1968 in poetry
Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance,IrishorFrance).
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Events
[edit]
- January 1 –Cecil Day-Lewisis announced as the newPoet Laureateof the UK.[1]
- May 19 –The Last Poets,originally comprisingFelipe Luciano,Gylan Kainand David Nelson, form atMarcus Garvey ParkinEast Harlem,New York City, onMalcolm X's birthday.
- November 23 –Roy Fulleris elected professor of poetry atOxford University(with 385 votes) to succeedEdmund Blunden,who unexpectedly left. Other nominees wereKathleen Raine,Enid StarkieandYevgeni Yevtushenko.
- TheArvon Foundationis established by young poets John Fairfax andJohn Moatin the UK to promotecreative writing.
- The Belfast Group,a grouping of poets inBelfast,Northern Ireland, which was started in1963 in poetryand lapsed in1966when founderPhilip Hobsbaumleft for Glasgow, is reconstituted this year by Michael Allen, Arthur Terry, andSeamus Heaney.At various times, the group also includesMichael Longley,James Simmons,Paul Muldoon,Ciaran Carson,Stewart Parker,Bernard MacLavertyand the criticEdna Longley.Meetings are held at Seamus and Marie Heaney's house on Ashley Avenue. The group will last until1972.
- The first translations and book-length discussion ofEnheduanna's work is published.[2]She is aSumerianpriestess and poet of the 23rd century BC and the earliest named author known to history.
- The Honest Ulsterman,a long-running Northern Ireland literary magazine, is established this year byJames Simmons.It is then edited for 20 years byFrank Ormsby.
Works published in English
[edit]Listed by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
- Leonard Cohen,Selected Poems, 1956-1968
- Irving Layton,The Shattered Plinths,60 new poems.[3]
- Dennis Lee,Civil Elegies.Toronto: Anansi.[4]
- Dorothy Livesay,The Documentaries.[5]Poems from the 1930s and 1940s, and including "Roots", a long poem
- Pat Lowther,This Difficult Flowering
- Jay Macpherson,The Boatman and Other Poems.Toronto: Oxford UP.[6]
- E. J. Pratt,Selected Poems of E. J. Pratt,Peter Buitenhuis ed., Toronto: Macmillan.[7]
- Al Purdy,Wild Grape Wine
- Joe Rosenblatt,Winter of the Luna Moth.Toronto: Anansi.[8]
- W.W.E. Ross,Shapes & sounds: poems of W. W. E. Ross(with a portrait byDennis Burton,a memoir byBarry Callaghan,and an editorial note byRaymond SousterandJohn Robert Colombo). (Toronto: Longman's)[9]
- Raymond Souster,Lost and Found: Uncollected Poems.Toronto: Clarke, Irwin.[10]
- Anthologies in Canada
- Mary Alice DownieandBarbara Robertson,editors,The Wind Has Wings,anthology of 77 Canadian poems for children
- Dennis Lee,editor,T.O. Now,anthology of 13 "apprentice poets living in Toronto"
- R. ParthasarathyPoetry from Leeds( Poetry inEnglish).Leeds:Oxford University Press,UK1968.
