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Zangilan

Coordinates:39°05′14.0″N46°39′04.3″E/ 39.087222°N 46.651194°E/39.087222; 46.651194
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the nearby village with this name, seeZangilan (village).
"Zangelan" redirects here. For places in Iran, seeZangelan, Iran.

Zangilan
Zəngilan
From top left:
Zangilan is located in Azerbaijan
Zangilan
Zangilan
Zangilan is located in East Zangezur Economic Region
Zangilan
Zangilan
Coordinates:39°05′14.0″N46°39′04.3″E/ 39.087222°N 46.651194°E/39.087222; 46.651194
CountryAzerbaijan
DistrictZangilan
Population
(2015)[1]
• Total500
Time zoneUTC+4(UTC)

Zangilan[a](Azerbaijani:Zəngilan,pronounced[zænɟiˈlɑn]ⓘ;Armenian:Կովսական,romanized:Kovsakan) is a city inAzerbaijanand the administrative centre of theZangilan District.It is situated along theVoghji(Okhchuchay) river.

Etymology

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According to theArmenianhistorian Hovhannes Gharagyozian, the town's historical name ofPirchivan,which it held until 1957 when it was renamed to Zangilan, originates from the settlement of Ashtarak mentioned byStepanos Orbelianin his list of villages in the Kovsakan county ofSyunik.The word ‘Ashtarak’ is seen as a synonym for ‘burj’ (tower/fortress) in theArmenian language.The name of the settlement next to the fortress comes from the joining of the words “Burj” + the Armenian suffix “-avan” (settlement). Thus creating “Burgi avan>Burjevan>Brjevan,” which was transformed into Pirchivan underTurkicphonetic influence.[2]

History

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Soviet-Armenian historianSuren Yeremianstates that the area of present-day Zangilan was part of the Kovsakan gavar (county) of theSyunikprovince within theKingdom of Armenia.[3]According to Armenian historianKonstantin Khudaverdyan,the area that would become Pirchivan was originally an Armenian settlement namedVerjnavan(Armenian:Վերջնավան).[4]In the 14th century, Verjnavan was mentioned as being a part of the Kovsakan gavar of the province of Syunik, during the period ofMongol Armenia.[5]

After theRussian conquest of the Caucasusin the nineteenth century, Zangilan (then calledPirchivan) became part of theZangezur Uyezdof theRussian Empire'sElisabethpol Governorate.According to 1886 census data, there were 50 homes and 211Azerbaijanis(classified as "Tatars" in the census) of theShiitebranch ofIslamin Pirchivan.[6]According to the 1912Caucasian Calendar,the village of Zangilan was home to 762 people, the majority of whom were Azerbaijanis (classified as "Tatars" in the census).[7]

Pirchivan I and Pirchivan II were part of the village council of the same name in the Zangilan District of theAzerbaijan SSRduring the early Soviet period in 1933. Pirchivan I was the administrative centre of the district, with 574 residents and 95 farms, while Pirchivan II had 148 residents and 35 farms. The village council's population, which also included the villages ofGenlik,Malatkeşin,andTağlı,was 98.7 percent Azerbaijani.[8]

Pirchivan was classified as anurban-type settlementand renamedZangilanby the Presidium of theSupreme Soviet of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republicon 31 August 1957. It was givencity statusin 1967. The city had a railway station on the Baku-Nakhchivan branch line, three schools, amusic school,two public libraries, acultural centre,a movie theatre, and a hospital.[9][10]The population was 6,968 people, according to theSoviet Census of 1989.[11]

During theFirst Nagorno-Karabakh War,Armenianforces occupied the city on 29 October 1993, forcing theAzerbaijanipopulation to flee.[12]It was later incorporated into thebreakawayRepublic of Artsakhas part of itsKashatagh Province,where it was known asKovsakan(Armenian:Կովսական). Following the outbreak of theSyrian Civil War,Armenian refugees fromSyria,mostly farmers, settled in the city.[13][14][15]Azerbaijan protested and described the settlement of Syrian Armenians on its internationally recognised territory as a violation of international law that impeded the peace process.[16]

Azerbaijan recaptured the city on 20 October 2020, during the2020 Nagorno-Karabakh War.[17]On 23 December 2020, PresidentIlham Aliyevraised theAzerbaijani flagin the city.[18]

Historical heritage sites

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Among the historical heritage sites in and around the city is the "Imam Huseyn"mosque, built between the 17th and 18th centuries.[19]

