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Wong Shun-leung

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In thisChinese name,thefamily nameisWong.
Wong Shun-leung
Born(1935-05-08)8 May 1935, ( nông lịch ) ngũ nguyệt bát
British Hong Kong
Died28 January 1997(1997-01-28)(aged 61)
British Hong Kong
Stroke
Native nameHoàng thuần lương
Other namesKing of Talking Hands ( giảng thủ vương )
ResidenceBritish Hong Kong
StyleChinese martial arts
Wing Chun
Teacher(s)Ip Man
RankGrandmaster
SpouseChow Man-fong
ChildrenWong Hong-chung
Notable studentsBarry Lee,Philip Ng,Stephen Chow,Wan Kam-leung,Philipp Bayer,Bruce Lee
Wikiquote has quotations related toWong Shun-leung.

Wong Shun-leung(Chinese:Hoàng thuần lương;pinyin:Huang Chunliáng;Jyutping:Wong4 Seon4-loeng4;8 May 1935 – 28 January 1997)[a]was aHong Kongmartial artist who studiedWing Chunkung fuunderYip Man( diệp vấn )[1]and was credited with trainingBruce Lee.[2][3][4][5][6]In interviews, Wong claimed to have won at least 60, and perhaps over 100, street fights against martial artists of various styles, though these numbers cannot be independently confirmed.[3][7][8][9][10]Due to his reputation, his students and admirers referred to him as 'Gong Sau Wong' ( giảng thủ vương or 'King of Talking Hands').[3][8][11][12][13]Wong recorded one instructional film entitledWing Chun: The science of in-fighting.[14][15]

Early martial arts training

[edit]

Wong reportedly trained in several martial art styles in his youth, primarily inTai Chiand eitherboxingorkickboxing.[2][7][11][16]He abandoned boxing because of two incidents: one with his boxing coach and one with Ip Man.[16]The first incident apparently occurred because Wong accidentally struck his boxing coach during sparring. The angry coach attacked in earnest, only to be eventually knocked out by Wong; the incident caused Wong to leave boxing.[16][17]In another account, however, Wong said he had defeated his boxing coach with wing chun techniques: "I was sparring with my instructor and I hit him very hard, he got real mad and came at me very hard. I fought back with wing chun and he ended up bleeding. Boxing was over for me!"[5]

First encounter with Ip Man

[edit]

The second incident came about from Wong's fascination with the stories of legendary wing chun figures, such asChan Wah-shun( trần hoa thuận ) andLeung Jan( lương tán ). This interest led Wong to look for a wing chun teacher. Friends of his older brother took him to meet Ip Man. According to one version of events, after defeating at least two of Yip's students, Wong had a match with Yip himself and was defeated easily.[11][16][17]Another version is that after Wong faced Lo Man-kam, later Yip Po-ching dealt with Wong.[1]In any case, Wong joined the wing chun group and eventually came to assist Yip with teaching,[11]with students including Bruce Lee.[citation needed]

Behind the scenes teacher of Bruce Lee

[edit]

GrandmasterIp Manonce spoke to Wong after Lee achieved superstardom"Như quả một hữu nhĩ đích đa phương cổ lệ hòa chỉ đạo, lý tiểu long đoạn vô kim nhật đích thành tựu"(Without your guidance and encouragement, Bruce Lee wouldn't be having such achievement ").[18][19] [check quotation syntax] Bruce Lee once wrote in a letter to Wong, "Even though I am (technically) a student of Ip Man, in reality I learned my Kung-fu from you."[3]Wong was believed to have carried the letter in his wallet.[2]Perhaps the best-known letter from Lee to Wong is that of 11 January 1970,[20]which has been translated into English as an appendix to an article by Wong.[21]

In 1970 Bruce Lee wrote a letter in Chinese to Wong Shun-leung:[22]

