, where a single story or press release is simply re-reported (often word-for-word) by news publications, or when reporters base their information on repeating news coverage from elsewhere (for example, "APreported that... "), this should only be counted as a single source for the purpose of determining notability (seeWikipedia:Bombardment). Derivative reports and reports under common control cannot be used to verify each other, nor does mere repetition necessarily show the kind of effort that is good evidence of a significant matter.
Other circumstances[edit]
Routine coverage[edit]
Per Wikipedia policy,routine news coverage of such things as announcements are not sufficient basis for an article. Planned coverage of scheduled events, especially when those involved in the event are also promoting it, is considered to be routine.[4]Wedding announcements, sports scores, crime logs, and other items that tend to get an exemption from newsworthiness discussions should be considered routine. Routine events such as sports matches, film premieres, press conferences etc. may be better covered as part of another article, if at all.Run-of-the-millevents—common, everyday, ordinary items that do not stand out—are probably not notable. This is especially true of the brief, often light and amusing (for example bear-in-a-tree or local-person-wins-award), stories that frequently appear in the back pages of newspapers or near the end of nightly news broadcasts ( "And finally"stories).
Sensationalism[edit]
Tabloidoryellow journalismis usually considered a poor basis for an encyclopedia article, due to the lack of fact checking inherent insensationalistandscandal mongeringnews reporting. Perpolicy,Wikipedia is not for scandal mongering or gossip. Even in respected media, a24-hour news cycleand other pressures inherent in the journalism industry can lead toinfotainmentandchurnalismwithout proper fact checking, and they may engage in frivolous "silly season"reporting. Some editors may take into account perceivedmedia bias,such asMissing white woman syndrome,when assessing notability. Note that this guideline applies to articles about a wide range of subjects beyond just events including articles aboutliving people,celebrities,andfringe ideas.
Criminal acts[edit]
Articles about criminal acts,[5]particularly those that fall within the category of "breaking news", are frequently the subject of deletion discussions. As with other events, media coverage can confer notability on a high-profile criminal act, provided such coverage meets the above guidelines and those regardingreliable sources.
The disappearance of a person would fall under this guideline if law enforcement agencies deemed it likely to have been caused by criminal conduct, regardless of whether a perpetrator is identified or charged. If a matter is deemed notable, and to be a likely crime, the article should remain even if it is subsequently found that no crime occurred (e.g., theRunaway bride case) since that would not make the matter less notable.
People notable for only one event[edit]
People known only in connection with one event should generally not have an article written about them. If the event is notable, then an article usually should be written about the event instead.
Future events[edit]
All articles about anticipated events must beverifiable,and the subject matter must be of sufficiently wide interest that it would merit an article if the event had already occurred. Individual scheduled or expected future events should be included only if the event is notable and almost certain to take place. Dates arenot definiteuntil the event actually takes place, as even notable events can be cancelled or postponed at the last minute by a major incident. If preparation for the event is not already in progress, speculation about it must be well documented. Such articles are not appropriate if nothing can be said about the event that is verifiable and notoriginal research.
Breaking news[edit]
If an event is still being widely covered in the press, editors may place the{{currentevent}}template on it to inform readers of the changing nature of the article.
Don't rush to create articles[edit]
It is wise to delay writing an article about a breaking news event until the significance of the event is clearer as early coverage may lack perspective and be subject to factual errors. Writing about breaking news may berecentism,andWikipedia is not a crystal ball.It is recommended that editors start a section about the event within an existing article on a related topic if possible, which may later be split into its own article if the coverage suggests that the event is independently notable.
Many articles on events are created inanticipationof their notability. Anticipation is the creation of an article on a recent event with the expectation that it will meet inclusion guidelines, before the duration of coverage or any lasting effect is certain. For example,June 2009 Washington Metro train collisionwas started just 60 minutes after the crash occurred. The rescue operation was still ongoing, an investigation was yet to begin, and the final death toll was unknown.
