Najeriya(/naˈdʒɪəriyə/) koNijeriya(/niˈdʒɪəriyə/) da (turanci:Nigeria), A gwamnatanceTarayyarNajeriya,ƙasa ce da ke aAfirka[1]taYamma. Tana da iyaka da kasarNijar[2]daga Arewa daChadi[3]daga Arewa, maso gabas daKamarudaga gabas daBenindaga Yamma daga Kudanci kuma tana a gaɓarTekun Atlantika.Jamhuriyar TarayyarNajeriya,ta ƙunshi Jihohi guda 36, tare da babban birnin tarayya (Federal Capital Territory)Abujainda fadarshugaban ƙasama'anah billahtake.[4][5][6]
Najeriya ta kasance gida da dama ga 'yan asalinTurawamasu mulkin mallaka, jihohin da suka mallaka tunda (BC), tare daNok Wayewata kasance ita ce karo na farko da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka fara mallakewa aYammacin Africaa cikin ƙarni na sha biyar (15) A zamani jihar an samo asali daBirtaniyaa cikin ƙarni na dha tara (19), yana ɗaukar yanayin na yanzu tare da haɗe yankinKudancinNajeriyada kuma kare ArewacinNajeriyaa cikin shekara ta alif dubu daya da ɗari tara da goma sha hudu (1914), taLord Lugard.Ingilishi ya kafa tsarin gudanarwa da na doka yayin aiwatar da mulkin kai tsaye ta hanyar shugabannin gargajiya.[8]Najeriya, ta zama ƙasar tarayyar da ke da ƴanci kai tsaye a ranar 1 ga watanOktoba,shekara ta alif dubu daya da dari tara da sittin (1960). Ta fuskanci yaƙin basasa daga shekara ta 1967, zuwa shekarar 1970, sannan a biyo bayan zaɓaɓɓun gwamnatocin farar hula da mulkin kama-karya na soja, har sai an sami tabbatacciyardimokuradiyyaa shekara ta alif 1999; zaɓen shugaban ƙasa na shekara ta 2015, shi ne karo na farko da shugabanƙasamai ci ya faɗi zaɓensa.[9][10]
Najeriya ƙasa ce mai yawan Al’umma da ke zaune, sama da ƙabilu guda Dari, biyu da hamsin (250), waɗanda ke maganada yarurruka daban daban guda 500,dukkansu suna ɗauke da al'adu iri daban daban. Manyan ƙabilun guda uku su neHausa – FulaniaArewa,YarbawaaYamma,da kumaIgboa gabas, waɗanda suka haɗa da kashi 60% na yawan mutanen. Yarenhukumashi neIngilishi,wanda aka zaɓa don sauƙaƙe haɗin harshe a matakin ƙasa. Tsarin mulkin Nijeriya ya tabbatar da ƴancin yin addini; kuma ƙasa ce dake ɗauke da Al’ummar musulmai da Kirista, a lokaci guda.Najeriyata kasu kashi biyu tsakaninmusulmai,waɗanda yawanci ke zaune a arewacin ƙasar, da kumakiristoci,waɗanda yawanci ke zaune a kudancin ƙasar, tare da ƴan tsirarun da ke yin addinin asali, kamar waɗanda ke cikin ƙabilar Igbo da kuma yarbawa.[11][12]
Bola Tinubu shugaban kasar na yanzu
Najeriya ita ce ƙasa mafi yawan mutane aAfirka,kuma ƙasa ta bakwai mafi yawan mutane a Duniya, tare da kimanin mutane miliyan 206. Tattalin arziƙinta shine mafi girma aAfirka,kuma shi ne na 26, mafi girma a duniya ta hanyar GDP maras faɗi, kuma na 25, mafi girma daga PPP. Najeriya galibi ana kiranta da "Giant of Africa", ma'ana ƙarfinAfrikasaboda yawan jama'a da tattalin arziƙinta,kuma Bankin Duniyayana ɗaukarta a matsayinkasuwamai tasowa. Ƙaramar yanki ce a cikin Afirka, matsakaiciyar ƙarfi a cikin al'amuran ƙasa da ƙasa, sannan kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi yawanAl’umma a duniya.Koyaya, ƙasar tana ƙasa sosai a cikin jerin ƙasashen duniya, kuma har yanzu tana ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe masu rashawa a duniya. Najeriya memba ce ta kafuwar TarayyarAfirka,kuma memba ce a ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa da dama, waɗanda suka haɗa daMajalisar Ɗinkin Duniya,ƙungiyar ƙasashen Yammacin Africa (ECOWAS),kungiyar ƙasashe masu arzikin man fetur, (OPEC), kuma memba na yau da kullum a gamayyarMINT,kuma tana ɗaya daga cikin Ƙasashe goma sha ɗaya masu tashen ƙaruwan tattalin arziƙi wato "Next Eleven".[13]