Thuần lương huynh,
Ngận cửu một hữu thông tín nhĩ hảo mạ? Thiệu tại dũng (Alan Chaw) tòng gia nã đại lai tín, hữu vấn cập nhĩ tá ngã dụng đích 8mm điện ảnh, ngã chân thị thập phân đạo khiểm, nhân vi đa thứ bàn ốc dĩ di thất, bổn lai thị ngận ma háo đích liễu, cố chi ngận thiếu dụng nhi thất liễu, thập phân bão khiểm.
Ngã tại BEL-AIR mãi liễu nhất tân ốc, hữu bán anh mẫu đại, ngận đa thụ thị mục tràng phong cách, tại sơn đỉnh thượng cận Beverly Hills. Tái giả, trừ liễu ngã đích nhi tử Brandon ngoại, ngã hữu nhất vị thất cá bán nguyệt đại đích nữ nhi Shannon. Nhĩ hữu tái kết hôn mạ? Thỉnh đại vấn hầu nhĩ đích tỷ muội.
Cận lai ngã tổ chức liễu nhất gian chế phiến công tư, thả tả liễu nhất bổn "Silent Flute" cố sự, do James Coburn hòa ngã chủ diễn, Stirling Silliphant biên kịch, tha thị kim tượng danh tác gia In the Heart of the night, ngã môn dự bị tác đệ nhất thứ hà lý hoạt võ hiệp phiến ngận hữu thành kỳ vọng, đại ước lục nguyệt tả hữu khai kính, sở hữu hợp tác đích quân thị tòng ngã học tập đích, tương lai Steve Mc Queen khả năng hựu hữu hợp tác, ngã đối ô giá trù hoa vạn nhị phân hưng phấn.
Chí ô võ đạo phương diện, ngã nhưng nhiên thị nhật nhật tu tập, dữ nhất ban đồ đệ hòa bằng hữu mỗi tinh kỳ lưỡng thứ, vô sở vị thị tây dương quyền, thải quyền đạo hoặc suất giác, phái biệt thị vô sở vị, chỉ yếu hòa hòa khí khí bất yếu phản diện hĩ. Tự tòng 66 niên khai thủy nhận chân khứ luyện tập hậu, giác đắc dĩ tiền đích thiên kiến thị thác liễu, nhân thử cải khiếu ngã đích tâm đắc luyện xuất đích vi tiệt quyền đạo, tiệt quyền đạo chỉ thị danh xưng hĩ, chí khẩn yếu hoàn thị bất yếu khứ cục bộ thiên kiến nhi luyện, đương nhiên ngã thị nhật nhật luyện tẩu, tu tập công cụ, nhật nhật yếu đề cao cơ bổn điều kiện. Quyền lý tuy thị yếu khẩn, hiện thật đích hoàn thị trọng yếu, lưỡng giả tuy nhu yếu. Ngã thị cảm tạ nhĩ hòa sư phụ tại cảng thời đa đa chỉ đạo ngã vịnh xuân môn kính, kỳ thật thị đa đắc nhĩ sử ngã đa khứ tẩu hiện thật lộ, do kỳ thị tại mỹ quốc đích tây dương quyền gia, ngã dã đa hòa tha môn luyện, ngận đa sở vị "Vịnh xuân danh gia", ngã hi vọng tha môn bất yếu tự tác dũng vi khứ hòa tha môn đả!
Ngã khả năng hội hồi cảng nhất hành, hi vọng nhĩ hoàn thị trụ cựu chỉ, tri giao bằng hữu ngã môn yếu đa tự thủ, đàm đàm vãng sự, chân thị hà bất nhạc vi? Kiến đáo diệp sư phụ thỉnh đại vấn hầu.
Chúc
Du khoái
BruceLee
Ô 1970 niên 1 nguyệt 11 nhật[23][24]