- G. S. Sharat Chandra,Bharat Natyam Dancer and Other Poems( Poetry inEnglish),Calcutta:Writers Workshop,India.[11]
- Deb Kumar Das,The Eye of Autumn: An Experiment in Poetry( Poetry inEnglish),Calcutta:Writers Workshop,India'[11]
- Ira De,The Hunt and Other Poems,revised edition, ( Poetry inEnglish),Calcutta:Writers Workshop,India(see also first edition1961)[11]
- Gauri Deshpande,Between Births( Poetry inEnglish),Calcutta:Writers Workshop,India[11]
- Indira Devi Dhanrajgir,Partings in Mimosa,Hyderabad[11]
- Guari Deshpande,Between Births( Poetry inEnglish),Calcutta:Writers Workshop,India[12]
- Paul Jacob,Sonnets( Poetry inEnglish),Calcutta:Writers Workshop,India[13]
- S. R. Mokashi-Punekar,P. Lal: An Appreciation( Poetry inEnglish),Calcutta:Writers Workshop,India[14]
- Dom Moraes,My Son's Father,autobiography[15]
- Srinavas Rayaprol,Bones & Distances( Poetry inEnglish),Calcutta:Writers Workshop,India[16]
- Pradip Sen,And Then the Sun,revised edition (first edition,1960,( Poetry inEnglish),Calcutta:Writers Workshop,India[17]
- Vinay K. Varma,Poppies and Ashes[18]
- Swami Vivekananda,Search of God and Other Poems,Calcutta:Advaita Ashram[19]
- Suniti NamjoshiandSarojini Namjoshi,translators,Poems of Govindagraj,translated fromMarathi,Calcutta:Writers Workshop,India[20]
- W. H. Auden:
- Dannie Abse,A Small Desperation
- Kingsley Amis,A Look Round the Estate
- Edward Brathwaite,Masks
- Basil Bunting,Collected Poems[21]
- Charles Causley,Underneath the Water[21]
- Stewart Conn,Stoats in Sunlight
- Tony Connor,Kon in Springtime
- Maureen Duffy,Lyrics for the Dog Hour[21]
- D. J. Enright,Unlawful Assembly[21]
- Gavin Ewart,The Deceptive Grin of the Gravel Porters[21]
- James Fenton,Our Western Furniture[21][22]
- Roy Fuller,New Poems[21]
- William R. P. George-Cerddi'r Neraig
- Zulfikar Ghose,Jets from Orange
- Robert Graves,Poems 1965–1968[21]
- Harry Guest,Arrangements
- John Heath-Stubbs,Satires and Epigrams[21]
- Adrian Henri,Tonight at Noon[21]
- John Hewitt,NorthernIrishpoet published in the United Kingdom,The Day of the Corncrake[23]
- Norman Jackson,Beyond the Habit of Sense
- A. Norman Jeffares,A New Commentary On The Poems Of W.B. Yeats,criticism[24]
- James Kirkup,Paper Windows[21]
- George MacBeth,The Night of Stones[21]
- Norman MacCaig,Rings on a Tree[21]
- Derek Mahon,Night-Crossing,[21]Oxford University Press
- Adrian Mitchell,Out Loud
- Edwin Morgan,The Second Life,his first collection and the first in Britain to be typeset by computer[25]
- Richard Murphy,The Battle of Aughrim
- Ruth Pitter,Poems 1926–1966[21]
- J. H. Prynne,Kitchen Poems[21]
- Edith Anne Robertson,Translations Into the Scots Tongue of Poems By Gerard Manley Hopkins[26]
- Muriel Spark,Collected PoemsVolume 1
- R. S. Thomas,Not That He Brought Flowers[21]
- J. R. R. Tolkien,The Road Goes Ever On,first published in the United States1967[21]
- Vernon Watkins,Fidelities[21]
Anthologies in the United Kingdom
[edit]- John Bishop,Music and Sweet Poetry,poems about music
- Rodney HallandThomas Shapcott,editors,New Impulses in Australian Poetry
- Howard Sergeant,Poetry from Africa(published in the United Kingdom), including work fromGabriel Okara(Nigeria),Gaston Bart-Williams(Sierra Leone),Kwesi Brew(Ghana) andDavid Rubadiri(Malawi)
- Jean SergeantandHoward Sergeant,Poems from Hospital
- Joan Murray Simpson,Without Adam: The Femina Anthology of Poetry,poems by women
- James Agee,The Collected Poems of James Agee,including 60 poems previously unpublished in books (posthumous)
- A. R. Ammons,Selected Poems
- Paul Blackburn,In. On. Or About The Premises
- Gwendolyn Brooks,In the Mecca
- Raymond Carver,Near Klamath
- Stanley Cooperman,The Day of the Parrot and Other Poems
- Robert Creeley,Pieces
- Ed DornandGordon Brotherston,translators,Our Word: Guerilla Poems From Latin America,Grossman[27]
- Ed Dorn,Gunslinger,Black Sparrow Press[27]
- Robert Duncan,Bending the Bow
- Allen Ginsberg,T.V. Baby Poems
- John Hollander,Types of Shape
- Etheridge Knight,Poems from Prison
- Rod McKuen,Lonesome Cities
- Archibald MacLeish,The Wild Wicked Old Man and Other Poems
- Ogden Nash,There's Always Another Windmill
