1555
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
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| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1555 by topic |
|---|
| Arts and science |
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births–Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments–Disestablishments |
| Works category |
| Gregorian calendar | 1555 MDLV |
| Ab urbe condita | 2308 |
| Armenian calendar | 1004 ԹՎ ՌԴ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6305 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1476–1477 |
| Bengali calendar | 962 |
| Berber calendar | 2505 |
| English Regnal year | 1Ph.&M.– 2Ph.&M. |
| Buddhist calendar | 2099 |
| Burmese calendar | 917 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7063–7064 |
| Chinese calendar | Giáp dầnNăm (WoodTiger) 4252 or 4045 — to — Ất mão năm (WoodRabbit) 4253 or 4046 |
| Coptic calendar | 1271–1272 |
| Discordian calendar | 2721 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1547–1548 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5315–5316 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| -Vikram Samvat | 1611–1612 |
| -Shaka Samvat | 1476–1477 |
| -Kali Yuga | 4655–4656 |
| Holocene calendar | 11555 |
| Igbo calendar | 555–556 |
| Iranian calendar | 933–934 |
| Islamic calendar | 962–963 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenbun24 /Kōji1 ( Hoằng Trị nguyên niên ) |
| Javanese calendar | 1473–1475 |
| Julian calendar | 1555 MDLV |
| Korean calendar | 3888 |
| Minguo calendar | 357 beforeROC Dân trước 357 năm |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 87 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2097–2098 |
| Tibetan calendar | Dương mộc hổ năm (male Wood-Tiger) 1681 or 1300 or 528 — to — Âm mộc thỏ năm (female Wood-Rabbit) 1682 or 1301 or 529 |
Year1555(MDLV) was acommon year starting on Tuesday(link will display the full calendar) of theJulian calendar.
Events
[edit]January–March
[edit]- January 22– TheKingdom of AvainUpper Burmafalls.
- February 2– TheDiet of Augsburgbegins.
- February 4–John Rogersisburned at the stakeatSmithfield, London,becoming the first of the 284Protestant martyrs of the English Reformationto be killed during the five and one-half year reign of QueenMary I of England.[1]His death is followed within the week by that ofLaurence Saunderson February 8 inCoventry,andRowland Taylor,RectorofHadleigh, Suffolk,andJohn Hooper,deposedBishop of Gloucesteron February 9.
- February 26– TheMuscovy Companyis chartered in England to trade with theTsardom of Russia[2][3]andRichard Chancellornegotiates with the Tsar.
- March 25–Valencia, Venezuela,is founded by Captain Alonso Díaz Moreno.
April–June
[edit]- April 9– Marcello Cervini degli Spannocchi is unanimously chosen as the successor toPope Julius III,who died on March 23, and takes the name ofPope Marcellus IIas the 222nd Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. He will reign for 22 days.[4]
- April 17– After 18 months of siege, theRepublic of Sienasurrenders to theFlorentine–Imperialarmy.
- May 1– Foundation ofSt John's College, Oxford,England, to teach Catholic theology.
- May 30– Foundation ofTrinity College, Oxford,England, to teach Catholic theology.
- May 15– Theconclaveopens with 42 of the 56 Roman Catholic cardinals to choose a successor to Pope Marcellus II, who had died on May 1.[5]
- May 23– Giovanni Pietro Carafa, Cardinal of Naples, is elected as the new Pope after Giacomo del Pozzo fails to obtain the necessary two-thirds approval.[6]Carafa, the 223rd Pope, takes the namePope Paul IV.[7]
- May 25–Jeanne d'Albretbecomes theQueen of Navarreupon the death of her father,King Henry II.[8]
- June 1– TheTreaty of Amasyabetween theOttoman EmpireandSafavid Persiaconcludes theOttoman-Safavid War.
- June 22–Adil Shah Suribecomes the Sultan of theSur EmpireatDelhiinIndiaafterSikandar Shah Suriis forced to flee from the Mughal Empire forces.
July–September
[edit]- July 12–Pope Paul IVcreates theRoman Ghetto,the first Jewish ghetto in Rome.
- August 24– England'sThomas Thirlby,the first and only Roman Catholic Archbishop of Norwich and Queen Mary's envoy toPope Paul IV,returns to London from bearing a papal bull that confirms Queen Mary's jurisdiction over Ireland.[9]
- September 25– ThePeace of Augsburgis signed betweenCharles V, Holy Roman Emperor,and theLutheranSchmalkaldic League,establishing the principleCuius regio, eius religio,that is, rulers within the Empire can choose the religion of their realm.
- September – The1555 Kashmir earthquakecauses widespread destruction and death in Kashmir, India.[10]
October–December
[edit]- October 16
- (1st day of 10th monthTenbun 24) – At theBattle of MiyajimaIsland,Mori MotonaridefeatsSue Harukata.[11]
- The first two ProtestantOxford Martyrs,Hugh LatimerandNicholas Ridley,are burned at the stake in England.
- October 25–Charles Vabdicates asHoly Roman Emperorand is succeeded by his brotherFerdinand.
