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Batgirl

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Not to be confused withBatwoman,another DC Comics superheroine with a similar name.
This article is about the DC Comics character from the Batman fictional milieu. For other uses, seeBatgirl (disambiguation).
Batgirl
Barbara Gordon, Cassandra Cain, and Stephanie Brown on a variant cover forBatgirls#1 (February 2022) by Alex Garner.
PublisherDC Comics
First appearanceBatman#139 (April1961)
Created byBill Finger(writer)
Sheldon Moldoff(art)
Characters
Batgirl
Batgirl#1 (April 2000)
featuring the Cassandra Cain version of the character,
art byDamion Scott
Series publication information
PublisherDC Comics
ScheduleMonthly
Format
List
Genre
Publication date
List
  • (vol. 1)
    April 2000 – April 2006
  • (vol. 2)
    September 2008 – February 2009
  • (vol. 3)
    October 2009 – October 2011
  • (vol. 4)
    November 2011 – July 2016
  • (vol. 5)
    September 2016 – December 2020
  • (Batgirls)
    February 2022 – August 2023
Number of issues
List
  • (vol. 1):73 + 1Annual
  • (vol. 2):6
  • (vol. 3):24
  • (vol. 4):53 (#1–52, 0) + 3 Annuals
  • (vol. 5):50 + 2 Annuals and aDC Rebirthone-shot
  • (Batgirls):19 + 1 Annual
Main character(s)
List
Creative team
Writer(s)
List
Penciller(s)
List
Inker(s)
List
  • (vol. 1)
    • Robert Campanella
    • Andy Owens
    • Jesse Delperdang
  • (vol. 3)
    • Trevor Scott
    • Dereck Fridolfs
  • (vol. 4)
    • Vicente Cifuentes
    • Jonathan Glapion
Colorist(s)
List
  • (vol. 1)
    • Jason Wright
  • (vol. 2)
    • Nathan Eyring
  • (vol. 3)
    • Guy Major
  • (vol. 4)
    • Ulises Arreola
    • Kevin Senft
    • Maris Wicks
    (vol. 5)

Batgirlis the name of several fictionalsuperheroinesappearing inAmerican comic bookspublished byDC Comics,depicted as female counterparts and allies to the superheroBatman.The characterBetty Kanewas introduced into publication in 1961 byBill FingerandSheldon MoldoffasBat-Girl,and was replaced in 1967 byBarbara Gordon,who became the most iconic Batgirl.[1][2]The character debuted inDetective Comics#359 (January 1967) by writerGardner Foxand artistCarmine Infantino,introduced as the niece/adoptive daughter of police commissionerJames Gordon.

Batgirl operates inGotham City,allying herself with Batman and the originalRobin,Dick Grayson,along with othermasked vigilantes.The character appeared regularly inDetective Comics,Batman Family,and several other books produced by DC until 1988. That year, Barbara Gordon appeared inBarbara Kesel'sBatgirl Special#1, in which she retires from crime-fighting. She subsequently appeared inAlan Moore's graphic novelBatman: The Killing Jokewhere, in her civilian identity, she is shot by theJokerand leftparaplegic.Although she is reimagined as the computer expert and information broker Oracle by editorKim Yaleand writerJohn Ostranderthe following year, her paralysis sparked debate about theportrayal of women in comics,particularly violence depicted toward female characters.

In the 1999 storyline "No Man's Land",the characterHelena Bertinelli,known asHuntress,briefly assumes the role of Batgirl until she is stripped of the identity by Batman for violating his stringent codes. Within the same storyline, the characterCassandra Cainis introduced. Cain is written as the daughter of assassinsDavid CainandLady Shivaand takes the mantle of Batgirl under the guidance of Batman and Oracle. In 2000, she became the first Batgirl to star in an eponymous monthly comic book series, in addition to becoming one of the most prominent characters of Asian descent to appear in American comics. The series was canceled in 2006, at which point during the company-wide storyline "One Year Later",she is established as a villain and head of theLeague of Assassins.After receiving harsh feedback from readership, she is later restored to her original conception. However, the characterStephanie Brown,originally known as Spoiler and later Robin, succeeds her as Batgirl after Cassandra Cain abandons the role.

Stephanie Brown became the featured character of theBatgirlseries from 2009 to 2011, prior to DC'sThe New 52relaunch, which established Barbara Gordon recovering from her paralysis following a surgical procedure and starring as the title character ofBatgirlonce again. Barbara later returned to the Oracle role withInfinite Frontierin 2020, and currently operates as both Batgirl and Oracle, with Cassandra and Stephanie also serving as Batgirls. The Barbara Gordon version of Batgirl has been adapted into various media relating to theBatman franchise,including television, film, animation, video games, and other merchandise.Dan DiDio,co-publisher of DC Comics, expressed that Barbara is the best-known version of the character.

Publication history

[edit]

Detective Comics,Batman Family,and other appearances (1961–1988)

[edit]
Barbara Gordon as Batgirl: art byBrian Stelfreeze

Following the accusations of a homoerotic subtext in the depiction of the relationship between Batman andRobinas described inFredric Wertham's bookSeduction of the Innocent(1954), a female character, Kathy Kane theBatwoman,appeared in 1956 as alove interestfor Batman.[3]In 1961, DC Comics introduced a second female character as a love interest for Robin.[3]Betty Kane as "Bat-Girl" arrived as the niece of, and Robin-like sidekick to, Batwoman, first appearing inBatman#139 (April 1961).[4]The creation of theBatman family,which included Batman and Batwoman depicted as parents, Robin and Bat-Girl depicted as their children, theextraterrestrialimpBat-Miteand the "family pet"Ace the Bat-Hound,caused the Batman-related comic books to take "a wrong turn, switching from superheroes to situational comedy".[3]

DC Comics abandoned these characters in 1964 when newly appointed Batman-editorJulius Schwartzjudged them too silly and therefore inappropriate.[5]Schwartz had asserted that these characters should be removed, considering the Batman related comic books had steadily declined in sales, and restored the Batman mythology to its original conception of heroic vigilantism.[3]Bat-Girl, along with other characters in the Batman Family, wereretconnedout of existence following the 1985 limited seriesCrisis on Infinite Earths.[6]However, even though Bat-Girl did not exist in the Post-Crisiscontinuity, a modified version of the character, Mary Elizabeth "Bette" Kane, introduced as the superheroFlamebird,continues to appear in DC Comics publications.[7]