- Howard Nemerov,The Winter Lightning: Selected Poems
- Lorine Niedecker,North Central(Fulcrum Press: London)
- Ned O'Gorman,The Harversters' Vase
- George Oppen,Of Being Numerous
- Kenneth Rexroth,Collected Longer Poems
- Charles Reznikoff,secondTestimonycollection
- Aram Saroyan,Aram Saroyan,Random House
- Karl Shapiro,Selected Poems(more than 200, including 25 previously unpublished)
- L. E. Sissman,Dying: An Introduction
- Mark Strand,Reasons for Moving,Canadiannative published in the United States
- Alice Walker,Once
Anthologies in the United States
[edit]- Paul Carroll,editor,The Young American Poets,anthology of 54 poets
- LeRoi JonesandLarry Neal,editors,Black Fire,an anthology of African-American poetry
- Phyllis McGinley,editor,Wonders and Surprises,anthology for juveniles, including poems byElinor Wylie,E. B. White,Langston HughesandT. S. Eliot
Other in English
[edit]- Edward Brathwaite,Masks,second part of hisThe Arrivantstrilogy, which also includesRights of Passage(1967) andIslands(1969),Caribbean[28]
- Kendrick Smithyman,Flying to Palmerston,Christchurch: Auckland University & Oxford University Press,New Zealand
- R. Hall and T. Shapcott, editors,New Impulses in Australian Poetry,anthology,Australia[29]
- Richard Murphy,The Battle of Aughrim,Ireland[30]
Works published in other languages
[edit]Listed by language and often by nation where the work was first published and again by the poet's native land, if different; substantially revised works listed separately:
- Per Højholt,Turbo
- Hans Jørgen Nielsen,Fra luften i munden
- Thorkild Bjørnvig,Ravnen
French language
[edit]- Jean-Guy Pilon,Comme eau retenue: poèmes 1954-1963,Montréal: l'Hexagone[31]
- Yves Préfontaine,Pays sans parole
- P. Albert-Birot,Poètes d'aujourd'hui(posthumous), edited byJ. Follain
- Marc Alyn,La Nuit majeure
- J. Berthet:
- Poèsiepures
- Quelconqueries
- J. Bancal,L'Épreuve du feu
- André du Bouchet,OU LE SOLEIL[32]
- A. Bosquet,Quatre Testaments et autres poèmes
- Andrée Chedid,Contre–Chant[33]
- Rene Char,Dans la pluie giboyeuse[32]
- C. Fourcade,De Lumière et de nuit
- L. Foucher,Argyne et les Gypaètes,third part of a trilogy
- André Frénaud,La Sainte Face[32]
- Armel Lubin,Feux contre feux
- F. Millepierres,Cheval noir et cheval blanc
- Raymond Queneau,Battre la campagne[32]
- G. Puel,La Lumière du jour
- Denis Roche,Éros énergumène[32]
- Jean Tardieu,Le Fleuve caché[33]
German language
[edit]- Paul Celan,Threadsuns(Fadensonnen)
- A. Shlonsky,Mishiai ha-Perozdor ha-Aroch( "From the Poems of the Long Corridor" )
- A. Gilboa,Lichtov Siftai Yeshainim( "To Write from the Lips of the Sleepers" ),Israel
- Haim Gouri,Tenua le-Maga( "A Move to Touch" )[34]
- A. Halfi,Mivhar Shirimx( "Selected Poems" )
- A. Kovner,Ahot Ketana( "Little Sister" )
- B. Galai,Massa Zafonah( "Northward Journey" )
- D. Pagis,ShiraiLevi Ibn Altabban(prose), a study of the Medieval Hebrew poet's work
Listed in Alpha betical order by first name:
- Buddhidhari Singha,Sarasayya,a long poem published as a book;Maithili-language[35]
- Nilmani Phookan,Aru Ki Naisabda,Guwahati, Assam: Dutta Barua;India,Assamese-language[36]
- Varavara Rao(better known as "VV" ),Chali NegalluorChalinegallu( "Camp Fires" ), Hanamkonda: Svecha Sahiti;India,Telugu-language[37]
- Giorgio Vigolo,La luce ricorda,collection of poems from 1923 and after
- Sergio Solmi,Dal balcone
- Giovanni Testori,L'amore
- Giuseppe Guglielmi,Panglosse blandimentis oramentis coeteris meretriciis
- Andrea Zalzotto,La beltà
- Franco Fortini,Una volta per sempre
- Angela Giannitrapani,Professione di poesia
- Arnulf Øverland,De hundrede fioliner: Dikt i utvalg(posthumous)
- Tor Obrestad,Vårt daglige brød
- Arnljot Eggen,Roller og røynd
- Hallvard Lie,Norsk verslære,a scholarly study on Norwegian poetry
Portuguese language
[edit]- João Cabral de Melo Neto,Complete Works
- Augusto de Campos,Haroldo de CamposandBoris Schnaiderman,editors:
- An anthology of modern Russian poetry from Symbolism to the present in Portuguese
- Traduzir e Trovar,an anthology of translated poetry, including poetry from France, Italy and England.