- November 1– French Navy Vice-AdmiralNicolas Durand de Villegaignonleads a small fleet of two ships and 200 soldiers and colonists to take possession ofSerigipe Island,near modern-dayRio de JaneiroinBrazilatGuanabara Bay,and buildsFort Coligny.[12]
- November 13–Thomas Cranmeris officially removed from office as the ProtestantArchbishop of Canterburyby order of Pope Paul IV and Queen Mary I.[13]
- December 11– CardinalReginald Poleis made a cardinal-priest in the Roman Catholic Church and made the administrator of theSee of Canterburyin England,[14]though he will not become the new Archbishop of Canterbury until the following March 20.
Date unknown
[edit]- Russiabreaks a 60-year-old truce withSwedenby attacking Finland.
- Humayunresumes rule of theMughal Empire.
- TheAdal Sultanatein theHorn of Africacollapses.
- English captainJohn Lokreturns fromGuinea,with five Africans to train as interpreters for future trading voyages.
- Richard EdenpublishesThe Decades of the Newe Worlde or West India,a translation into English of parts ofPietro Martire d'Anghiera'sDe orbe novo decades,theGonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y ValdésworkNatural hystoria de las Indiasand others, urging his countrymen to follow the lead of Spain in exploring theNew World;[15]the work includes the first recorded use in English of the country name 'China'.
- Establishment in England of the followinggrammar schools:Boston Grammar School,Gresham's SchoolatHolt, Norfolk(founded bySir John Gresham) andRipon Grammar School(re-foundation).
- William Annyasbecomes the Mayor ofYoughal,Ireland, the first Jew to hold such a position in Ireland.[16]
- John Deeis charged, but cleared, of treason in England.
- Orlande de Lassus' first book ofmadrigalsis published, inAntwerp.
Births
[edit]
- January 26–Charles II, Lord of Monaco(d.1589)
- February 25–Alonso Lobo,Spanish musician (d.1617)
- March 18–François, Duke of Anjou,youngest son ofHenry II of FranceandCatherine de' Medici(d.1584)[17]
- March 21–John Leveson,English politician (d.1615)
- March 31–Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Lennox,English countess (d.1582)
- April 21–Ludovico Carracci,Italian painter (d.1619)
- April 28–Karl Friedrich of Jülich-Cleves-Berg,heir apparent of Jülich-Cleves-Berg (d.1575)
- May 5–Queen Uiin,Korean royal consort (d.1600)
- May 9–Jerónima de la Asunción,founder of the first Catholic monastery in Manila, the Monastery of Santa Clara (d.1630)
- May 29–George Carew, 1st Earl of Totnes,English earl, general and administrator (d.1629)
- June 11–Lodovico Zacconi,Italian composer and music theorist (d.1627)
- June 13–Giovanni Antonio Magini,Italian mathematician, cartographer and astronomer (d.1617)
- June 16–Duke Otto Henry of Brunswick-Harburg,Hereditary Prince of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg (d.1591)
- July –Henry Garnet,English Jesuit (d.1606)
- July 6–Louis II, Cardinal of Guise,French Catholic cardinal (d.1588)
- July 17–Richard Carew,English scholar (d.1620)
- August 1–Edward Kelley,English spirit medium (d.1597)
- September 3–Jan Zbigniew Ossoliński,Polish nobleman (d.1628)
- September 21–John Thynne,English landowner and politician (d.1604)
- September 23–Louise de Coligny,princess consort of Orange (d.1620)
- September 28–Henri de La Tour d'Auvergne, vicomte de Turenne, duc de Bouillon,Marshal of France (d.1623)
- October 6–Ferenc Nádasdy,Hungarian noble (d.1604)
- October 12–Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby,English baron (d.1601)
- November 8–Nyaungyan Min,king of Burma (d.1605)
- December 4–Heinrich Meibom,German historian and poet (d.1625)
- December 27–Johann Arndt,German Lutheran theologian (d.1621)
- date unknown
- Lancelot Andrewes,English clergyman and scholar (d.1626)
- Adam Sędziwój Czarnkowski,Polish nobleman (d.1628)
- Samuel Eidels,Polish Jewish rabbi and Talmudist (d.1631)
- Joshua Falk,Polish Jewish rabbi and commentator (d.1614)
- Elijah Loans,German Jewish rabbi and kabbalist (d.1636)
- François de Malherbe,French poet (d.1628)
- Okudaira Sadamasa,Japanese nobleman (d.1615)
- Konishi Yukinaga,Japanese Christian daimyō (d.1600)
- Moderata Fonte,Italian poet, writer and philosopher (d.1592)
- Maria van Schooten,Dutch war heroine (d.1573)
- Naresuan,King of Ayutthaya (d.1605)
Deaths
[edit]
- January 14–Jacques Dubois,French anatomist (b.1478)
- February 4–John Rogers,English clergyman (burned at the stake) (b. c.1505)
- February 8–Laurence Saunders,English clergyman (burned at the stake) (b.1519)
- February 9