Schwartz stated that he had been asked to develop a new female character to attract a female viewership to theBatmantelevision series of the 1960s.[8]Executive producerWilliam Doziersuggested that the new character would be the daughter of Gotham City's Police Commissioner James Gordon, and that she would adopt the identity of Batgirl.[9]When Dozier and producer Howie Horowitz saw rough concept artwork of the new Batgirl by artistCarmine Infantinoduring a visit to DC offices, they optioned the character in a bid to help sell a third season to theABCtelevision network. Infantino reflected on the creation of Batgirl, stating "Bob Kane had had a Bat-Girl for about three stories in the ’50s but she had nothing to do with a bat. She was like a pesky girl version of Robin. I knew we could do a lot better, so Julie and I came up with the real Batgirl, who was so popular she almost got her own TV show."[10]Yvonne Craigportrayed the character in the show's third season.[11]Barbara Gordon and her alter ego Batgirl debuted inDetective Comics#359, "The Million Dollar Debut of Batgirl" (1967). In the debut story, while driving to a costume ball dressed as a female version of Batman, Barbara Gordon intervenes in a kidnapping attempt on Bruce Wayne by the supervillainKiller Moth,attracting Batman's attention and leading to a crimefighting career. Although Batman insists she give up crimefighting because of her gender, Batgirl disregards his objections.[12]

In her civilian identity, Dr. Barbara Gordon is a career woman with a doctorate in library science, as well as being head of the Gotham City Public Library, "presumably one of the largest public libraries in the DC Comics version of reality."[13]She was given a regular back-up slot inDetective Comicsstarting with issue #384 (February 1969), alternating issues with Robin until issue #404, after which she had the back-up slot to herself.Frank Robbinswrote nearly all of these back-ups, which were penciled first byGil Kaneand later byDon Heck.[9]Barbara Gordon's Batgirl exceeded the earlier Bat-Girl and Batwoman characters in popularity, and readers requested for her to appear in other titles. Although some readers requested that Batwoman also continue to appear in publication, DC responded to the fan-based acclaim and criticism of the new character in an open letter inDetective Comics#417 (1971),[14]stating: "I'd like to say a few words about the reaction some readers have to Batgirl. These are readers who remember Batwoman and the other Bat-girls from years back... They were there because romance seemed to be needed in Batman's life. But thanks to the big change and a foresighted editor, these hapless females are gone for good. In their place stands a girl who is a capable crime-fighter, a far cry from Batwoman who constantly had to be rescued [by] Batman."[5]

Batgirl continued to appear in DC Comics publications throughout the late 1960s and 1970s as a supporting character inDetective Comics,in addition to guest appearances in various titles such asJustice League of America,[15]World's Finest Comics,[16] The Brave and the Bold,[17]Adventure Comics,[18]andSuperman.[19] In the early-1970s, Batgirl reveals hersecret identityto her father (who had already discovered it on his own) and serves as a member of theUnited States House of Representatives.She moves toWashington, D.C.,intending to give up her career as Batgirl, and in June 1972 appeared in a story entitled "Batgirl's Last Case."[20]Julius Schwartz brought her back a year later inSuperman#268 (1973)[19]in which she has a blind date withClark Kent,establishing their friendship, and fights alongsideSuperman.Batgirl and Superman team up twice more, inSuperman#279 andDC Comics Presents#19. Batgirl also guest-starred in other Superman related titles, such as #453 ofAdventure Comicsand inSuperman Family#171, where she teams up withSupergirl.

The character is given a starring role in DC'sBatman Familycomic book which debuted in 1975.[21]The original Robin,Dick Grayson,became her partner in the series, with the two frequently referred to as the "Dynamite Duo: Batgirl & Robin". Batgirl meets Batwoman inBatman Family#10, when the retired superhero briefly returns to crimefighting (before theBronze Tigermurders Kane). The two fightKiller Mothand theCavalier,and learn each other's secret identities. Batwoman retires once again at the conclusion of the story, leaving Batgirl to continue crimefighting.[22]Although this series ended after three years of publication,[23]Batgirl continued to appear in back-up stories published inDetective Comicsthrough issue #519 (October 1982).

Crisis on Infinite Earths,a limited series published in 1985, was written to reduce the complex history of DC Comics to a singlecontinuity.Although Batgirl is a featured character, her role is relatively small—she delivers Supergirl's eulogy in issue #7 of the 12-part series.[24]The conclusion ofCrisis on Infinite EarthschangedDC Universecontinuity in many ways. Following thereboot,Barbara Gordon is born to Roger and Thelma Gordon, and she is Jim Gordon's niece and adopted daughter in post - crisis continuity. Post-Crisis,Supergirl does not arrive on Earth until after Gordon has established herself as Oracle, and many of the adventures she shared with Batgirl are retroactively described as having been experienced byPower Girl.InSecret Origins(vol. 2) #20 (1987),[25]Barbara Gordon's origin is rebooted by author Barbara Randal. Within the storyline, Gordon recounts the series of events that led to her career as Batgirl, including her first encounter with Batman as a child, studyingmartial artsunder the tutelage of asensei,memorizing maps and blueprints of the city, excelling in academics to skip grades, and pushing herself to become a star athlete.

Batgirl Special#1 andBatman: The Killing Joke(1988)

[edit]
Main article:Batman: The Killing Joke

DC officially retired the hero in the one-shot comicBatgirl Special#1 (July 1988), written byBarbara Kesel.[26]Later that year, she appears in Alan Moore'sBatman: The Killing Joke.In this graphic novel, theJokershoots and paralyzes Barbara Gordon in an attempt to drive her father insane, thereby proving to Batman that anyone can lose their minds after having "one bad day".[27]She is deployed as aplot deviceto cement the Joker's vendetta against Commissioner Gordon and Batman. In 2006, during an interview withWizard,Moore expressed regret over his treatment of the character, calling it "shallow and ill-conceived".[28]He stated prior to writing the graphic novel, "I asked DC if they had any problem with me crippling Barbara Gordon—who was Batgirl at the time—and if I remember, I spoke toLen Wein,who was our editor on the project ", and following a discussion with then-Executive Editorial Director Dick Giordano," Len got back onto the phone and said, ‘Yeah, okay, cripple the bitch.' "[28]

Although there has been speculation as to whether or not editors at DC specifically intended to have the character's paralysis become permanent, Brian Cronin, author ofWas Superman A Spy?: And Other Comic Book Legends Revealed(2009) noted that DC had hired Barbara Kesel to write theBatgirl Specialspecifically to retire the character and set her in place forThe Killing Joke.[29]Gail Simoneincluded the character's paralysis in a list of "major female characters that had been killed, mutilated, and depowered", dubbing the phenomenon "Women in Refrigerators"in reference to a 1994Green Lanternstory where the title character discovers his girlfriend's mutilated body in his refrigerator.[30]Following the release of the graphic novel, comic book editor and writerKim Yalediscussed how distasteful she found the treatment of Barbara Gordon with her husband, fellow comic writerJohn Ostrander.Rather than allow the character to fall into obscurity, the two decided to revive her as a character living with a disability—the information broker called the Oracle.[31]

"No Man's Land" (1999)

[edit]

Eleven years after the editorial retirement of Barbara Gordon as Batgirl, a new version of the character was introduced inBatman: Shadow of the Bat#83 during the multi-title story arc "No Man's Land" (1999).[32]InBatman: Legends of the Dark Knight#120 (1999), the new Batgirl is revealed to be Helena Bertinelli, an established DC comics superhero alternatively known as the Huntress.[33]Bertinelli is eventually forced to abandon the mantle by Batgirl.[34]No Man's Landalso marks the introduction of Cassandra Cain inBatman#567 (1999).[35]Depicted as amartial artschild prodigy,Cassandra Cain is written as a young woman of partlyAsiandescent who succeeds Helena Bertinelli as Batgirl, with the approval of both Batman and the Oracle.

