A-0 System
TheA-0 system(Arithmetic Language version 0) was an early[1]compilerrelated tool developed for electronic computers, written byGrace Murray Hopper[2]in 1951 and 1952 originally for theUNIVAC I.[3]The A-0 functioned more as aloaderorlinkerthan the modern notion of a compiler.[4][5][6]A program was specified as a sequence of subroutines and its arguments. The subroutines were identified by a numeric code and the arguments to the subroutines were written directly after each subroutine code. The A-0 system converted the specification intomachine codethat could be fed into the computer a second time to execute the said program.
The A-0 system was followed by the A-1, A-2,[7]A-3 (released asARITH-MATIC), AT-3 (released asMATH-MATIC), and B-0 (released asFLOW-MATIC).
The A-2 system was developed at theUNIVAC division of Remington Randin 1953 and released to customers by the end of that year.[8]Customers were provided the source code for A-2 and invited to send their improvements back to UNIVAC. Thus, A-2 could be considered an example of the result of an early philosophy similar tofree and open-source software.[9]
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^"List of early compilers and assemblers".
- ^Ridgway, Richard (1952). "Compiling routines".Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) on - ACM '52.pp. 1–5.doi:10.1145/800259.808980.ISBN9781450379250.S2CID14878552.
- ^Hopper "Keynote Address", Sammet pg. 12
- ^Hopper, Grace."Keynote Address".Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages (HOPL) conference, June 1978.doi:10.1145/800025.1198341.
- ^Bruderer, Herbert."Did Grace Hopper Create the First Compiler?".
- ^Strawn, George; Strawn, Candace (2015)."Grace Hopper: Compilers and Cobol".IT Professional.17(Jan.-Feb. 2015): 62–64.doi:10.1109/MITP.2015.6.
- ^*"PAPERS: Automatic Programming: The A 2 Compiler System -- Part I".Computers and Automation.4(9): 25–29. Sep 1955.Retrieved2020-09-05.
- "PAPERS: Automatic Programming: The A 2 Compiler System -- Part II".Computers and Automation.4(10): 15–27. Oct 1955.Retrieved2020-09-05.
- ^Ceruzzi, Paul (1998).A History of Modern Computing.The MIT Press.ISBN9780262032551.
- ^"Heresy & Heretical Open Source: A Heretic's Perspective".
External links
[edit]References
[edit]- Hopper, Grace (May 1952)."The Education of a Computer"(PDF).Proceedings of the Association for Computing Machinery Conference (Pittsburgh) May 1952.pp. 243–249.doi:10.1145/609784.609818.
- Hopper, Grace (16 February 1955)."Automatic Coding for Digital Computers"(PDF).High Speed Computer Conference (Louisiana State University) February 1955.Remington Rand.
- Hopper, Grace. "Keynote Address".Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN History of Programming Languages (HOPL) conference.
- Ridgway, Richard K. (1952). "Compiling Routines".Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting (Toronto) ACM '52.
- Sammet, Jean (1969).Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals.Prentice-Hall. pp. g. 12.