Zhu Changfang
| Zhu Changfang Chu thường bàng | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Regent of the Southern Ming dynasty | |||||||||
| Tenure | 1 July – 6 July 1645 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Zhu Yousong,Prince of Fu | ||||||||
| Successor | Zhu Yujian,Prince of Tang | ||||||||
| Prince of Lu ( lộ ) | |||||||||
| Tenure | 1618–1645 | ||||||||
| Predecessor | Zhu Yiliu, Prince Jian | ||||||||
| Born | 1608 Mansion of Prince of Lu,Weihui,Henan Province | ||||||||
| Died | 23 May 1646(aged 37–38) Yanjing | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| House | Zhu | ||||||||
| Father | Zhu Yiliu, Prince Jian of Lu | ||||||||
| Mother | Lady Yang | ||||||||
Zhu Changfang(Chinese:Chu thường bàng;pinyin:Zhū Chángfāng), also known as theJingyi Taoist(Kính nhất đạo nhân;1608–1646) was the last Prince of Lu (Lộ vương) (an area claimed by one source as being nearHangzhou[1]and by another as being centered onWeihuiinHenan[2]). Zhu Changfang was an important member of the Imperial family of theSouthern Ming dynastyduring theMing-Qing transition.He is notable both due to his historical political role and as a creative artist.
Biography[edit]
Zhu Changfang was the son of Zhu Yiliu (Giản vương dực lưu) and the grandson of theLongqing Emperor.He inherited the title Prince of Lu from his father in 1618.[2]After his father's death Zhu had an elaboratemausoleumconstructed inXinxiang County,covering over 157,000 square metres (39 acres). The mausoleum incorporated several unorthodox elements, including a separate grave for his father's concubine, a greater number of guards than normal, and novel animal sculptures.[3]
WhenZhang XianzhongandLi Zichengrebelled against theChongzhen Emperor,Zhu applied to the throne for permission to undertake military action against the rebels. However his campaign was unsuccessful and he was forced to flee to Hangzhou. After the Chongzhen Emperor's suicide in 1644, Zhu was petitioned by his advisorsShi Kefaand Gao Hongtu (Cao hoằng đồ) to assume the throne in exile, however it was his relativeZhu Yousongwho eventually took the throne as theHongguang Emperor.[4]He was executed in 1646 in Beijing, after surrendering to theQing dynastyalong with a number of other Southern Ming princes.[2][4]
Works[edit]
Zhu Changfang was a noted practitioner ofcalligraphyand traditionalChinese painting,as well as being a musician who performed on theguqin.He made (or oversaw the making of) over 300guqin,created a new type ofguqinincorporating Western design elements, and developed a guqin musical style he termed the "Central Harmony".[5][3]He also wrote a treatise on the instrument, theGuyin Zhengzong ( cổ âm chính tông ),in 1634, as well as a book onChinese chess.[2]Zhu's main literary output was, however, biographical; he composed a considerable number of biographies of imperial personages.[6]
Zhu's calligraphy was well-regarded by contemporary critics.[3][6]His calligraphy was patterned after that ofWang Xizhi,and he produced calligraphic and artistic works in several styles.[3]He was responsible for inscriptions at theCity God TempleatWeihuiand the Western Great Temple inZhonghe,[7]as well as many other inscriptions and scrolls, but after his death his work was largely overlooked, to the extent that one of his bronze inscriptions was listed in a Qing catalogue of antiquaries as being from theZhou dynasty(which ended over 1800 years before Zhu's birth).[6]
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
- Recent cover by John Thompson of Zhu Changfang's big hitPingsha Luo Yan( "Wild Geese Descend on a Sandbank" )
- More on "Wild Geese Descend on a Sandbank"
References[edit]
- ^"Ji mao zhong qiu you deng Wang yue lou ([Chinese rubbings])".University of Cambridge Digital Library.University of Cambridge.Retrieved12 August2015.
- ^abcdZhou, Qingyun (1919).Qin Shi Xu (Continuation of History of the Qin, 1919).John Thompson.Retrieved12 August2015.
- ^abcdRoger V. Des Forges (2003).Cultural Centrality and Political Change in Chinese History: Northeast Henan in the Fall of the Ming.Stanford University Press. pp. 20–21.ISBN978-0-8047-4044-9.
- ^ab"Persons in Chinese History – Zhu Changfang chu thường bàng, Prince of Lu lộ vương".China Knowledge.Retrieved12 August2015.
- ^Trung quốc tất nghệ nhị thiên niên: Catalogue of an exhibition jointly presented by the Oriental Ceramic Society of Hong Kong and the Art Gallery, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, 24th September to 21st November, 1993.Oriental Ceramic Society of Hong Kong. 1993. p. 216.ISBN978-962-7101-26-0.
- ^abcCraig Clunas (15 June 2013).Screen of Kings: Royal Art and Power in Ming China.Reaktion Books. p. 183.ISBN978-1-78023-140-2.
- ^Richard G. Wang (23 August 2012).The Ming Prince and Daoism: Institutional Patronage of an Elite.OUP USA. pp. 98–.ISBN978-0-19-976768-7.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
- 1608 births
- 1646 deaths
- 17th-century Chinese monarchs
- People executed by the Qing dynasty
- Ming dynasty Taoists
- Ming dynasty calligraphers
- Musicians from Shanxi
- Guqin players
- Ming dynasty imperial princes
- Artists from Shanxi
- Politicians from Changzhi
- Ming dynasty government officials
- Executed people from Shanxi
- Executed Qing dynasty people
- 17th-century Chinese calligraphers
- Executed royalty
- 17th-century Chinese musicians
- 17th-century Taoists
- 17th-century regents