Batgirland other appearances (2000–2011)

[edit]

The firstBatgirlmonthly comic was published in 2000, with Cassandra Cain as the title character. Raised by assassinDavid Cain,Cassandra Cain was not taught spoken language, but instead was taught to "read" physical movement. Subsequently, Cain's only form of communication was body language.[36]The parts of the character's brain normally used for speech were trained so Cain could read other people's body language and predict, with uncanny accuracy, their next move. This also caused her brain to develop learning functions different from most, a form of dyslexia that hampers her abilities to read and write.

Despite Cain's disability, author Andersen Gabrych describes the character's unique form of language as the key factor in what makes Cain an excellent detective; the ability to walk into a room and "know" something is wrong based on body language.[36]During "Silent Running", the first arc of theBatgirlcomic book series, Cassandra Cain encounters a psychic who "reprograms" her brain, enabling her to comprehend verbal language, while simultaneously losing the ability to predict movements.[37]This issue is resolved during the second arc of the series, "A Knight Alone", when Batgirl encounters the assassinLady Shivawho agrees to teach her how to predict movement once again.[38]Six years after its debut, DC Comics cancelled theBatgirlcomic book series with issue #73 (2006), ending with Cain relinquishing her role as Batgirl.[39]

When DC Comics continuity skipped forwardone yearafter the events of the limited seriesInfinite Crisis,Cassandra Cain is revived as the leader of theLeague of Assassins,having abandoned her previous characterization as analtruist.The character's progression from hero to villain angered some of her fans and was accompanied by heavy criticism.[40]Cain reprised her role as Batgirl in the "Titans East"(2007) storyline ofTeen Titans,[41]where it was discovered that she had been influenced by a mind-altering drug administered bysupervillainDeathstroke the Terminator.Following the conclusion of the storyline, DC Comics has restored Cain's original characterization as a superhero and the character has been given a supporting role in the comic book seriesBatman and the Outsiders.

Following the events ofBatman's disappearance,Cassandra, acting under her mentor's orders in the event of his death, handed over the Batgirl mantle to Stephanie Brown, the former Spoiler and the fourth Robin.[42]After declining an offer from Tim Drake to reclaim the Batgirl mantle from Stephanie,[43]Cassandra rejoined the Batman Family under the new identity of the Blackbat.[44]She currently acts as the Hong Kong representative ofBatman Inc.

Stephanie Brown does take the mantle of Batgirl after Cassandra Cain gives Brown her costume under Batman's orders.[42]Eventually, Barbara Gordon approves of Brown as her newest successor — and she gives Brown her own Batgirl costume and becomes her mentor for a period. Brown is the fourth in-continuity Batgirl and the second Batgirl to star in her own ongoingBatgirlcomic book series.

The New 52:Batgirl,Birds of Prey,and other appearances (2011–2016)

[edit]

In September 2011, following the company-wide relaunch, Barbara Gordon stars in a newBatgirlseries—one ofThe New 52titles featuring the company's most iconic characters. The conclusion of the limited seriesFlashpoint(2011) establishes a new continuity within the DC Universe, with all characters regressing to an earlier age and stage in their careers, while remaining in a modern timeline. DC Senior VP of Sales, Bob Wayne, explained that with each of their titles reverting to issue #1, "our creative teams have the ability to take a more modern approach—not only with each character, but with how the characters interact with one another and the universe as a whole, and focus on the earlier part of the careers of each of our iconic characters."[45]Barbara Gordon is biological daughter of James Gordon and Barbara Eileen Gordon in this continuity. Wayne also stated that "The Killing Jokestill happened and she was Oracle. Now she will go through physical rehabilitation and become a more seasoned and nuanced character because she had these incredible and diverse experiences.[45]Dan DiDio,Co-Publisher of DC Comics explained the decision by stating that "she'll always be the most recognizable [Batgirl]."[46]Series writer Gail Simone stated: "For many years, I got to write the character as Oracle, and there is to this day, no character who means more to me. This is classic Barbara as she was originally conceived, with a few big surprises. It's a bit of a shock, to be sure, but we’re doing everything we can to be respectful to this character's amazing legacy, while presenting something thrilling that a generation of comics readers will be experiencing for the first time...Barbara Gordon leaping, fighting, and swinging over Gotham. Now, when citizens of that city look up, they are going to see BATGIRL. And that is absolutely thrilling."[47]

In the new, revised continuity, the events ofThe Killing Joketook place three years before the current storyline, and while it is established she was paraplegic during that time, Barbara Gordon is written as having regained her mobility after undergoing experimental surgery at aSouth Africanclinic.[48]Although she resumes her work as Batgirl one year after her recovery, she continues to suffer frompost-traumatic stress disorder,causing her to hesitate in battle when exposed to gunfire that could result in suffering new spinal damage.[48]The character also exhibitssurvivor guiltdue to the fact she has made a full recovery from her paralysis while others have not.[48]Series writer Gail Simone stated that while the character is "one of the smartest and toughest women in comics...One thing the book is truly about, is that the after-effects of something like PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) or other trauma-related syndromes, can strike even very smart, very intellectually tough people, even soldiers and cops", a subject that is generally overlooked in comic books.[48]She also explained the method of the character's recovery is based upon real life experiences in that "some of the best real world work in the field of mobility rehabilitation is coming from South Africa. People have been talking about this as if it's some sort of mystical thing like returning from the dead, but there are treatments and surgeries that can restore mobility in some cases. Barbara's spine was not severed. That makes her a candidate."[48]