(English translation)
Dear Shun-leung, 11 January 1970

It has been a long time since I last wrote to you. How are you? Alan Shaw's letter from Canada asks me to lend you my 8mm film. I am sorry about that. It is because I have lost it when I moved my home. That film is already very old and I seldom use it, so I have lost it. I am sorry for it. Now I have bought a house in Bel-Air. It is about half an acre. There are many trees. It has the taste of a range. It is located on a hill top near Beverly Hills. Moreover, besides my son Brandon, I have had a daughter, Shannon, who is seven months old now. Have you re-married? Please send my regards to your sisters. Recently, I have organised a film production company. I have also written a story "The Silent Flute". James Coburn and I will act in it. Stirling Silliphant is the screen-play writer. He is a famous screen-play writer (In the Heat of the Night). We plan to make the first fighting film in Hollywood. The prospect is good. About six months later, the filming work will begin. All who participate in this film are my followers. In the future, Steve McQueen may also work together with me.

I am very excited about this plan. As to martial arts, I still practice daily. I meet my students and friends twice a week. No matter they are western boxer, Taekwondo learner or wrestler, I will meet them as long as they are friendly and will not get angry. Since I started to practice realistically in 1966 (Protectors, gloves, etc.), I feel that I had many prejudices before, and they are wrong. So I change the name of the gist of my study to Jeet-kune-do. Jeet-kune-do is only a name. The most important thing is to avoid having bias in the training. Of course, I run everyday, I practice my instruments (punch, kick, throw, etc.). I have to improve my fundamentals daily. Although the principle of boxing is important, practicality is even more important. I thank you and Master for teaching me the ways of Wing Chun in Hong Kong. Actually, I have to thank you for leading me to walk on a practical road. Especially in the States, there are western boxers, I often practise with them too. There are many so-called masters in Wing Chun here, I really hope that they will not be so arrogant as to fight with those western boxers.

I may make a trip to Hong Kong. I hope that you will live in the same place. We are intimate friends, we need to meet more and chat about our past days. That will be a lot of fun? When you see Master Yip, please send my regard to him. Happiness be with you!

Bruce Lee,1970

Official recognition by China in 1996 as Science of Ving Tsun Kung Fu

[edit]

In October 1996, National Sports Administration of China invited Wong Shun-leung (together with 12 students) to Beijing to teach and to promote Wong's Ving Tsun to the Chinese peoples, the seminar turn out very successful with nearly 200 registered participants and among them were martial arts experts, enthusiast, police and army individuals. After the weeklong training with Wong and Wong's students, both organizer and participants unanimously acknowledged that Wong's Ving Tsun is not just an ordinary fighting skill but something deep, significant and highly effective, since then Wong's fighting system became known as vịnh xuân quyền học in Chinese, Ving Tsun Kuen Hok in Cantonese of Hong Kong and Science of Ving Tsun Kung Fu in English,[25]today WSLVT (Wong Shun Leung Ving Tsun) is widespread in mainland China and worldwide.[26][27]

Fighting career

[edit]

Beimo( bỉ võ ) competition

[edit]

According to Wong and his students, he became active inbeimo( bỉ võ ): semi-organized bare-knuckle challenge fights in Hong Kong (sometimes known as 'kung fu elimination contests').[28]Supposedly there were no rules, protective equipment, or time limits.[3]As Wong recalled in an interview, "When I competed, it was in secret. We went into a room, and the door was shut and there were no rules. The government did not allow them. They were illegal, but we didn't care. We fought until the other guy was knocked out."[7]Beimocompetitions were believed to be held anywhere that was found to be convenient. Somebeimocompetitions were held on the streets in Hong Kong.[29][30]

According to Yuen Yim-keung, there were three two-minute rounds with a one-minute rest in between. The ring was five meters in diameter, which was drawn in chalk, and as a result if the opponent went out of the ring more than three times he would be announced as the loser. There were also no attacks to the eyes, throat or groin, but everything else could be applied. Also if there was excessive blood loss, then the injured fighter would be announced as the loser.[31]

