Yao Tongbin
Yao Tongbin | |
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| Born | Yao Tongbin September 3, 1922 |
| Died | June 8, 1968(aged 45) |
| Alma mater | |
| Awards | Two Bombs, One Satellite Meritorious Award |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Metallurgy |
| Institutions | Royal School of Mines RWTH Aachen University |
| Academic advisors | Eugen Piwowarsky |
Yao Tongbin(Chinese:Diêu đồng bân;September 3, 1922 – June 8, 1968) was a Chinese scientist and one of China's foremost missile engineers. He was beaten to death during theCultural Revolutionin 1968. In 1999, he was posthumously awarded theTwo Bombs, One SatelliteMeritorious Award, and officially recognized as a "martyr" within China.
Early life and education
[edit]Yao was born inWuxi,Jiangsu Province.He graduated from the department of metallurgy of National Tangshan Engineering College, nowSouthwest Jiaotong Universityin July 1945, and obtained a doctorate of foundry engineering fromUniversity of Birminghamin UK in 1951. In June 1953, Yao earned a Diploma in Metallurgy from theRoyal School of Mines,Imperial College London.At the invitation ofEugen Piwowarskyfrom theRWTH Aachen University,he moved toWest Germanyin early 1954 and worked at Aachen as a research assistant at what was then the Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy.
Career
[edit]After returning to China in September 1957, Yao served in theFifth Academyof the Ministry of National Defense, headed byQian Xuesen.He helped found the Institute of Materials and Technology (later affiliated to theSeventh Ministry of Machine Building) and became the director.
Murder
[edit]After the eruption of theCultural Revolution,the young engineer Ye Zhengguang overthrew the Seventh Ministry leadership and removed MinisterWang Bingzhangand Vice MinisterQian Xuesen.
Within the Seventh Ministry, two mass factions, labeled as "915" and "916" respectively, appeared in September 1966. Whereas Faction 915 comprised mainly administrative office staff members and blue collar workers and was regarded as the "conservative" faction, Faction 916 primarily consisted of scientists, engineers, and technicians and was regarded as the"rebel" faction.[1]The differences in opinion between the two factions soon escalated into warfare, spreading from the Third Academy to the First Academy and then throughout the entire Seventh Ministry. On June 8, 1968, Yao Tongbin, who was part of Faction 916, was beaten to death at his own home by members of Faction 915.[2]
Legacy
[edit]After this loss of one of China's foremost missile engineers,Zhou Enlaiorderedspecial protectionfor key technical experts.[3]
After the end of the Cultural Revolution, the two perpetrators were sentenced in 1979 to 15 years and 12 years in prison for the murder of Yao.
Because of his significant contribution to China's astronautical materials and technology, Yao was posthumously awarded theTwo Bombs, One SatelliteMeritorious Award in 1999 by Chinese government, over three decades after his murder.
References
[edit]- ^"Dương quốc vũ: Tương quân quân quản nhật ký ( 1967—1969 ) _ bán thiên hồng văn hóa".www.bantianhong.com.Retrieved2022-04-22.
- ^Li, Chengzhi; Zhang, Dehui; Hu, Danian (2 Aug 2017)."Making Breakthroughs in the Turbulent Decade: China's Space Technology During the Cultural Revolution".Endeavour.41(3): 102–115.doi:10.1016/j.endeavour.2017.06.007.PMID28780221.Retrieved9 September2022.
- ^Stokes, Mark A. (July 2003). "The People's Liberation Army and China's Space and Missile Development". In Laurie Burkitt; Andrew Scobell;Larry Wortzel(eds.).The Lessons of History: The Chinese people's Liberation Army at 75(PDF).Strategic Studies Institute.p. 198.ISBN978-1-58487-126-2.Archived fromthe original(PDF)on 2012-02-05.Retrieved2019-05-01.
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