Prior to its release,Batgirl#1 sold out at the distribution level with over 100,000 copies printed in its first run according toDiamond Comic Distributors.Along withAction Comics#1,Justice League#1,Batman#1,Batman and Robin#1,Batman: The Dark Knight#1,Detective Comics#1,Flash#1,Green Lantern#1, andSuperman#1, retailers were required to order a second printing.[49][50]Calvin Reid ofPublishers Weeklystates in a review of the first issue: "The artwork is okay though conventional, while Simone's script tries to tie up of the end of the previous Barbara Gordon/Oracle storyline and setup up the new Batgirl. Her formula: murderous villains, blood splattering violence and high flying superheroics mixed with single-white-female bonding...plus a cliffhanger ending to the first issue that offers a nifty [segue] into the new world of Barbara Gordon and Batgirl."[51]The New York Timescritic George Gene Gustines wrote: "Unlike some of the other DC comics I read this week, Batgirl achieves a defthat trick:a well-shaped reintroduction to a character, an elegant acknowledgement of fundamental history and the establishment of a new status quo. This is a must-buy series. "[52]Earning a B+ rating in a review fromEntertainment Weekly,Ken Tucker writes that Simone "[takes] her Birds of Prey storytelling powers and focuses them on the newly revived Barbara Gordon as Batgirl. The result is a burst of exhilaration, as Barbara/Batgirl revels in her new freedom even as she encounters a so-far not-terribly-chilling villain called Mirror."[53]

Since the series relaunch in September 2011,Batgirlhas remained within the top 30 of the 300 best-selling monthly comic book publications sold in North America. Monthly estimated sales figures are as follows:Batgirl#1 with 81,489 copies (ranked 12th overall),[54]Batgirl#2 with 75,227 (ranked 14th),[55]Batgirl#3 with 62,974 (ranked 18th),[56]Batgirl#4 with 53,975 (ranked 23rd),[57]Batgirl#5 with 51,327 (ranked 26th),[58]andBatgirl#6 with 47,836 (ranked 30th).[59]The hardcover edition of volume 1,Batgirl: The Darkest Reflection,which collects issues #1–6, madeThe New York TimesBest Seller list,alongsideAnimal Man: The Hunt,Batman & Robin: Born to Kill,Batman: Detective Comics,Wonder Woman: Blood,Batwoman: Hydrology,Green Lantern: Sinestro.[60]

Additionally, Barbara Gordon makes an appearance inBirds of Prey#1, where the Black Canary offers her a spot on the new Birds of Prey roster. She declines the Canary's invitation, suggesting thatKatanatake her place instead.[61]Series writer Duane Swierczynski has stated that Batgirl will join the team in issue #4.[62]He commented that while she "is an essential part of this team", she is not the focus of the series, as she is hesitant to be associated with the other characters because of their status as outlaws.[63]

In October 2014, the monthly Batgirl title underwent a softrebootwith the new creative team Brenden Fletcher (writer)Cameron Stewart(writer, layouts),Babs Tarr(artist) and Maris Wicks (colors). The first six-issue story explored Barbara Gordon's attempt to start a new life as a PhD student in the hip Gotham borough of Burnside. While seemingly light and engaging compared to Gail Simone's darker preceding run, the new arc ultimately dealt with Babs' inability to fully escape herearlier traumaand the villain was revealed as her own brain scans, an algorithm similar to the Pre-New 52Oracle.[64]While the reboot was highly praised for its fun, energy, innovative use of social media, and particularly for Tarr's art,[65]issue #37 caused controversy with its depiction of a villain named Dagger Type, which some critics saw as a transphobic caricature.[66][67][68]In response, the creative team issued a joint apology and revised the issue for the subsequent collected edition,Batgirl Vol. 1: The Batgirl of Burnside.[69][70]

On March 13, 2015, DC Comics released 25 Joker-themed variant covers for its various monthly series for release that June, in celebration of the character's 75th anniversary. Among them was a cover toBatgirl#41 by artistRafael Albuquerquethat took its inspiration fromThe Killing Joke.The cover depicts the Joker standing next to a tearful Batgirl, who has a red smile painted across her mouth. The Joker has one hand holding a revolver draped over Batgirl's shoulder and is pointing to her cheek with the other hand, as if gesturing to shoot her.

The cover quickly drew criticism for highlighting a dark period in the character's history, especially when juxtaposed with the youthful, more optimistic direction of the series at the time. Thehashtag#changethecover drew dozens of posts on Twitter and Tumblr asking DC to not release the variant. DC ultimately withdrew the cover from publication at the request of Albuquerque, who stated, "My intention was never to hurt or upset anyone through my art...For that reason, I have recommended to DC that the variant cover be pulled."[71]

DC Rebirth:BatgirlandBatgirl and the Birds of Prey(2016–2020)

[edit]

In March 2016, DC Comics announced it would be re-launching all of its monthly titles under theDC Rebirthevent. The relaunch restores elements of the Pre-FlashpointDC continuity while maintaining elements ofThe New 52as well.[72]Among the new titles and creative teams announced, volume 5 ofBatgirlwritten byHope Larsonand volume 1 ofBatgirl and the Birds of Preywritten by Julie Benson and Shawna Benson were included.[73]In the critically celebrated fifth volume ofBatgirl,Barbara Gordon is a student attending Burnside College in the trendy Burnside neighborhood ofGotham City.The comic was praised for its fun, fresh approach to the character and for Batgirl's realistic new costume design.[74]

Infinite Frontier:Batgirls(2021–present)

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In 2021, DC'sInfinite Frontierrelaunch presented a new status quo, where Barbara has returned to the role of Oracle, suiting up as Batgirl only occasionally. For the most part, she supportsCassandra CainandStephanie Brownto operate as Batgirls, sharing the title.

Alternative versions

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Various alterations of Barbara Gordon as Batgirl have appeared in storylines published in and out of mainstream continuity titles. Variants of the character within continuity often appear in stories which involve time travel, such as the crossover limited seriesZero Hour: Crisis in Time,a follow-up story preceded by the 1985 limited seriesCrisis on Infinite Earthswhich altered mainstream continuity. Notable imprints of DC Comics such asElseworldsandAll Star DC Comicshave also featured alternate versions of the character.

TheElseworldsimprint takes the company's iconic characters and places them in alternate timelines, places and events making heroes "as familiar as yesterday seem as fresh as tomorrow".[75]As Batgirl, Barbara Gordon has made several appearances inElseworldscomics since 1997. The character is given starring roles in thenoir-style storylineThrillkiller(1997),[76]its sequelThrillkiller '62(1998),[77]and the one-shot comicElseworld's Finest: Supergirl & Batgirl(1998).[78]

An alternate version ofBarbara Gordonon the cover ofBatgirl: Futures End#1 (Nov. 2014), art byClay Mann.