In the early 1950s, compared to other kung fu styles, wing chun was hardly known.[32]It was a style of kung fu practiced by a minority—mostly members of the Association of Restaurant Workers of Hong Kong.[33]Different kung fu schools met secretly with each other for challenge matches. Wong was said to have faced opponents from many disciplines— "virtually every style of martial art in the colony."[16]He defeated many opponents inbeimomatches in Hong Kong between the ages of 17 and 32, and his reputation grew as he continued winning these matches.[2]Some have attributed wing chun's fame in Hong Kong to Wong'sbeimoreputation.[10]

Students from different schools sometimes visited each other's schools and issued challenge to their top students and instructors. If a student was able to beat the main teacher or master of a particular school, the school would close down.[4]According to some of Yip's first-generation students, Wong "reputedly 'closed down' quite a number of schools in that way."[4]Reportedly, Wong won most of these contests within a few punches.[3][14][34]Wong's prowess inbeimohelped him convince his secondary school classmate, Wu Chan-nam, to become his first student—Wu witnessed his win in abeimomatch.[35]In addition, he encouraged his junior fellow students and his own students to compete inbeimocompetitions and arranged matches for them.[10]According to Yuen Yim-keung ( viên viêm cường ), Wong's student, Wong stopped arranging these matches because "his students were defeating not only other Kung Fu styles but also other students of Ving Tsun outside of the Wong Shun-leung family."[10]Wong also reportedly had abeimomatch with a much bigger Russian boxer called Giko.[3][16]John Smith (a student of one of Wong's students),[36]reports that Wong defeated Giko,[37]and that Wong himself told Smith how he was able to achieve this victory.[37]

Wong was believed to have had over 60, and perhaps over 100,beimomatches and never lost.[7][9][10][11]This reputation earned him the name 'Gong Sau Wong' (i.e., 'King of Talking Hands').[11][12][13]Once asked if he was the best fighter in the world, he replied, "No, only the second best"; when then asked who was the best, he said, "I have not met him yet."[2]

Retirement frombeimocompetition

[edit]

In what was to be Wong's lastbeimomatch, he unintentionally blinded his opponent's eye; he then decided to quitbeimofighting.[38]Lee Hang-cheong ( lý hằng xương ), one of Wong's students, recalled that Wong had insulted his intended opponent (apparently a well-known kung fu instructor) to coerce him to fight, but regretted both instigating the fight and accidentally blinding the other man in one eye.[39]There is a discrepancy between Lee's account and others about Wong's age when he retired frombeimocompetition. A few sources claim that Wong competed inbeimountil the age of 32.[2][3][14]Lee, however, said that Wong was around the age of 24.[39]

Another view is that Wong's lastbeimomatch was actually a different kind of incident. Inbeimocompetition, according to Yuen Yim-keung, "There were also no attacks to the eyes, throat or groin, but everything else could be applied."[10]Yuen also said that there were three two-minute rounds in abeimomatch.[10]In contrast, others have said that there were no rules and no time limits.[2][3][14]Moreover, some question whether or not a referee was present. When Wu Chan Nam fought in abeimomatch, there was a referee present—Wong Kiu.[40]According toLife and Legend of Bruce Lee,there was always supposed to be a referee present at abeimomatch, as Wong re-enacted the scene of a 1950sbeimomatch on a rooftop and played the role of the referee.[41]

Other competitions

[edit]

On 22 November 1957, the inaugural Taiwan–Hong Kong–Macau Open Chinese Kung Fu Competition ( đài cảng úc quốc thuật bỉ tái ) was held in Taiwan. Thirty-two competitors from Hong Kong and Macau formed a team and participated in this competition,[42]but only two Hong Kong competitors scored a victory.[43]Wong competed in his weight class and had a preliminary match with Wu Ming Jeet ( ngô minh triết ), a Taiwanese fighter known for his powerful kicks, but was knocked out and eliminated.[42]A documentary film covering the competition was played in Hong Kong, with a first-day showing on 12 February 1958.[42]In 1974, Unicorn Chan ( tiểu kỳ lân ) recalled that it was in 1958 when Bruce Lee took him to watch a documentary film on kung fu competitions, and that Lee had watched it seven times before within the last four days.[42]