SunanNijeriyaan ɗauke shi daga KoginNejawanda ya ratsa ƙasar. Wannan sunan ya samo asali ne a ranar 8, ga watan Janairun shekara ta1897, ɗan jaridar IngilaFlora Shaw,wanda daga baya ya auriLord Lugard,mai kula da mulkin mallaka na Burtaniya.Nijarda ke maƙwabtaka da ita sun samo sunan daga wannan kogin. Asalin sunanNijar,wanda asali ana amfani da shi ne kawai zuwa tsakiyar Kogin Neja, ba tabbas. Wataƙila kalmar ta canza sunanTuaregegerewn-igerewenda mazauna ke amfani da shi a tsakiyar kogin da ke kusa daTimbuktukafin mulkin mallaka na Turai na ƙarni na 19.Cite error: Closing</ref>missing for<ref>tag
Tarihi ya nuna cewarNijeriyadaɗaɗɗar ƙasa ce, kuma tarihi yanuna ƙasar na nan tun a shekara ta500,kafin haihuwar Yesu Almasihu wato Annabi Isah (A.S), a wannan lokaci suka samata sunaƘasar Hausa.Addinin musulunci ya shiga ƘasarHausane tun a ƙarni na goma sha uku miladiya, a ƙarshen ƙarni na goma sha ɗaya zuwa tsakiyar ƙarni na goma sha hudu miladiya. Kanem Barno suka mamaye Ƙasar Hausa, kuma Fulani sun mamaye ƘasarHausaa farkon ƙarni na goma sha tara miladiya har zuwan Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka mamayeLagosa shekara ta1881miladiya, ana cikinYakin duniya Ina farko sai Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka ƙaro sojojin ruwa saboda suna tsoran Jamusawa da ke Kamaru kada sumamaye Nijeriya, amma mulkin Nijeriya na farko a hannun TurawanPurtgal.A shekara ta1885,sai TurawanBirtaniyasuka mamaye duk faɗin Nijeria har zuwa 01, ga oktoba, 1960. Nijeriya ta samu 'yancin kanta daga Turawan Biritaniya.
A shekara ta1966,zuwa shekara ta1979,sojoji ne ke da ikon a kan ƙasar, a shekara ta1979,a ka yi tsari wanda ya bawa talakawa ikon zaɓen gwamna. A shekara ta1983,sojoji suka rushe wannan tsarin da juyin mulki har zuwa shekara ta1998,bayan rasuwar Sani Abacha, sai aka dawo da tsarin mulki na dimokaraɗiya aka bawa talakawa ikon zaɓen shugaban da suke so, a shekara ta1999,aka yi zaɓe a ƙasa.Obasanjoya lashe zaɓe ya zama shugaban ƙasa na farko wanda talaka suka zaɓa, ya hau karo na biyu har zuwa shekara ta2007,A wannan shekara aka yi zaɓe,Umaru Yar'Aduaya lashe shi ne shugaban ƙasa a 2011. Dukkansu sun fito daga jam'iyya ɗaya ne, wato (jam'iyyarPDP).
Manyan yarika a Najeriya sune guda uku kamar haka: Harshen Hausa da Yarbanci da Inyamuranci. Yaren Fulatanci ma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan yaruka a Najeriya.
Yarabawa sun kasance na biyu a wayanda suka fi kowa yawa a cikin ƙasar Najeriya, suna zaune a garuruwa irin su,LegasdaOndodaOyodaOsundaKwarada kumaKogi.
Taron yarabawa a wani yanki a kasar yoruba, sun sanya irin na kayan su na yarbawa.
Najeriya
Hausawa.
Shiga irin ta al'adar Hausawa.
Bahaushe.
Matsahin ɗan ƙabilar Ibo (Inyamuri) da daddare.
Mace da shiga iri ta matan Ibo.
Matan ƙabilar Ibo suna gudanar da biki a al'adarsu.
Taron yarabawa a wani yanki a kasar yoruba, sun sanya irin na kayan su na yarbawa.
Yan wasan kwallon mata na Najeriya.
Yan wasan Najeriya a 1978.
Yan Najeriya na wasan kwallon kafa.
Mata na wasan kwallon kafa.
team na wasannin mata.
John Mikel Obi