In 2005, DC Comics launched itsAll Starimprint—an ongoing series of comics designed to pair the company's most iconic characters with the most acclaimed writers and artists in the industry. Similar toElseworlds,All Staris not restricted to mainstream continuity and establishes a fresh perspective for the latest generation of readership. According toDan DiDio,"[t]hese books are created to literally reach the widest audience possible, and not just the comic book audience, but anyone who has ever wanted to read or see anything about Superman or Batman."[79]

An alternate Barbara Gordon was adapted intoFrank Miller'sAll Star Batman and Robin the Boy Wonder(2005) as a teenage Batgirl. In addition, another variation of the character had been set to star in an eponymousAll Star Batgirltitle, written byGeoff Johns;however, the series was cancelled prior to publication.[80]

Alternate versions of Batgirl aside from Barbara Gordon have also appeared in publications by DC Comics. InBatman Beyond Unlimited#18 (set in the continuity of the animated seriesBatman Beyond), the new Batgirl is a 15-year-old girl namedNissa.[81]InBatgirl: Future's End#1 (Nov. 2014), set in an alternate future, a trio of Batgirls include Cassandra Cain, Stephanie Brown and newcomerTiffany Fox—the daughter ofLucius Foxand the first African American character to be portrayed as Batgirl.[82]

In thealternate historyDC Comics Bombshellsuniverse, there is no singular Batgirl. Instead, there exists a group of young female vigilantes known as "the Batgirls",whose ranks consist of a Batwoman fan namedHarper Row,an African American mechanic named Kathy Duquesne, a young Caucasian girl named Nell Little, and a Singaporean-American dancer namedAlysia Yeoh.[83]In Digital Issue #42 (collected in Print Issue #14), Harley Quinn tells Pamela Isley about encountering "theBelle of the Bog",who appears to be avampireversion of Batgirl.[84]DC Comics Bombshells Annual#1, published on 31 August 2016, reveals thatBarbara Gourdonwas a French fighter pilot during World War I. After she lost her boyfriend during the war, she traveled to Louisiana and did indeed become a vampire.[85]

In 2021, Barbara Gordon is one of the main protagonists inBatman '89.While working in Gotham's police department, she datesHarvey Dent.She assumes the role of Batgirl in the second series,Echoes.[86]

In 2022Daphne BlakefromScooby-Doobecame a temporary Batgirl inThe Batman & Scooby-Doo Mysteries.[87]

Characterization

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Batgirl has officially been represented by four different characters – and two claimants – beginning with her introduction in 1961.

Betty Kane

[edit]
Main article:Bette Kane

During the Silver Age, a female character was introduced as a love interest for Robin. Betty Kane as "Bat-Girl" was depicted as the niece of, and Robin-like sidekick to, the original Batwoman. In 1964, however, editor Julius Schwartz asserted that Bat-Girl and other characters in the Bat-Family should be removed considering the decline in sales and restored the Batman mythology to its original conception of heroic vigilantism. During theCrisis on Infinite Earthsstoryline, Betty Kane was retconned out of existence.

Mary Elizabeth "Bette" Kane is a reinvented version of the Betty Kane character during the Silver Age. As her original characterization was retconned out of existence during theCrisis on Infinite Earthsstoryline, a discrepancy arose where her Bat-Girl character had joined the West Coast version of the Teen Titans, but simply disappeared. The character was reintroduced as Bette Kane and the alias ofFlamebird.FollowingInfinite Crisis,the character's past as Batgirl was hinted at as being a part of continuity. However, that reference included a revamped origin of the character and it may or may not have been the current Bette Kane.

Barbara Gordon

[edit]
Main article:Barbara Gordon
Barbara Gordon and Cassandra Cain as Batgirl, art by Matt Haley and David Hahn

During the run of the Batman television series, DC editorial was approached about adding a female character back into the Batman family. Revising the character history and motivation, Julius Schwartz created Barbara Gordon. This character held the role of Batgirl from 1967 to 1988 when she was retired by DC editorial decision. The character's role was changed to aparaplegicsource of information for all members of the Batman family and codenamed the "Oracle". She was later restored as Batgirl duringThe New 52relaunch of the entire DC publication line in 2011. This was also the case with the DC Rebirth (2016). After the suicide of her psychopathic brother James Gordon Jr., Barbara ponders her role as Batgirl, becomes Oracle and continues to support the Batman family behind the computer screen, with the option to occasionally return to the role of Batgirl. Above all, she takes on the role of mentor for Cassandra Cain and Stephanie Brown, who now share the title of Batgirl.

Cassandra Cain

[edit]
Main article:Cassandra Cain

During theNo Man's Landstoryline, Cassandra Cain was given the role of Batgirl under the guidance of Batman and Oracle. Written as the daughter of assassins David Cain and Lady Shiva, she is trained from early childhood to read human body language instead of developing verbal and written communication skills as part of her father's conditioning to mold her into the world's deadliest assassin. However, after committing her first murder, she vows to never again use her martial-arts prowess to kill. In 2000, she became the first Batgirl to star in an eponymous monthly comic book series, as well as one of the most prominent characters of Asian descent to appear in American comics. The series was cancelled in 2006 and Cassandra Cain abandoned the role of Batgirl shortly thereafter. Years later, Cassandra rejoined the Batman family under the moniker the Blackbat. InThe New 52,Cassandra reappeared in the comic seriesBatman and Robin Eternalwith a slightly different history. Here she is also the murderer of Harper Row's mother, an ally of Batman. She called herself Orphan for a while and became part of the Batman family as well as the Outsiders. She later shares the name Batgirl with her friend Stephanie Brown.

Stephanie Brown

[edit]
Main article:Stephanie Brown (comics)

Stephanie Brown was formerly known as the Spoiler and then as the first in-continuity female Robin until her apparent death in 2006. Following her return to comics in 2009, she assumed the role of Batgirl. She maintained this position until 2011, the relaunch of the DC imprint underThe New 52.The character reappeared in the DCU inBatman(vol. 3) #28, as the Spoiler. Stephanie reappears in the seriesBatman Eternal,where she again goes by Spoiler in an attempt to thwart her father's machinations. AfterDC Rebirth,she joined Batman's new team of vigilantes where she became the girlfriend of Tim Drake aka Red Robin before they break up. Eventually she shares the title Batgirl with her friend Cassandra Cain.

Claimants

[edit]

Helena Bertinelli

[edit]
Main article:Huntress (Helena Bertinelli)

For a brief time during 1999'sNo Man's Landstoryline, Helena Bertinelli assumed the mantle of Batgirl. After violating Batman's code against extreme violence, she was stripped of the mantle and returned to her alias of the Huntress.

Charlotte "Charlie" Gage-Radcliffe

[edit]
Main article:Misfit (DC Comics)

After Cassandra Cain abandoned the role, a mystery character appeared as the new Batgirl in theBirds of Preycomic. Possessing superpowers, the teen claimed the empty mantle in an attempt to honor the character. However, Barbara Gordon quickly dissuaded the teen from continuing in the role. Charlie Gage-Radcliffe acquiesced, but modified her costume and changed her name to the Misfit.