Anticipation of notability may be mistaken. Many events portrayed by the media as major on the day they occur quickly become only a footnote. For example, it was reported in January 2009 thata man was planning to travel to Washington to assassinate George W. Bush.It was reported several days later that he had no such plans and this event was shown to be nothing more than aroutine arrest.However, articles about widely reported major unexpected or unprecedented events such as the2004 Indian Ocean earthquake,theAssassination of Benazir Bhuttoor theDeath of Michael Jacksonwill almost certainly gain consensus to be kept even when created on the same day as the event occurred.
Don't rush to delete articles[edit]
Articles about breaking news events are often rapidly nominated for deletion. Asthere is no deadline,it is recommended to delay the nomination for a few days to avoid the deletion debate dealing with a moving target and to allow time for a clearer picture of the notability of the event to emerge, which may make a deletion nomination unnecessary. Deletion discussions while events are still hot news items rarely result in consensus to delete. There may bealternatives to deletion,such as merging or reworking the article so that it conforms with policy, for example, by rewriting an article about a person known only for one event to be about the event. Other alternatives to deletion while the story develops areuserfyingor incubating the article indraftspace.
Wikinews[edit]
Editors are welcome to write about news events inWikinewsas well as in Wikipedia.
Moving a page to Wikinews is not possible as this would re-license it under theCC-BYlicense, which is incompatible withCC-BY-SA,but the content could be reworked from the original sources for Wikinews with asoft redirectfrom Wikipedia. Conversely, Wikinews content can be freely incorporated into Wikipedia.
Alternatives to deletion[edit]
If the notability of an event is in question but it is primarily associated with a particular person, company or organization, or can be covered as part of a wider topic, it may preferable to describe the event within a preexisting article, bymergingcontent. Care should be taken not to give the eventundue weightor violate our policy onbiographies of living persons.
If there is no suitable target for merging, a solution may be to rework the article to widen its context beyond a single event.
See also[edit]
- Wikipedia:Deletion policy
- Category:Events,a category which may be a guide to the kind of articles about events considered acceptable by the community
- Wikipedia:Arguments to avoid in deletion discussions#It's in the news
- User:Dlugar/WP:NOTANTINEWS
- Wikipedia:Big events make key participants notable
- Wikipedia:Future event
- Wikipedia:Wikipedia is not a newspaper
- Wikipedia:News coverage does not decrease notability
- Wikipedia:News articles
- Wikipedia:Recentism
- Don't create an article on a news story covered in 109 newspapers
- Wikipedia:AIRCRASH,a proposal for notability of aircraft disasters.
- Wikipedia:In the news
- Wikipedia:Let the dust settle
- Wikipedia:Naming conventions (events)
- Wikipedia:Notability (people)
- Wikipedia: "Murder of" articles
- Wikipedia:Reactions to... articles,essay on articles on "International reactions" to events
- Wikipedia:Notability (weather)(Specific notability essay for weather events)
Notes[edit]
- ^Encarta dictionary definitionRetrieved 13 March 2008
- ^Jaeho Cho; Michael P. Boyle; Heejo Keum; Mark D. Shevy; Douglas M. Mcleod; Dhavan V. Shah; Zhongdang Pan (September 2003). "Media, Terrorism, and Emotionality: Emotional Differences in Media Content and Public Reactions to the September 11th Terrorist Attacks".Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media.47(3): 309–327.doi:10.1207/s15506878jobem4703_1.S2CID143887217.
- ^FromWP:GNG:"Lack of multiple sources suggests that the topic may be more suitable for inclusion in an article on a broader topic. Mere republications of a single source or news wire service do not always constitute multiple works. Several journals simultaneously publishing articles in the same geographic region about an occurrence, does not always constitute multiple works, especially when the authors are relying on the same sources, and merely restating the same information. Specifically, several journals publishing the same article within the same geographic region from a news wire service is not a multiplicity of works."
- ^Molotch, Harvey;Lester, Marilyn (February 1974)."News as Purposive Behavior: On the Strategic Use of Routine Events, Accidents, and Scandals".American Sociological Review.39(1): 101–112.doi:10.2307/2094279.ISBN9780761900764.JSTOR2094279.
- ^A "criminal act" includes a matter in which a crime has been established, or a matter has been deemed a likely crime by the relevant law enforcement agency or judicial authority.