Zhangjiang Tram
Zhangjiang Tram | |||||||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | Thượng hải trương giang hữu quỹ điện xa | ||||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | Thượng hải trương giang hữu quỹ điện xa | ||||||||||||||
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Overview | |||||||||||||||
Status | Closed | ||||||||||||||
Locale | Pudong,Shanghai | ||||||||||||||
Termini |
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Connecting lines | 2 | ||||||||||||||
Stations | 15 | ||||||||||||||
Service | |||||||||||||||
Type | Tram,Translohr | ||||||||||||||
System | Zhangjiang Tram | ||||||||||||||
Services | Zhangjiang metro station↔ Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station | ||||||||||||||
Operator(s) | Shanghai Pudong Modern Rail Transportation Co., Ltd (up to April 1, 2021) Shanghai Pudong New Area Yanggao Public Transportation Co., Ltd. (from April 1, 2021) | ||||||||||||||
Depot(s) | Heqing Town | ||||||||||||||
Rolling stock | 9 3-carTranslohrrubber-tired trams | ||||||||||||||
Daily ridership | 6,000 (daily average, 2016)[1] | ||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||
Commenced | December 23, 2007 | ||||||||||||||
Opened | December 31, 2009 | ||||||||||||||
Closed | June 1, 2023 | ||||||||||||||
Technical | |||||||||||||||
Line length | 9.8 km (6 mi) | ||||||||||||||
Character | At-grade, unreserved tracks in the middle of the road | ||||||||||||||
Track gauge | None,central guide rail | ||||||||||||||
Electrification | Overhead lines(550volts) DC | ||||||||||||||
Operating speed | max speed of vehicle: 70 km/h (43 mph) max operating speed: 40 km/h (25 mph) | ||||||||||||||
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Zhangjiang Tramwas atramnetwork operating inShanghaithat utilised aTranslohrsystem. Shanghai originally had a steel wheeled electrictramway networkin its urban center. Routes expanded gradually and reached largest extent in 1925 with 328 tramcars; this tram system shut down in 1975. Tram service returned to Shanghai with the opening of a rubber tired Translohr line in the suburban Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park in 2010. It is the secondrubber-tired tramsystem in both China and Asia, the first beingTEDA tramin Tianjin.
Zhangjiang Tram started construction on December 23, 2007.[2]Construction was originally planned to be completed in December 2008, but this was delayed a year, until December 31, 2009 when it was opened to traffic.[3]Passenger operations started on December 31, 2009. Zhangjiang Tram runs for 10 km (6.2 mi) fromZhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Stationof theShanghai Metro Line 2to Heqing Town with 15 stops. The total investment of the Zhangjiang tram project is about 800 million yuan.[4]
Zhangjiang tram was planned to be built in phases. Only the first phase was constructed and ran fromZhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Stationon Shanghai Metro Line 2 (formerly Songtao Road Zuchongzhi Road Station) in the west, to Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station in the east, which covers a distance of 9.8 km (6.1 mi), with a total of 15 stops, 1 depot. Initial plans included a next phase which is an extension toTangzhenand a third phase to Heqing Town, reaching a scale of more than 30 kilometers (19 mi) by 2010. Due to successive years of losses, the Zhangjiang Tram originally planned extensions are temporarily put on hold. Zhangjiang Tram has an annual loss of more than 20 million yuan. This is because the passenger flow is unbalanced during the day (many office workers are passengers during the rush hour; when commute time is over, there are very few passengers), which is generally unsatisfactory; and the maintenance cost of vehicles is extremely high, as most parts are imported. For this reason, the supply of some parts has been stopped, making the vehicle unable to operate normally.[5]
There were also possible plans to build tram projects in Lujiazui and Sanlin areas, which also have not been materialized.
Ultimately, although spare parts procurement was an issue, the system closed mainly due to the overwhelming saturation of the Zhangjiang area with other, faster rail transit systems, such asLine 2,11,13and16.After closure, the route was largely replaced by Pudong route 112 bus services.[6][7]It was the second modern tram system in China to close, after theZhuhai Tramin January 22, 2021.[8]
History
[edit]The new system was built inZhangjiang Town,because it is a planned area, and commuting between neighborhoods of the town has always been difficult. The Translohr tramway is constructed inZhangjiang Townwhich is in the heartland area ofPudongNew Area (east shore ofHuangpu River). Due to Economic-Technological Development Area ordinances, sound pollution must be kept to a minimum in this area. Traditional steel-wheeled trams generate much vibration and sound during their journey. Rubber tires on the trams reduce vibration, and as a result noise, substantially. Additionally, theZhangjiang Townroads are very hilly, and rubber tired trams can more easily climb steeper grades than traditional trams. Another advantage is that rubber-tired trams don't require tracks, as steel wheeled cars do, so there is less disturbance of underground networks like power cables, phone lines, and sewer and water mains.
Timeline:
- 2007 – Construction of rubber tired tram started.
- 2009 – Test runs occurred.
- 2010 – Commercial services began.
- 2023 – Service closed.[9]
Practical Info
[edit]- Tickets: There is a single fare of 2Yuan.It accepts theShanghai Public Transport Card,the transfer discount policy for Shanghai public transport service is applicable.
- Total length: 9.8 km (6.1 mi).
- Opened: December 31, 2009.
- Operating hours: 5:45 am to 11 pm.
- Frequency: 15 minutes (3 minutes before end of 2015).[10]
- Operate on a "Request stop"mode. If a passenger requests a stop, a green light is illuminated and the doors open at the next stop. If no stop is requested, the doors remain closed.