Criticism and theory
[edit]- Augusto de Campos,O balanço da Bossa,a study of the relationship of Brazilian popular music to "vanguardist" poetry
- Luiz Costa Lima,Lira e Antilira,essays on modern Brazilian poetry
- Décio Pignatari,Informação, Linguagem, Communicação,critical study of vanguardist art and mass culture
- Aleksandr Tvardovsky,Selected Lyrics 1959-67
- Alexander Mezhirov,Лебяжий переулок( "Swan's Lane" ),Russia,Soviet Union
- Robert Rozhdestvensky,Poem from Various Points of View
- Yaroslav Smelyakov,December,poems published serially in the periodicalFriendship Between the Peopleslast year and this year
Spanish language
[edit]- Rafael Méndez Dorich,Cantos Rodados(Lima),Peru[38]
- Nicanor Parra,Canciones rusas,Chile
- Emma Godoy,a book interpreting of "Muerte sin fin" byJosé Gorostiza,Mexico
- Lars Forssell,a book of poetry
- Johannes Edfelt,a book of poetry
- Petter Bergman,a book of poetry
- Lars Gustalfsson,a book of poetry
United States
[edit]- Yaykev Glatshteyn,a book of poems
- Aron Tseytlin,Poems of the Holocaust and Poems of Faith
- Efroyim Oyerbakh,a book of poems
- I. J. Shvarts,a book of poems
- Itsik Manger,a book of poems
- Eliezer Grinberg,a book of poems
- Rokhl Korn,a book of poems
- A. Glants-Leyeles,I Do Remember(posthumous)
Israel
[edit]- Malke Loker,a book of poems
- Leyb Olitski,a book of poems
- Avrom Lev,a book of poems
- I. Manik,a book of poems
- Binem Heler,a book of poems
- Rivke Basman,a book of poems
- Abraham Sutzkever,Square Letters and Miracles
Soviet Union
[edit]- Itsik Fefer,a book of poems
- Zyame Telesin,a book of poems
- Mendl Lifshits,a book of poems
Poland
[edit]- Eliyohu Reyzman,a book of poems
- P. Tsibulski,a book of poems (posthumous)
Other languages
[edit]- Nizar Qabbani,Diary of an Indifferent Woman,Syrianpoet writing inArabic
Awards and honors
[edit]- See1968 Governor General's Awardsfor a complete list of winners and finalists for those awards.
- Canadian Centennial Commission poetry competition: First prize:Margaret Atwood,The Animals in That Country
- Cholmondeley Award:Harold Massingham,Edwin Morgan
- Eric Gregory Award:James Aitchison,Douglas Dunn,Brian Jones
- Queen's Gold Medal for Poetry:Robert Graves
- American Academy of Arts and Letters Gold Medal in Poetry,W. H. Auden
- Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress(later the post would be called "Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress" ):William Jay Smithappointed this year.