Wong once defeated afencingchampion on television with his wing chunbutterfly knives.[44]Gary Lam recounted that "several years ago my Sifu, the late Wong Shun-leung, sparred with a champion western fencer on television. Wong easily beat the fencer, and when the fencer complained Wong had an unfair advantage with two swords, Wong offered him a second blade and beat him again."[44]

Wan Kam-leung( ôn giam lương ) witnessed the fight Wong fought with Bruce Lee when Lee returned to Hong Kong from the United States.[45]It took place at Lee's home in Kowloon Tong. Wong claimed that his hands were faster acting than Lee's, however Bruce retaliated by saying his kicks were much faster, thus provoking the friendly scuffle. Wan commented that Lee's kicks were fast and powerful whilst Wong's wing chun hand techniques were modified and practical. Wong and Lee only fought for a short period of time.[45]

Ip Man Kwoon's new Jeung-Mun-Yan

[edit]

1970sKung fumagazine17th issue "Who succeed the Jeung-Mun-Yan of Wing Chun" (Chinese: Hương cảng 《 đương đại võ đàn 》 đệ 17 kỳ 《 thùy kế thừa vịnh xuân chưởng môn chi vị 》) published in Hong Kong, in December 1972 after Grandmaster Ip Man died, students of Yip found themselves without a leader,Ip Chun,Leung Sheung,Lok Yiu,Chu Shong-tin,Jiu Wan, Wong Shun-leung, Tang Sang and Bruce Lee among the candidates to succeed Yip, after 6 months of debates, Ip Chun and students of Yip officially appointed Wong as the new Jeung-Mun-Yan (president) of Wing Chun (Chinese: Hương cảng vịnh xuân thể dục hội chủ tịch ).[46][47]

Filmography

[edit]

Enter the Dragon

[edit]

Some sources claim that Wong choreographed some fight scenes inEnter the Dragon( long tranh hổ đấu ), saying that "... when shootingEnter the Dragonin Hong Kong, he [Bruce Lee] invited Wong to come on location to discuss the fight scenes "[3]and that "Wong in fact had been invited to choreograph some of the fight scenes inEnter the Dragon."[9]The documentaryDragon since 1973consists of interviews with various Hong Kong personalities, mostly those who worked with Lee in hisGolden Harvestdays. None of the interviewees, including Bee Chan ( trần hội nghị; one of Lee's most trusted assistants),Shek Kin( thạch kiên ), and Chaplin Chang ( trương khâm bằng ), mentioned that Wong had been invited to work as a fight scene choreographer forEnter the Dragon.[48]

A photograph of Wong, Lee, andRaymond Chow( trâu văn hoài ) on one of the sets ofEnter the Dragon(the weapon room) implies that Wong was present during filming.[9][17]Wong appears in the same clothing in that photograph as he wears in the footage of himself sparring with an extra on that particular set,[49]and thus could have been from the time when Wong attended a screen test forGame of Death,as described below.

Game of Death

[edit]

Wong received an invitation to appear inGame of Death( tử vong du hí ), but declined. He was scheduled to attend a screen test on the set ofEnter the Dragonafter Bruce Lee had finished shooting the film and was working on dubbing. Lee returned to Hong Kong from his last trip to the United States of America in late May 1973.[42]Thus, Wong would have attended the screen test sometime in June 1973.[49]Wong recalled, "About two months before he (Bruce Lee) died he gave me a phone call... After this he left Hong Kong to settle his film business. When he came back, he called me up and wanted me to participate in the making ofGame of Death.He had also invited me to the studio to attend a screen test. I did not promise to act in the film, yet I still went to attend the screen test to please him. "[50]In a 1986 interview, Wong said, "I told him (Bruce Lee) that I didn't want to go and die in my first movie!... I wasn't in dire financial straits at the time, so I didn't have to do the film (just) to make money."[3]The role of Lee's final opponent was thus played by basketball starKareem Abdul-Jabbar.[3]In another interview, Wong said, "It was forGame of Death,but I declined because I thought that the moves of Wing Chun style wouldn’t look good on film. I think the Wing Chun method is ugly for movies but very good and very logical for real fighting. "[5]

