Yaverlandia
| Yaverlandia Temporal range:Early Cretaceous,
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|---|---|
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| Replica of MIWG 1530 seen from two different angles | |
Scientific classification
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Clade: | Dinosauria |
| Clade: | Saurischia |
| Clade: | Theropoda |
| Clade: | Maniraptoriformes |
| Clade: | Maniraptora |
| Genus: | †Yaverlandia Galton,1971 |
| Species: | †Y. bitholus
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| Binomial name | |
| †Yaverlandia bitholus Galton, 1971
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Yaverlandia(meaning "ofYaverlandPoint/Yaverland Battery ") is agenusofmaniraptorandinosaur.Known from a partial fossilskull(MIWG 1530) found inLower Cretaceousstrata of theWessex Formation(Upper Silty Bed;Vectis Formation) on theIsle of Wight.[1][2][3]it was described as the earliest known member of thepachycephalosauridfamily, but research byDarren Naishshows it to have actually been a theropod, seemingly amaniraptoran.[4]Thetype speciesisY. bitholus.[5]
Discovery and naming
[edit]MIWG 1530, the holotype skull, was discovered in 1930, inEnglandand were commented upon by Watson (1930).[6][7]It was referred to as aniguanodontidof the genusVectisaurusin 1936.[8]When Steel (1969) followedHulke(1879)[9]in listingVectisaurusas aniguanodontid,Peter Malcolm Galton(1971) named the fossil asYaverlandia,which he described as a pachycephalosaurid since the skull ofYaverlandiawas different than that ofVectisaurus(Mantellisaurus).[5]
In 2012 additional remains were reported, but these have not been described.[10]
Description
[edit]Yaverlandiawas about 3 ft (1 m) in length and 1 ft (30 cm) in height.[11]
Classification
[edit]Before being named, Swinton (1936) had MIWG 1530 placed withinMantellisaurus,[8]which was a member of theIguanodontidae.Galton (1971) upon describingYaverlandiaplaced it within thePachycephalosauridae.[5]Sullivan (2000),Sereno(2000)[12]Naish (2006; unpublished thesis), Sullivan (2006)[13]and Naish (2008)[4]all re-classifiedYaverlandiaas a maniraptoran.
Paleoecology
[edit]Yaverlandiawas found in theVectis Formationand it would have coexisted with thenodosaurPolacanthus,[14]theneornithischianHypsilophodon,[14]theiguanodontidMantellisaurus,[14]an indeterminateeuornithopod,[14]the spinosaurBaryonyx,[15]thedromaeosauridVectiraptor,[14]theplesiosaurVectocleidus pastorum[16]and thecrocodylomorphHylaeochampsa vectiana.[17]
References
[edit]- ^Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Europe)". In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.):The Dinosauria,2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 556-563.ISBN0-520-24209-2.
- ^Batten, D. J. (ed.) 2011. English Wealden Fossils. The Palaeontological Association, London.
- ^"Magnetostratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous Vectis Formation (Wealden Group) on the Isle of Wight, Southern England."
- ^abNaish, Darren; Martill, David M. (2008). "Dinosaurs of Great Britain and the role of the Geological Society of London in their discovery: Ornithischia".Journal of the Geological Society, London.165(3): 613–623.doi:10.1144/0016-76492007-154.S2CID129624992.
- ^abcGalton, P.M. (1971) "A primitive dome-headed dinosaur (Ornithischia: Pachycephalosauridae) from the Lower Cretaceous of England and the function of the dome of pachycephalosaurids".Journal of Paleontology,Vol. 45, No. 1, Pages 40–47.
- ^Watson, D.M.S (1930)Proceedings of the Isle of Wight Natural History Society.2, 60.
- ^BBC: Dinosaurs of The Isle of Wight - Ornithischians
- ^abSwinton, W.E. (1936). The dinosaurs of the Isle of Wight.Proceedings of the Geologists’ Association,47, 204–220.
- ^Vectisaurus valdensis,a new Wealden Dinosaur (J. W. Hulke)Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society,35, 421-424, 1 February 1879,https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.JGS.1879.035.01-04.27
- ^Austen, Peter A.; Batten, David J. (2018-04-01)."English Wealden fossils: an update".Proceedings of the Geologists' Association.129(2): 171–201.doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2018.02.007.ISSN0016-7878.
- ^Sullivan, R.M. 2006. A taxonomic review of the Pachycephalosauridae (Dinosauria: Ornithischia).New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin35:347-365
- ^Sereno, P. C., (2000): The fossil record, systematics and evolution of pachycephalosaurs and ceratopsians from Asia. 480-516 in Benton, M. J., Shishkin, M. A., Unvin, D. M. & Kurochkin, E. N., (eds.) 2000:The Age of Dinosaurs in Russia and Mongolia.Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, xxxix-696
- ^Sullivan, R. M., 2006: A taxonomic review of thePachycephalosauridae(Dinosauria: Ornithischia).New Mexico Museum of Natural History Bulletin35: 347-365
- ^abcdeWeishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Europe)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 556-563.ISBN0-520-24209-2.
- ^Barker CT, Lockwood JA, Naish D, Brown S, Hart A, Tulloch E, Gostling NJ (2022)."A European giant: a large spinosaurid (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Vectis Formation (Wealden Group, Early Cretaceous), UK".PeerJ.10:e13543.doi:10.7717/peerj.13543.PMC9188774.PMID35702254.
- ^Benson, Roger B. J.; Ketchum, Hilary F.; Naish, Darren; Turner, Langan E. (11 December 2012)."A new leptocleidid (Sauropterygia, Plesiosauria) from the Vectis Formation (Early Barremian–early Aptian; Early Cretaceous) of the Isle of Wight and the evolution of Leptocleididae, a controversial clade".Journal of Systematic Palaeontology.11(2): 233–250.doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.634444.S2CID18562271.
- ^Clark; Norell, James; Mark (January 1992)."The Early Cretaceous crocodylomorph Hylaeochampsa vectiana from the Wealden of the Isle of Wight".American Museum Novitates:19.
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