- National Book Award for Poetry:Robert Bly,The Light Around the Body
- Pulitzer Prize for Poetry:Anthony Hecht,The Hard Hours
- Fellowship of the Academy of American Poets:Stanley Kunitz
Births
[edit]- July 2 –A. E. Stallings,Americanpoet[39]
- Dates not known:
- Mark Bibbins,Americanpoet
- Nan Cohen,Americanpoet
- Jun Er,Chinesepoet[40]
- Patrick McGuinness,Englishpoet and academic
- Michael Teig,Americanpoet
Deaths
[edit]Birth years link to the corresponding "[year] in poetry" article:
- January 1 –Donagh MacDonagh,55,Irishpoet, playwright and judge
- January 13 –William Williams (Crwys),93,Welshpoet
- January 14 –Dorothea Mackellar,82,Australianpoet and writer
- January 18 –Gamel Woolsey,72,Americanpoet and writer, in Spain
- January 20 –David Derek Stacton,42,Americannovelist, historian and poet
- January 25 –Yvor Winters,67,Americanliterary critic and poet
- February 16 –Jaime Sabartés,55,Spanishpoet and longtime secretary toPablo Picasso
- March 16 –Gunnar Ekelöf,60,Swedishpoet
- March 25 –Arnulf Øverland,78,Norwegianpoet
- April 26 –Donald Davidson,74,Americanpoet, essayist, social and literary critic and author, organizer of the Nashville circle of poets called theFugitivesand an overlapping group, theSouthern Agrarians
- April 28 –Winfield Townley Scott,58,Americanpoet
- May –Erik Lindegren58,Swedishpoet
- May 9 –George Dillon,62,Americanpoet and editor
- June 1 –Witter Bynner,86,Americanpoet, writer and scholar
- June 8 –Mira Mendelson,53 (born1915),Russianpoet, writer, translator and librettist, heart attack
- June 12 – SirHerbert Read,74,Englishpoet and critic of literature and art
- June 14 –Salvatore Quasimodo,66,Italianpoet
- June 17 –Aleksei Kruchenykh,82,RussianFuturistpoet
- November 17 –Mervyn Peake,57,Britishmodernist writer, artist, poet and illustrator
- December 10 –Thomas Merton,53 (born1915),Americanpoet, author and Roman Catholic monk, in a freak accident in a visit to Bangkok, Thailand
- December 24 –D. Gwenallt Jones,69,Welshpoet
- date not known –Eckart Peterich(born1900),Germanpoet
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- Lal, P.,Modern Indian Poetry in English: An Anthology & a Credo,p.........., Calcutta: Writers Workshop, second edition, 1971 (however, on page 597 an "editor's note" states contents "on the following pages are a supplement to the first edition" and is dated "1972" ); hereafter: "P. Lal (1971)"
- ^Marshall, Rita (1968-01-02). "C Day Lewis Is Poet Laureate".The Times.No. 57138. p. 1.
- ^Hallo, William W.;Van Dijk, J.J.A. (1968).The Exaltation of Inanna.New Haven: Yale University Press.
- ^"Irving Layton: PublicationsArchived2011-07-14 at theWayback Machine,"Canadian Poetry Online, Web, May 7, 2011.
- ^"Dennis Lee: PublicationsArchived2011-04-09 at theWayback Machine,"Canadian Poetry Online, UToronto.ca, Web, Apr. 19, 2011.
- ^"Dorothy Livesay (1909-1996): Works "Archived2012-09-05 at theWayback Machine,Canadian Women Poets, Brock University. Web, Mar. 18, 2011.
- ^"Jay Macpherson, 1931-",Canadian Women Poets," BrockU.ca, Web, Apr. 10, 2011
- ^Selected Poems of E. J. Pratt,Peter Buitenhuis ed., Toronto: Macmillan, 1968.
- ^"Joe Rosenblatt: PublicationsArchived2011-08-14 at theWayback Machine,"Canadian Poetry Online. Web, Mar. 22, 2011.
- ^"Shapes & sounds: poems of W. W. E. Ross," OpenLibrary.org, Web, Apr. 8, 2011
- ^"Notes on Life and WorksArchived2011-08-17 at theWayback Machine,"Selected Poetry of Raymond Souster, Representative Poetry Online, UToronto.ca, Web, May 7, 2011.