Later film work

[edit]

In 1973, shortly after Bruce Lee's death, Wong acted inLife and Legend of Bruce Lee.In this Chinese film, Wong played the role of himself, an instructor at Ip Man's wing chun school who first met a teenager named Lee in the 1950s.[41]In the 1993 documentary filmDeath by Misadventure,Wong talked about his experiences with Lee.[51]He also starred in a training video, entitledWing Chun: the Science of In-fighting,which was produced in the early 1980s.[14][15]

Secret matches

[edit]

Wu and Wong's match in the 1957 kung fu competition in Taiwan is the only documented proof of Wong's involvement in fighting competition; the only records of Wong'sbeimomatches are from eyewitnesses. Sincebeimocompetition was held secretly, the loser often denied involvement in the fight afterward, or both sides would claim victory after the fight. For example, in the match between Ni Yuk Tong ( nghê ốc đường ) and Wong, various accounts of the fight exist, and no one is sure of where the fight took place, how the fighters performed, and who won.[42]Thus, while many of Wong's students have referred to him as "one of the greatest fighters of this century"[13](i.e., the 20th century), those outside the Wing Chun community could doubt the claim's authenticity.

Wong's participation in, and views on, tournaments reflected his philosophy on martial arts. When asked, "Did you compete in any organized tournaments with rules?" Wong replied, "Not in boxing. When I competed, it was in secret. We went into a room, and the door was shut and there were no rules. The government did not allow them. They were illegal, but we didn't care. We fought until the other guy was knocked out."[7]When asked, "Did you ever consider competing in combat sports?" Wong replied, "I have always liked boxing, I like anything about fighting, but my kind of fighting is not the sport version, it is real fighting where there are no rules."[5]

Students of WSL

[edit]

Students of Wong Shun-leung include:[52]


Death

[edit]

On 12 January 1997, Wong had been playing few games of cards and Mahjong with a group of friends at the Ving Tsun Athletic Association, when he complained of feeling unwell. Soon afterwards he suffered a stroke, collapsed and went into a coma. Wong died on 28 January 1997 at the age of 61 years old.

[edit]

He was portrayed byChapman Toin the 1999 filmWhat You Gonna Do, Sai Fung?(a.k.a.1959 mỗ nhật mỗ).

He was portrayed by Eric Chen in the 2008 Chinese dramaThe Legend of Bruce Lee.

He was portrayed byHuang Xiaomingin the 2010 filmIp Man 2.

He was portrayed byWu Yuein the 2010 filmBruce Lee, My Brother.

Notes

[edit]
  • a.^Wong's date of birth is given as 8 May 1935 by Philipp Bayer (one of his students) and Roy Horan (in an article forBlack Belt magazinein 1983),.[17][65]Other sources give his date of birth as 8 June 1935.[66][67]The discrepancy is attributed to Wong's date of birth under the lunar calendar, i.e., the 8th day of the 5th lunar month.