Cultural impact

[edit]

While Barbara Gordon and Cassandra Cain have both been the subject of academic analysis regarding theportrayal of women in comics,commentary on Barbara Gordon's Batgirl has focused on her character's connection to thewomen's liberation movement,doctoral degree and career as a librarian, while analysis of Cassandra Cain's Batgirl has focused on the character's double minority status as a woman and aperson of color.Since her debut in DC Comics publication, and fueled by her adaptation into theBatmantelevision series in 1967, Barbara Gordon's Batgirl has been listed among fictional characters that are regarded as cultural icons.[88]Author Brian Cronin, inWas Superman A Spy?: And Other Comic Book Legends Revealed(2009) notes that following her 1967 debut, "Batgirl was soon popular enough to appear regularly over the next two decades and Yvonne Craig certainly made an impression on many viewers with her one season portraying young Ms. Gordon."[29]In 2011,IGNranked Barbara Gordon 17th in the Top 100 Comic Books Heroes.[89]Cassandra Cain's Batgirl has become one of the most prominent Asian characters to appear in American comic books, and her understated sexuality is notable as being contrary to the common sexual objectification of female characters, especially those of Asian descent.[30]

Feminist interpretations

[edit]

In the late 1950s and early 1960s, before the feminist revolution, Schwartz's leading ladies included a reporter (Iris West in The Flash), a lawyer (Jean Loring in The Atom), and even the head of an aircraft company (Carol Ferris in Green Lantern). Shiera Hall was merely a secretary at the Midway City Museum, but as Hawkgirl she was a police officer on her native planet Thanagar and an equal partner to her husband Hawkman (Carter Hall) in their superheroic exploits. Then there was Zatanna, bravely traversing the dimensions in her search for her missing father (as chronicled in the recent DC trade paperback Zatanna's Quest). Barbara Gordon initially conformed to hackneyed stereotypes as a dowdy librarian, but her transformation into Batgirl could be seen in retrospect as a symbol of the emerging female empowerment movement of the 1960s. (Moreover, by the 1970s Barbara had given herself a makeover even in her "civilian identity" and ran for Congress.)

—Peter Sanderson,IGN,2005[90]

InThe Supergirls: Fashion, Feminism, Fantasy, and the History of Comic Book Heroines(2009), author Mike Madrid states that what set Barbara Gordon as Batgirl apart from other female characters was her motivation for crime-fighting. Unlike Batwoman who preceded her, "she wears his symbol on her chest, but she is not his girlfriend or faithful handmaiden."[12]Because of the fact she does not pursue a romantic interest in Batman, "Batgirl is a female Batman can actually regard as a brilliant peer and a partner in the war on crime, the same way he would a male."[12]HistorianPeter Sandersonobserved that Barbara Gordon's Batgirl reflected the Women's liberation movement of the 1960s.[90]

During the 1980s,Barbara Kesel,after writing a complaint to DC Comics over the negative portrayal of female characters, was given the opportunity to write for Barbara Gordon inDetective Comics.Robin Anne Reid,inWomen in Science Fiction and Fantasy: Overviews(2009) wrote that "Kesel's version of Batgirl established her as a character separate from Batman and Robin: a woman motivated to do what men do, but alone and in her own way. HerSecret Origins(1987) andBatgirl Special(1988) countered the victimized and objectified presentation of Barbara Gordon/Batgirl in Alan Moore's acclaimedThe Killing Joke(1988). "[91]She notes that Kesel's interpretation of the character emphasized her intelligence, technological skill, and ability to overcome fear.

Gail Simoneincluded the character's paralysis in a list of "major female characters that had been killed, mutilated, and depowered", dubbing the phenomenon "Women in Refrigerators"in reference to a 1994Green Lanternstory where the title character discovers his girlfriend's mutilated body in his refrigerator.[30]Simone highlighted the gender difference regarding the treatment of Batman and Batgirl regarding paralysis by stating that "[b]oth had their backs broken [Batman broke his in a dramatic Batcave confrontation with the villain Bane; Batgirl broke hers when she was ambushed in her home and shot in the spine by the Joker, never given a chance to fight]. Less than a year later, Batman was fine. Batgirl—now named Oracle—was in a wheelchair and remained so for many years."[28]

InSuperheroes and Superegos: Analyzing the Minds Behind the Masks(2010), author Sharon Packer wrote that "[a]nyone who feels that feminist critics overreacted to [Gordon's] accident is advised to consult the source material", calling the work "sadistic to the core".[92]

Brian Cronin noted that "[many] readers felt the violence towards Barbara Gordon was too much, and even Moore, in retrospect, has expressed his displeasure with how the story turned out."[29]Jeffrey A. Brown, author ofDangerous Curves: Action Heroines, Gender, Fetishism, and Popular Culture(2011) notedThe Killing Jokeas an example of the "inherent misogyny of the male-dominated comic book industry" in light of the "relatively unequal violence [female characters] are subjected to."[93]While male characters may be critically injured or killed, they are more than likely to be returned to their original conception, while female characters are more likely to receive permanent damage.[93]Reid states that although speculation behind the editorial decision to allow the paralysis of the character to become permanent included the idea she had become outdated, "if audiences had grown tired of Batgirl, it was not because she was a bad character but because she had been written badly."[91]

Despite views that present the character's Batgirl persona as a symbol of female empowerment, a long-held criticism is that she was originally conceived as an uninspired variation of Batman "rather than standing alone as leader, such asWonder Woman"who had no pre-existing male counterpart.[94]In analyzing stereotypes in gender, Jackie Marsh noted that male superheroes (such as Batman) are depicted as hyper-masculine and anti-social, "while female superheroes are reduced to a childlike status by their names" such as the Batgirl character.[95]

Representation for librarians

[edit]

InThe Image and Role of the Librarian(2002), Wendi Arant and Candace R. Benefiel argue that Batgirl's portrayal as a librarian is considered to be significant to the profession, in that it is represented as a valuable and honorable career. Even in light of the fact that the character abandons it to run for United States Congress, Barbara Gordon is seen as being given a "career switch that even most librarians would consider a step up."[13]In the essay "Librarians, Professionalism and Image: Stereotype and Reality" (2007), Abigail Luthmann views the character less favorably, stating that "[t]he unassuming role of librarian is used as a low-visibility disguise for her crime-fighting alter-ego, and while her information-locating skills may have been useful to her extra-curricular activities no direct examples are given."[96]

Representation for Asian Americans

[edit]

While many fans were outraged when DC Comics turned Cassandra into a villainess, it does gel with notions of Asian women as not just mysterious and exotic but also as deceitful and dangerous. That Cassandra's turn to villainy is linked with her mother, the sexy and deadly modern Dragon Lady, implicitly aligns her ethnic heritage and her gender with the most negative connotations of Orientalism.