- ^abcdeNaik, M. K.,Perspectives on Indian poetry in English,p. 230, (published by Abhinav Publications, 1984,ISBN0-391-03286-0,ISBN978-0-391-03286-6), retrieved via Google Books, June 12, 2009
- ^P. Lal (1971), p 138
- ^P. Lal (1971), p 218
- ^P. Lal (1971), p 339
- ^P. Lal (1971), p 335
- ^P. Lal (1971), p 472
- ^P. Lal (1971), p 512
- ^P. Lal (1971), p 572
- ^R. Saraswathi,"The Theme of Love in Sri Aurobindo'sSavitri",p 64, inIndian English Poetry: Critical Perspectives,edited by Jaydipsinh Dodiya, 2000, Delhi: Prabhat Kumar Sharma for Sarup & Sons,ISBN81-7625-111-9,retrieved via Google Books on July 17, 2010
- ^Web page titled"Suniti Namjoshi"Archived2010-02-02 at theWayback Machine,Poetry International website, retrieved July 28, 2010
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvCox, Michael, ed. (2004).The Concise Oxford Chronology of English Literature.Oxford University Press.ISBN0-19-860634-6.
- ^Fenton, James(2012-03-10)."Books by Fenton".James Fenton Website (jamesfenton ).James Fenton.Retrieved2012-07-30.
- ^McSparran, Malachy."About the Society, 45 Years On".Glens of Antrim Historical Society. Archived fromthe originalon 2011-10-06.Retrieved2012-07-30.
- ^Sutherland, John(2005-04-14)."Obituary: A. Norman Jeffares".The Guardian.London.Retrieved2008-04-22.
- ^Britannica Book of the Year 1969,covering events of 1968, published in 1969, "Literature" article, "English" subsection, page 473
- ^"Papers of Edith Anne Stewart Robertson and James Alexander Robertson".Archives Hub.Archived fromthe originalon 2012-12-22.Retrieved2012-07-25.
- ^abWeb page titled"Archive / Edward Dorn (1929-1999)"at the Poetry Foundation website, retrieved May 8, 2008
- ^"Selected Timeline of Anglophone Caribbean Poetry"in Williams, Emily Allen,Anglophone Caribbean Poetry, 1970–2001: An Annotated Bibliography,page xvii and following pages, Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002,ISBN978-0-313-31747-7,retrieved via Google Books, February 7, 2009
- ^Preminger, Alex and T.V.F. Brogan, et al., editors,The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics,1993, Princeton University Press and MJF Books, "Australian Poetry" article, Anthologies section, p 108
- ^Crotty, Patrick,Modern Irish Poetry: An Anthology,Belfast, The Blackstaff Press Ltd., 1995,ISBN0-85640-561-2
- ^Web page titled"Jean-Guy Pilon"Archived2011-07-06 at theWayback Machineat L’Académie des lettres du Québec website (in French), retrieved October 20, 2010
- ^abcdeAuster, Paul, editor,The Random House Book of Twentieth-Century French Poetry: with Translations by American and British Poets,New York: Random House, 1982ISBN0-394-52197-8
- ^abBree, Germaine,Twentieth-Century French Literature,translated by Louise Guiney, Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1983
- ^"Archived copy".Archived fromthe originalon 2007-09-30.Retrieved2007-10-06.
{{cite web}}:CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)Web page titled "Haim Gouri" at the Institute for the Translation of Hebrew Literature Web site, accessed October 6, 2007 - ^Das, Sisir Kumar and various,History of Indian Literature: 1911-1956: struggle for freedom: triumph and tragedy, Volume 2,1995, published bySahitya Akademi,ISBN978-81-7201-798-9,retrieved via Google Books on December 23, 2008
- ^Web page titled"Nilmani Phookan"Archived2011-07-21 at theWayback Machineat the "Poetry International" website, retrieved July 16, 2010
- ^Web page titled"Varavara Rao"Archived2012-02-14 at theWayback Machineat the "Poetry International" website; and Gopal, Venu,"Varavara Rao - A brief sketch by N. Venu Gopal (December 15, 2005)"Archived2010-04-20 at theWayback Machine,December 15, 2005, Venu Gopal website, retrieved August 2, 2010
- ^Web page titled"Rafael Méndez Dorich,"Archived2012-03-31 at theWayback MachineSol Negrowebsite, retrieved August 20, 2011
- ^Web page titled "Archive: A. E. Stallings (1968- )"at the Poetry Foundation website, accessed April 24, 2008
- ^Patten, Simon,"Jun Er"Archived2011-07-27 at theWayback Machine,article on Poetry International website, retrieved November 22, 2008