- Christian Egenolff,German printer (b.1502)
- John Hooper,English churchman (burned at the stake) (b. c.1497)
- Rowland Taylor,English Protestant martyr (burned at the stake) (b.1510)
- February 17–Giuliano Bugiardini,Italian painter (b.1475)
- March 14–John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford(b.1485)
- March 23–Pope Julius III(b.1487)[18]
- March 27–Al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf ad-Din,Imam of the Zaidi state in Yemen (b.1473)
- April 12– QueenJoanna of Castile,long under confinement (b.1479)
- April 18–Polydore Vergil,English historian (b.1470)[19]
- May 1–Pope Marcellus II(b.1501)
- May 21–George III, Landgrave of Leuchtenberg(b.1502)
- May 25
- Gemma Frisius,Dutch mathematician and cartographer (b.1508)
- Henry II of Navarre(b.1503)[8]
- June 10–Elizabeth of Denmark, Electress of Brandenburg(1502–1535) (b.1485)
- September 8–Thomas of Villanova,SpanishRoman Catholicbishop and saint (b.1488)
- October 5–Edward Wotton,English zoologist (b.1492)
- October 9–Justus Jonas,German Protestant reformer (b.1493)
- October 16
- Hugh Latimer,English clergyman (burned at the stake) (b. c.1487)
- Nicholas Ridley,English clergyman (burned at the stake)
- Sue Harukata,Japanese retainer under theOuchi clan(b.1521)
- October 26–Olympia Fulvia Morata,Italian classical scholar (b.1526)
- November 4–Agnes of Hesse,German nobleman, by marriage, Princess of Saxony (b.1527)
- November 12
- Stephen Gardiner,English bishop and Lord Chancellor (b.1493)
- Yang Jisheng,Ming Chinese statesman (beheaded) (b.1516)
- Zhang Jing,Ming Chinese general (beheaded)
- November 21–Georgius Agricola,German scientist (b.1490)
- December–Stanisław Kostka,Polish noble (b.1487)
- December 9–Elisabeth of Culemborg,German noble (b.1475)
References
[edit]- ^Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).The Chronology of British History.London: Century Ltd. pp. 150–153.ISBN0-7126-5616-2.
- ^Williams, Hywel (2005).Cassell's Chronology of World History.London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.ISBN0-304-35730-8.
- ^Goldsmid, E. (ed.) (1886).The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation, collected byRichard Hakluyt,Preacher,Vol. III: North-Eastern Europe and Adjacent Countries, Part II: The Muscovy Company and the North-Eastern Passage. Edinburgh: E. & G. Goldsmid.pp. 101-112.
- ^Maureen E. Buja (1996).Antonio Barré and Music Printing in Mid-sixteenth Century Rome.University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. p. 81.
- ^Chacón, col. 810-811; Panvinio, s. 427-428; por. Setton, s. 617.
- ^Pastor, Ludwig von.History of the Popes.T. 14. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1924
- ^Paul Johnson (1997).The Papacy.Barnes & Noble Books. p. 216.ISBN978-0-7607-0755-5.
- ^abRonald Love (March 14, 2001).Blood and Religion: The Conscience of Henri IV.McGill-Queen's Press - MQUP. pp. 25–.ISBN978-0-7735-6884-6.
- ^
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain:Cooper, Thompson(1898). "Thirlby, Thomas".InLee, Sidney(ed.).Dictionary of National Biography.Vol. 56. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 137.
- ^"Significant Earthquake Information India: Kashmir: Srinagar".ngdc.noaa.gov.NCEI.RetrievedAugust 7,2021.
- ^Stephen R. Turnbull,The Samurai: A Military History,( New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1977) pp. 131–134
- ^Parkman, Francis (1983).France and England in North America Vol 1.New York, New York: Library of America. pp. 33–41.
- ^"Marian Government Policies".RetrievedJuly 5,2007.
- ^Lee, Frederick George (December 6, 1888)."Reginald Pole, Cardinal Archbishop of Canterbury: an historical sketch, with an introductory prologue and practical epilogue".London: J. C. Nimmo – via Internet Archive.
- ^Hadfield, Andrew (2004)."Eden, Richard (c.1520–1576)".Oxford Dictionary of National Biography(online ed.). Oxford University Press.doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8454.RetrievedDecember 12,2011.(Subscription orUK public library membershiprequired.)
- ^Ireland. Dept. of Foreign Affairs (1987).Ireland today.Information Section, Dept. of Foreign Affairs.RetrievedJune 9,2012.
- ^Mack P. Holt (May 2, 2002).The Duke of Anjou and the Politique Struggle During the Wars of Religion.Cambridge University Press. p. 7.ISBN978-0-521-89278-0.
- ^"Julius III | pope".Encyclopedia Britannica.RetrievedMay 3,2019.
- ^Catherine Atkinson (2007).Inventing Inventors in Renaissance Europe: Polydore Vergil's De Inventoribus Rerum.Mohr Siebeck. p. 86.ISBN978-3-16-149187-0.