—Jeffrey A. Brown,Dangerous Curves: Action Heroines, Gender, Fetishism, and Popular Culture,2011[93]

The Cassandra Cain version of Batgirl, depicted as a biracial character (half White and half Chinese), is notable as one of the most prominent characters of Asian descent to appear in American comic books. Jeffrey A. Brown states that while her ethnicity is rarely mentioned in the comic books, Asian women have had a long history in comics of being portrayed as martial artists and are often exploited as sex objects. However, in the case of Batgirl, "Cassandra's racial identity is treated more implicitly than explicitly. Her costume design actually conceals her entire body so that while in her guise as Batgirl her ethnicity is completely unapparent."[93]The fact that her sexuality is also understated represents a shift away from the typical portrayals of women, and Asian women in particular.[93]The most controversial aspect of her character came about during theOne Year Laterevent, when she is reintroduced as a villain. The abrupt shift in her character brought about negative criticism from readership.[97]When questioned about the change in characterization, writer Adam Beechen stated: "They didn't present me with a rationale as to why Cassandra was going to change, or a motivating factor. That was left for me to come up with and them to approve. And we did that. But as far as to why the editors and writers and whoever else made the decision decided that was a good direction, I honestly couldn't answer."[40]

In other media

[edit]
See also:Barbara Gordon in other media
Yvonne Craig poses in the Batgirl costume from the 1960s television show
Yvonne Craigas Batgirl

Portrayed byYvonne Craig,the character's first adaptation outside of comic books took place in the third season ofBatman(1967), Barbara Gordon having been discussed months earlier by her father and Batman in the second-season episodes "Batman's Waterloo" and "The Duo Defy". Les Daniels, inBatman: The Complete History(2004), wrote that the goal ofABCwas to "attract new audience members, especially idealistic young girls and less high-minded older men."[8]According to Craig: "I used to think the reason they hired me was because they knew I could ride my own motorcycle... I realized they hired me because I had a cartoon voice."[8]A shared criticism of Batgirl and other female superheroes in television that came later (such as Wonder Woman and theBionic Woman), is that she was not allowed to engage in hand-to-hand combat on screen.[88]As such, "her fights were choreographed carefully to imitate the moves of a Broadway showgirl through the use of a straight kick to her opponent's face rather than the type of kick a martial artist would use."[88]However, Craig has also stated: "I meet young women who say Batgirl was their role model... They say it's because it was the first time they ever felt girls could do the same things guys could do, and sometimes better. I think that's lovely."[98]During the early 1970s, Craig portrayed Batgirl once again in a public service announcement to advocateequal pay for women.[94]

SinceBatman,the character has had a long history of appearances in television and other media.[94]As Batgirl, Barbara Gordon plays a supporting role in a string of animated series, voiced byJane WebbinThe Batman/Superman Hour(1968),Melendy BrittinThe New Adventures of Batman(1977),Melissa GilbertinBatman: The Animated Series(1992),Tara StronginThe New Batman Adventures(1997), Danielle Judovits inThe Batman(2004),Mae WhitmaninBatman: The Brave and the Bold(2008),[94]andBriana CuocoinHarley Quinn(2019).[99]In 2012, Batgirl starred alongsideSupergirlandWonder GirlinSuper Best Friends Forever,a series of shorts developed byLauren Faustfor theDC Nationblock onCartoon Network.[100]

Barbara Gordon makes two cameo appearances in the first season of the animated seriesYoung Justice,and is added as a recurring character in season two where she has adopted her Batgirl persona.Dina Meyerstarred as Barbara Gordon in the television seriesBirds of Prey(2002). Although this series focused on her role as the Oracle, the series included flashbacks of the character's history as Batgirl.

In the filmBatman & Robin,Alicia Silverstoneplayed a variation of the character: Barbara Wilson,Alfred Pennyworth's niece. She appears inThe Lego Batman Movievoiced byRosario Dawson.The character is introduced as Barbara Gordon taking over from her father Jim Gordon to become the new Police Commissioner of Gotham. Towards the end of the film, she dons her cowl and teams up with Batman as Batgirl in addition to her role as Commissioner.

InThe Dark Knighttrilogy, James Gordon's wife is named Barbara Gordon, portrayed by Ilyssa Fradin inBatman Beginsand Melinda McGraw inThe Dark Knight.This is not a reference to Batgirl Barbara Gordon. It's been long established, most notably in the famous Batman: Year One, that the wife of James Gordon is named Barbara.

In addition to live-action television and animation, the character has appeared in a number of video games included in the Batman franchise. She appears inThe Adventures of Batman & RobinandBatman: Rise of Sin Tzuvoiced byTara Strong.She also appears inLego Batmanfor thePC,PlayStation 2,PlayStation 3,Xbox 360,Wii,DS,andPlayStation Portable.[101]InScribblenauts Unmasked: A DC Comics Adventure,The Barbara Gordon incarnation of Batgirl appears when Maxwell heads to Arkham Asylum to battle theScarecrow.The other three Batgirls (Bette Kane, Stephanie Brown and Cassandra Cain) also appear as summonable characters. Barbara Gordon has been featured in all four main games of the critically acclaimedBatman: Arkhamseries,though she is only seen as Batgirl in the "A Matter of Family"DLCfor the last game,Batman: Arkham Knight(2015), in which she is playable. Set before the events of the series'first installment,the DLC's plot revolves around Batgirl andRobinattempting to save the former's father, along with other police officers, from theJokerat an abandoned amusement park located on anoil rig.Barbara Gordon as Batgirl is one of the four main playable characters in the video gameGotham Knights(2022).[102][103]

A child version of Barbara Gordon made an appearance in the television seriesGotham.ActorBen McKenzieteased about seeing Batgirl as a child in the series.[104][105]Film directorNicolas Winding Refnrevealed in an interview with Collider that he would like to direct a Batgirl movie.[106]

Savannah Welchportrays Barbara Gordon in thethird seasonof the 2018 live-action television seriesTitans.

