Intersputnik
![]() Intersputnik logo | |
Formation | 15 November 1971 |
---|---|
Legal status | Active |
Headquarters | Moscow, Russia |
Membership | 25 member states |
Official language | Russian |
Director General | Ksenia Drozdova[1] |
Website | intersputnik.int |
The Intersputnik International Organization of Space Communications, commonly known as Intersputnik, is an international satellite communications services organization founded on 15 November 1971, in Moscow by the Soviet Union along with a group of eight formerly socialist states (Poland, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Mongolia, and Cuba).
The objective was and continues to be the development and common use of communications satellites. It was created as the Eastern Bloc's response to the Western Intelsat organization. As of 2008 the organization has 25 member states, among them the Federal Republic of Germany as the legal successor of the GDR.
Intersputnik nowadays is a commercially aligned organization. It operates 12 satellites in orbit and 41 transponders. In June 1997 Intersputnik created the Lockheed Martin Intersputnik (LMI) joint venture together with Lockheed Martin, which built and operated the satellites of the same name. In September 2006, Lockheed Martin Intersputnik was acquired by Asia Broadcast Satellite (ABS).
History
[edit]Initially, the Intersputnik system was created on the basis of the Soviet Orbit-2 satellite broadcasting network and was designed to serve the countries participating in the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon). The main system and technical developments were carried out by NIIR, radio receiving equipment was produced at the Moscow Radio Engineering Plant, antenna-feeder devices at the Podolsk Electromechanical Plant, radio transmitting and channel-forming equipment was manufactured by the Krasnoyarsk TV Plant.
In the initial version, Intersputnik used highly elliptical satellites of the Molniya-3 type, and in 1978 it began using geostationary satellites of the Gorizont type. Receiving complexes "Orbita-2" with transmitters "Gradient-K" and channel-forming equipment RS-1, RS-2 operated at the earth stations. In the process of modernization, the transmitters were replaced by more modern Helikon type with a power of 3 kW and new channel-forming equipment “Gradient-N” began to be used. Subsequently, the Research Institute for Telecommunication (TKI) in Budapest took part in the development of the equipment for Intersputnik, and factories in Hungary and Czechoslovakia were connected to production.[2]
Member states
[edit]Afghanistan[3]
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bulgaria
Cambodia
Cuba
Czech Republic
Georgia
Hungary
India
Kazakhstan
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Mongolia
Nicaragua
North Korea
Poland
Romania
Russia
Syria
Tajikistan
Turkmenistan
Ukraine
Vietnam
Yemen
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Intersputnik_-_pa%C5%84stwa_cz%C5%82onkowskie.png/350px-Intersputnik_-_pa%C5%84stwa_cz%C5%82onkowskie.png)
See also
[edit]- Ground stations
- Communications satellite
- Submarine communications cable
- European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
References
[edit]- ^ "Directorate". Intersputnik.net. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ Vonog A. I. Intersputnik system. Krasnoyarsk TV plant. Our story. Retrieved March 4, 2021.
- ^ "Member Countries". Intersputnik. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
External links
[edit]- Official website
- Agreement on the legal capacity, privileges and immunities, Berlin, 20 September 1976
- satnews.com Archived 2007-07-11 at the Wayback Machine
- english.pravda.ru
- un.org
- dlr.de
- Communications satellites
- Science and technology in the Soviet Union
- Space program of the Soviet Union
- Soviet and Russian space institutions
- Aerospace companies of the Soviet Union
- Foreign relations of the Soviet Union
- Eastern Bloc
- East Germany–Soviet Union relations
- Poland–Soviet Union relations
- Hungary–Soviet Union relations
- Czechoslovakia–Soviet Union relations
- Cuba–Soviet Union relations
- Romania–Soviet Union relations
- Soviet Union–Syria relations
- India–Soviet Union relations
- 1971 establishments in the Soviet Union
- Bulgaria–Soviet Union relations
- Communications in the Soviet Union
- Communications satellites of Russia