- The existing traffic light system in the area (24 intersections with traffic lights) was transformed into a tram signal priority system. (though not utilized)
- The maximum speed of the vehicles is 70 km/h (43 mph), but due to the lack of dedicated lanes separate from other road users, the speed is set at 40 km/h (25 mph).
- Alignment: on unreserved tracks and in the middle of the road. Because of the rubber tires, it is not possible to laytrack in grass,as the trams can onlyrunonconcreteorpavedroads.
Stations
[edit]The modern tram runs fromZhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Stationto Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station. Most stops haveisland platforms.Much of the route runs in the centre of the road, while the two terminals are situated on reserved area. Trams are stored in an indoor facility at the eastern end of the line in Heqing Town. All stations are in Pudong
Routes | Station name | Connections | Distance km | ||
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M | English | Chinese | |||
● | Zhangjiang metro station | Trương giang địa thiết trạm | 2(adjacent station-Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park Station) | 0.00 | |
● | Bibo Road Gaoke Road Station | Bích ba lộ cao khoa lộ trạm | |||
● | Huatuo Road Daerwen Road Station | Hoa đà lộ đạt nhĩ văn lộ trạm | |||
● | Huatuo Road Keyuan Road Station | Hoa đà lộ khoa uyển lộ trạm | |||
● | Cailun Road Jinke Road Station | Thái luân lộ kim khoa lộ trạm | |||
● | Cailun Road Halei Road Station | Thái luân lộ cáp lôi lộ trạm | |||
● | Gebaini Road Libing Road Station | Ca bạch ni lộ lý băng lộ trạm | |||
● | Ziwei Road Gaosi Road Station | Tử vi lộ cao tư lộ trạm | |||
● | Gaosi Road Zhangjiang Road Station | Cao tư lộ trương giang lộ trạm | |||
● | Zhangjiang Middle School Station | Trương giang trung học trạm | |||
● | Guanglan Road Zuchongzhi Road Station | Quảng lan lộ tổ trùng chi lộ trạm | 2(adjacent station-Guanglan Road) | ||
● | Guanglan Road Dangui Road Station | Quảng lan lộ đan quế lộ trạm | |||
● | Dangui Road Qingtong Road Station | Đan quế lộ thanh đồng lộ trạm | |||
● | Dangui Road Zhangdong Road Station | Đan quế lộ trương đông lộ trạm | |||
● | Zhangdong Road Jinqiu Road Station | Trương đông lộ kim thu lộ trạm | 9.8 | ||
Technology
[edit]Rolling stock
[edit]Therolling stockisTranslohr.It consists of 9 multiple units (price of 30 million yuan each) of three cars each. They arelow floor,fullyair conditioned,and can operate at high speeds up to 70 km/h (43 mph). Each train is generally composed of 3 cars, 25 meters (82 ft 0 in) long and 2.2 meters (7 ft 3 in) wide. It can take more than 160 people, and a train can be increased to 5 cars according to demand. After the opening, there were 12 cars on the whole line, every 6 minutes or so.
See also
[edit]- Trams in Shanghai– first generation tram network
- Songjiang Tram- steel wheel tram in Shanghai
- List of rubber-tyred tram systems
- Guided bus
- Trolleybuses in Shanghai
- List of tram and light rail transit systems
References
[edit]- ^Modern Tram and Public Transport Integration in Chinese Cities: A case study of Suzhou
- ^"[ vãn báo thần tấn ] trương giang hữu quỹ điện xa hạng mục công trình kim khai công _ tân dân võng".sh.xinmin.cn.RetrievedSeptember 3,2017.
- ^"Trương giang hữu quỹ điện xa 31 hào thông xa doanh nghiệp thời gian dữ nhị hào tuyến hàm tiếp _ tân lãng thượng hải _ tân lãng võng".sh.sina.com.cn.RetrievedSeptember 3,2017.
- ^Lu, Yannan (August 15, 2007)."Trương giang hữu quỹ điện xa tuyến 10 nguyệt khai kiến".sina.
- ^Wu, Chunwei (July 7, 2015)."Hỗ trương giang hữu quỹ điện xa niên khuy 2000 đa vạn nguyên mục tiền kháo tá thải duy trì [The Shanghai-Zhangjiang tram has an annual loss of more than 20 million yuan and is currently maintained by borrowing]".Dongfang.com.
- ^"Trương giang hữu quỹ điện xa 1 lộ dĩ vận doanh siêu quá 13 niên, tương vu 6 nguyệt 1 nhật khởi đình vận, tương quan phối sáo phương án dĩ tố hảo, xác bảo bạch lĩnh, cư dân xuất hành".www.shanghai.gov.cn.RetrievedJune 21,2023.
- ^"Bành phái tân văn - chuyên chú thời chính dữ tư tưởng -ThePaper.cn".www.thepaper.cn.RetrievedJune 21,2023.
- ^"Công cộng giao thông hoàn thị thành thị danh phiến? Thượng hải thủ điều hiện đại hữu quỹ điện xa đình vận kỳ tha địa phương ni _ đông phương tài phú võng".finance.eastmoney.com.RetrievedJune 21,2023.
- ^"Trương giang hữu quỹ điện xa 1 lộ 6 nguyệt 1 nhật khởi đình vận dĩ vận doanh siêu quá 13 niên"(in Chinese). May 30, 2023.RetrievedJune 1,2023.
- ^"Shanghai Pudong".english.pudong.gov.cn.Archived fromthe originalon November 8, 2016.