In March 2017, it was announced thatJoss Whedonwould write, direct and produce a Batgirl film as part of theDC Extended Universe.[107]The film would center onBarbara Gordonas Batgirl, withGail Simone'sThe New 52Batgirl comics used as "a starting point" for the film.[108]In February 2018, it was announced that Whedon would be leaving the project as writer and director, citing that "[he] didn't really have a story".[109]In April 2018, Warner Bros. announced that screenwriterChristina Hodsonhad been tapped to write the screenplay for Batgirl.[110]After Whedon's exit, the studio said that it was actively looking for a female director.[111]In May 2021, it was revealed thatAdil El Arbi and Bilall Fallahhad joined the project as co-directors. It was also revealed that the film is going to be anHBO Max Exclusive.[112]In July 2021, actress and singerLeslie Gracewas cast as Batgirl.[113]The filmwas subsequently cancelled in August 2022.[114]

Collected editions

[edit]
Title Material collected Publication date ISBN
Barbara Gordon
Batgirl: Year One Batgirl: Year One#1–9 February 2003 978-1-4012-0080-0
Batman: Batgirl One-shot July 1997 978-1-5638-9305-6
Batman: The Cat and The Bat Batman Confidential#17–21 2009 978-1-4012-2496-7
Showcase Presents: Batgirl Various titles July 2007 978-1-4012-1367-1
Batgirl: The Greatest Stories Ever Told Various titles December 2010 978-1401229245
Batgirl: A Celebration of 50 Years Various titles February 2017 978-1401268169
Batgirl: The Bronze Age Omnibus Vol. 1 Detective Comics#359, 363, 369, 371, 384–385, 388–389, 392–393, 396–397, 400–401, #404–424;Batman#197;Batman Family#1, 3–7, 9–11 December 2017 978-1401276409
Batgirl: The Bronze Age Omnibus Vol. 2 Batman Family#12–20 andDetective Comics#481–499, 501–502, 505–506, 508–510, 512–519;Batgirl Special#1 April 2019 978-1401288419
Batgirl/Robin: Year One Batgirl: Year One#1–9;Robin: Year One#1–4 June 2013 978-1401240332
Batgirl: Year One Deluxe Edition Batgirl: Year One#1–9 February 2019 978-1401287931
Batgirl Vol. 1: The Darkest Reflection Batgirl(vol. 4) #1–6 July 2012 978-1401234751
Batgirl Vol. 2: Knightfall Descends Batgirl(vol. 4) #7–13; 0 February 2013 978-1401238179
Batgirl Vol. 3: Death of the Family Batgirl(vol. 4) #14–19,Annual(vol. 2) #1;Batman(vol. 2) #17; a story fromYoung Romance#1 October 2013 978-1401242596
Batgirl Vol. 4: Wanted Batgirl(vol. 4) #20–26;Batman: The Dark Knight#23.1 –Ventriloquist May 2014 978-1401250409
Batgirl Vol. 5: Deadline Batgirl(vol. 4) #27–34,Annual(vol. 2) #2;Batgirl: Futures End#1 December 2014 978-1401250416
Batgirl Vol. 1: Batgirl of Burnside Batgirl(vol. 4) #35–40; part ofSecret Origins#10 June 2015 978-1401253325
Batgirl Vol. 2: Family Business Batgirl(vol. 4) #41–45,Annual(vol. 2) #3; the Sneak Peek story fromConvergence: Infinity Inc.#2 February 2016 978-1401259662
Batgirl Vol. 3: Mindfields Batgirl(vol. 4) #46–52 August 2016 978-1401262693
Batgirl Vol. 1: Beyond Burnside Batgirl(vol. 5) #1–6 March 2017 978-1401268404
Batgirl Vol. 2: Son of Penguin Batgirl(vol. 5) #7–11,Annual(vol. 3) #1 October 2017 978-1401274245
Batgirl Vol. 3: Summer of Lies Batgirl(vol. 5) #12–17 April 2018 978-1401278908
Batgirl Vol. 4: Strange Loop Batgirl(vol. 5) #18–24; stories from #25 December 2018 978-1401284657
Batgirl Vol. 5: Art of the Crime Batgirl(vol. 5) #26–29,Annual(vol. 3) #2; a story from #25 May 2019 978-1401289461
Batgirl Vol. 6: Old Enemies Batgirl(vol. 5) #30–36 December 2019 978-1401295387
Batgirl Vol. 7: Oracle Rising Batgirl(vol. 5) #37–44 June 2020 978-1779502469
Batgirl Vol. 8: Joker War Batgirl(vol. 5) #45–50 March 2021 978-1779505828
Cassandra Cain
Batgirl: Silent Running Batgirl(vol. 2) #1–6 March 2001 978-1-8402-3266-0
Batgirl: A Knight Alone Batgirl(vol. 2) #7–11, 13–14 November 2001 978-1-5638-9852-5
Batgirl: Death Wish Batgirl(vol. 2) #17–20, 22–23, 25 August 2003 978-1-8402-3707-8
Batgirl: Fists of Fury Batgirl(vol. 2) #15–16, 21, 26–28 May 2004 978-1-4012-0205-7
Robin/Batgirl: Fresh Blood Robin(vol. 4) #132–133;Batgirl(vol. 2) #58–59 October 2005 978-1-4012-0433-4
Batgirl: Kicking Assassins Batgirl(vol. 2) #60–64 January 2006 978-1-4012-0439-6
Batgirl: Destruction's Daughter Batgirl(vol. 2) #65–73 September 2006 978-1-4012-0896-7
Batgirl: Redemption Batgirl#1–6 (2008-2009 miniseries) June 2009 978-1-4012-2275-8
Batgirl Vol. 1: Silent Knight Batgirl(vol. 2) #1–12,Annual#1 January 2016 978-1401266271
Batgirl Vol. 2: To The Death Batgirl(vol. 2) #13–25 July 2016 978-1401263522
Batgirl Vol. 3: Point Blank Batgirl(vol. 2) #26–37, a story fromBatgirlSecret Files and Origins#1 January 2017 978-1401265854
Stephanie Brown
Batgirl: Batgirl Rising Batgirl(vol. 3) #1–7 September 2010 978-1-4012-2723-4
Batgirl: The Flood Batgirl(vol. 3) #9–14 May 2011 978-1-4012-3142-2
Batgirl: The Lesson Batgirl(vol. 3) #15–24 November 2011 978-1-4012-3270-2
Batgirl: Stephanie Brown Vol. 1 Batgirl(vol. 3) #1–12 August 2017 978-1401269104
Batgirl: Stephanie Brown Vol. 2 Batgirl(vol. 3) #13–24;Bruce Wayne: The Road Home: Batgirl#1 andBatman Incorporated: Leviathan Strikes!#1 March 2018 978-1401277888
Batgirls
Batgirls Vol. 1 Batgirls#1–6, Batgirls short stories fromBatman#115-117 November 2022 978-1779517067
Batgirls Vol. 2: Bat Girl Summer Batgirls#7–12 March 2023 978-1779520289
Batgirls Vol. 3: Girls to the Front Batgirls#13-19 October 2023 978-1779523457

See also

[edit]

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