References

[edit]
  1. ^abVing Tsun Athletic Association (1990):The development of Ving Tsun Kungfu in Hong Kong: 1954-1960Retrieved on 24 June 2009.
  2. ^abcdefgCastrounis, L. (1997):Wong Shun Leung (1936–1997)(sic). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  3. ^abcdefghijklPeterson, D.:Wong Shun Leung: The Legend behind the Legend; Recalling the life of Bruce Lee's teacherRetrieved on 25 June 2009.
  4. ^abcMontaigue, E.:Interview with Wong Shun LeungRetrieved on 6 July 2009.
  5. ^abcdVing Tsun Update: Interview with Wong Shun LeungRetrieved on 6 July 2009.
  6. ^"Who taught Bruce Lee kung fu? He was born to be a fighter, but the martial arts superstar also trained with the best".South China Morning Post.25 July 2018.Retrieved14 February2023.Although Lee studied wing chun at Ip's school, he was mainly taught by Wong Shun-leung, as Ip himself only taught advanced students, not beginners. Lee quickly became devoted to wing chun and practised diligently.
  7. ^abcdePoon, D.:Interview with Wong Shun Leung(originally published inQi Magazine). Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  8. ^abPeterson, D. (2001):Wong Shun Leung Ving Tsun Gung Fu: A scientific approach to combat(originally published inFight Times,October 2001, New Zealand). Retrieved 15 March 2009.
  9. ^abcdWong Shun Leung Ving Tsun Kung Fu Association UKRetrieved on 4 July 2009.
  10. ^abcdefgSmith, J. (16 November 2006):Yesteryear Ving Tsun by Yuen Yim Keung(interview). Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  11. ^abcdefNg Family Martial Arts: Wong Shun Leung 1935–1997Retrieved on 6 July 2009.
  12. ^abPeterson, D., & Verratti, E. (1998):Ving Tsun by definition: Getting it right... the "Wong Way"!!!(originally published inMartial arts legends: Wing Chun,November 1998, USA). Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  13. ^abcPeterson, D. (2001):Get out of the way,... and make them pay: The street-effective footwork of Wing Chun(originally published inFight Times,December 2001 and January 2002, New Zealand). Retrieved 6 July 2009.
  14. ^abcdeAnonymous (2003):Wong Shun LeungRetrieved on 4 July 2008.
  15. ^abAmiran B,Wing Chun The Science of In-Fighting – Wong Shun Leung!,retrieved10 February2019
  16. ^abcdefPeterson, D. (1990):Wong Shun Leung: Wing Chun personified(originally published inInside Kung Fu,vol. 18, no. 2). Retrieved 25 June 2009.
  17. ^abcdBayer, P.:Ving Tsun Update: Wong Shun LeungRetrieved on 25 June 2009.
  18. ^"Hoàng thuần lương thị như hà ảnh hưởng lý tiểu long thật chiến lý niệm đích".
  19. ^"Hoàng thuần lương thị như hà ảnh hưởng lý tiểu long thật chiến lý niệm đích".
  20. ^Lee, B. (1970):Bruce Lee's letter to Wong Shun-leung on 11 January 1970(scan). Retrieved 4 July 2009.
  21. ^Wong, S. L.:Wong Shun Leung and His Friendship with Bruce LeeRetrieved on 4 July 2009.
  22. ^"Wong Shun Leung-The man who trained Bruce Lee under Grand Master Ip Man".
  23. ^"【 tâm trung đích long 】 lý tiểu long đương niên tả cấp sư huynh hoàng thuần lương đích nhất phong trung văn tín ( hữu đồ )".
  24. ^"Đương niên lý tiểu long tả cấp hoàng thuần lương đích thân bút tín kiện _ trường xuân vịnh xuân quyền ba _ bách độ thiếp ba".
  25. ^"What is Wong Shun Leung Wing Chun?".Combatscience101.com.Archived fromthe originalon 3 October 2016.
  26. ^"Hoàng thuần lương dữ đồ trần kiệm văn 1996 tại bắc kinh truyện thụ vịnh xuân quyền phiến đoạn".
  27. ^"Trung quốc vịnh xuân quyền học tổng hội".
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  46. ^"Hoàng thuần lương vịnh xuân quyền học tông sư".
  47. ^"Vịnh xuân quyền học đại sư hoàng thuần lương đích võ thuật sinh nhai".
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  51. ^IMDb: Death by MisadventureRetrieved on 8 July 2009.
  52. ^"The Wing Chun Archive Dedicated to Wong Shun Leung".
  53. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuv"List of Students of Wong Shun Leung".
  54. ^Reale, Attilio (21 September 2018)."Ving Tsun Kung Fu by Attilio Reale".school-of-balance.de.
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