Demographics

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Year Population Ethnic composition Source
1886 211 100% Tatars (i.e.Azerbaijanis) Transcaucasian Statistical Committee[6]
1911 762 Mainly Tatars Caucasian Calendar[7]
1939 1,103 83% Azerbaijanis, 10.1%Russians,4.9%Armenians Soviet Census[20]
1959 2,980 98.3% Azerbaijanis, 0.8% Russians, 0.2% Armenians Soviet Census[21]
1970 4,103 98.6% Azerbaijanis, 0.7% Russians, 0.3% Armenians Soviet Census[22]
1979 5,012 96.1% Azerbaijanis, 3.6% Russians, 0.1% Armenians Soviet Census[23]
1989 6,968 Soviet Census[11]
1991 ~7,200 Great Encyclopedic Dictionary[ru][24]
29 October 1993: Occupation of Zangilan. Expulsion of Azerbaijani population
2015 500 ~100% Armenians NKRestimate[1]
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References

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  1. ^Also anglicized asZangelan
  1. ^ab"Urban communities of the NKR"(PDF).stat-nkr.am.National Statistical Service of Nagorno-Karabakh Republic. 1 January 2015. p. 13.
  2. ^Karapetyan, Samvel(2001).Armenian Cultural Monuments in the Region of Karabakh(PDF).Vol. 3. "Gitutiun" Publishing House ofNAS RA.p. 195.ISBN9785808004689.
  3. ^Hewsen, Robert(1992).The Geography of Ananias of Sirak (Asxarhacoyc): The Long and the Short Recensions.Wiesbaden: Reichert. p. 193[1].OCLC643843083.
  4. ^Khudaverdyan, Konstantin(1996).Haykakan Hartsʻ Hanragitaran[Armenian Question Encyclopedia] (in Armenian). Yerevan:Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia.p. 156.OCLC44627480.
  5. ^Matthews, Thomas F.; Sanjian, Avedis Krikor;Orna, Mary Virginia;Russel, James R.(1990).Armenian Gospel Iconography: The Tradition of the Glajor Gospel.Washington D.C.:Dumbarton Oaks:Trustees forHarvard University.p. 19[2].ISBN9780884021834.
  6. ^abСвод статистических данных о населении Закавказскаго края, извлеченных из посемейных списков 1886 г.Tiflis: Transcaucasian Statistical Committee. 1893. p.255.
  7. ^abКавказский календарь на 1912 год[Caucasian calendar for 1912] (in Russian) (67th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1912. p. 155. Archived fromthe originalon 11 December 2021.
  8. ^Административное деление АССР[Administrative divisions of the ASSR] (in Russian). AzUNKHU. 1933. p.101.
  9. ^"ЗӘНҜИЛАН".Azerbaijani Soviet Encyclopedia.Vol. 4. Baku. 1980. p. 317.{{cite encyclopedia}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. ^"Зангелан" [Zangelan].Great Soviet Encyclopedia.Vol. 9. Moscow. 1972. p. 329.{{cite encyclopedia}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  11. ^ab"Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г."www.ethno-kavkaz.narod.ru.
  12. ^"Tarixi".Azərbaycan Respublikası Zəngilan Rayon İcra Hakimiyyəti(in Azerbaijani).Retrieved17 June2022.
  13. ^"Armenia: Syrian Refugees Resettling in Occupied Azerbaijani Territory".EurasiaNet.28 January 2013.
  14. ^"Syrian-Armenians in NKR benefit from AGBU agricultural program".Archived fromthe originalon 16 June 2018.Retrieved14 February2016.
  15. ^"Armenia: refugees in the military".Deutsche Welle.
  16. ^Ghazaryan, Hayk; Sultanova, Shahla."Карабах может стать второй родиной для сирийских армян".Institute for War and Peace Reporting(in Russian).Retrieved17 June2022.
  17. ^"President Ilham Aliyev: Zangilan city and 6 villages of the district, 18 villages of Fuzuli, Jabrayil, and Khojavand districts liberated".mod.gov.az.20 October 2020.
  18. ^"Ilham Aliyev and First Lady Mehriban Aliyeva visited Gubadli and Zangilan districts".president.az.Retrieved17 June2022.
  19. ^"Bir" Cəngi "lik Zəngilan vüsalı".Ministry of Culture(in Azerbaijani). 22 October 2020.Retrieved9 July2022.
  20. ^"Этнокавказ. Национальный состав населения Зангеланского района по переписи 1939 года".
  21. ^"Этнокавказ. Национальный состав населения Зангеланского района по переписи 1959 года".
  22. ^"Этнокавказ. Национальный состав населения Зангеланского района по переписи 1970 года".
  23. ^"Этнокавказ. Национальный состав населения Зангеланского района по переписи 1979 года".
  24. ^"ЗАНГЕЛАН"[ZANGELAN].Great Encyclopedic Dictionary.Moscow. 2000.{{cite encyclopedia}}:CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
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