Yudjá
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 348 (2010)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Brazil( Mato Grosso) | |
| Languages | |
| Yudjá,Portuguese[2] | |
| Religion | |
| traditional tribal religion[3] |
TheYudjáorJurunaare anIndigenous people of Brazil.They were formerly the major tribe along theXingu River,but are now divided into two groups, a westernized northern group nearAltamira, Paranear the big bend of the Xingu and a more conservative group in theXingu Indigenous Parkat the headwaters of the Xingu in Mato Grosso. The southern group lives in two villages located near the mouth of the Maritsauá-Mitau River. They fish and raise crops, such asmanioc.[2]
Name
[edit]"Yudjá" is what they call themselves and now the standard name. "Juruna" is an exonym, apparently fromLingua Geralmeaning ‘black mouth’ from a kind of face paint or tattoo they formerly used. “Juruna” (Yuruna languages) is also the name of a language group.
Other spellings are Iuruna, Jaruna, Yudya, Yurúna, Juruna, Yuruna, Juruhuna, Jurûna, and Geruna.
Culture
[edit]Yudjá makes carinated pots with zoomorphic figures on the rims. The pots are similar to the cambuchi caguaba of the Tupi people.[4]
Population and history
[edit]Population estimates are: 1500: 7,000; 1842: 2,000; 1884: 200; 1896: 150; 1916: 52; 1950: 37; 2001: 278[5]
They were once the major tribe along the Xingu. They encountered the Portuguese some time after 1615 and by about 1750 they had abandoned the lower Xingu. In 1686 they defeated the Portuguese and theirKuruayaallies During the rubber boom a group fled from near the town ofSão Félix do Xingusouth to Mato Grosso. Later they worked for another rubber baron, crewing boats downriver to Altamira. When, in 1916, 22 of these men died they fled further south to what is now theXingu Indigenous Park.Here they fought theKamayuráandSuyáand were conquered by the Suya until the Suya were themselves defeated by a Portuguese rubber baron from downstream.
In 1989 only one member of the northern group was able to communicate in Juruna.
Language
[edit]TheYudjáorJurúna languagebelongs to theYurúna languagefamily, one of theTupian languages.[2]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Yudjá: Introduction."Instituto Socioambiental: Povos Indígenas no Brasil.Retrieved 26 March 2012
- ^abc"Jurúna."Ethnologue.2009. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
- ^"Yudjá: Cosmology e Shamanism."Instituto Socioambiental: Povos Indígenas no Brasil.Retrieved 26 March 2012
- ^Bonomo, Mariano; Archila, Sonia (2021).South American Contributions to World Archaeology.p. 389.ISBN9783030739980.
- ^1500 from Hemming, Red Gold,1995, p516, others from Os Povos web site. Later figures may exclude the Altamira group and there has been mixture with other tribes.
External links
[edit]- Jurúna artwork,National Museum of the American Indian
- [https://pib.socioambiental.org/en/Povo:Yudjá/JurunaEnglish version
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