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Battle of Banias

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Battle of Banias
Part of theCrusades
Date10 April 1179
Location
Result Ayyubid victory
Belligerents
linkKingdom of Jerusalem linkAyyubid Dynasty
Commanders and leaders
linkBaldwin IV
linkHumphrey II
linkFarrukh Shah
Strength
Unknown 1,000 men
Casualties and losses
Heavy Unknown

TheBattle of Baniaswas a military engagement between the Ayyubid force and the Crusader force led by King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem. The Ayyubids routed the Crusaders.

Background

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After the crushing defeat at theBattle of Montgisard,the Ayyubid sultan,Saladin,retreated to Egypt and remained there for several months, consolidating his position there. In late spring 1178, he returned to Damascus and remained there for the rest of the year. Following up with his victory, Baldwin pushed forward towards Syria and established a fortress on the road to Damascus calledJacob's Ford.Seeing this, Saladin attempted to induce Baldwin to abandon the fort by offering 60,000 and then 100,000 gold pieces, but that didn't happen.[1][2]

Battle

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In the spring of 1179, Baldwin launched an expedition to collect the sheep passing Banias as the seasonal movement of flocks began from the fields of Damascus. Alarmed, Saladin dispatched a force of 1,000 lancers led by Farrukh Shah to see what was happening. On April 10, he suddenly met the crusader forces in a narrow valley in the forest of Banias. The Crusader force was taken by surprise and ambushed; both sides fought fiercely until the Crusader force was routed. Baldwin almost fell prisoner; however, he was saved byHumphrey II of Toron,who managed to hold off the Ayyubids with his bodyguards until the crusader force withdrew. However, Humphrey was mortally wounded in the battle and forced to retreat.[3][4][5]

Aftermath

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The death of Humphrey was a heavy blow to the Crusaders, as he was respected not only by his fellow crusaders but also by Muslims.[6]Ibn al-Athirdescribes Humphry:[7][8]

No words can describe Hunfray; his name was a proverb for bravery and skill in war. He was indeed a plague let loose by God for the chastening of the Moslems.

After his victory, Saladin marched to the fort and laid siege to it; however, after a few days of fierce resistance, Saladin withdrew before Banias and sent raiding parties toGalilee,Sidon,andBeirut.Baldwin marched to meet Saladin but was defeated again at theBattle of Marj Ayyun.[9]

References

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  1. ^Steven Runcimen, p. 418
  2. ^Stanley Lane Poole
  3. ^Steven Runcimen, p. 419
  4. ^Stanley Lane Poole
  5. ^Ibn al-Athir, p. 92-3
  6. ^Steven Runcimen, p. 419
  7. ^Stanley Lane Poole
  8. ^Ibn al-Athir, p. 93
  9. ^Steven Runcimen, p. 419-20

Sources

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  • Steven Runcimen (1952), A history of the Crusades. and the Frankish East, 1100–1187.[1]
  • Stanley Lane Poole (2017), The life of Saladin and the fall of the kingdom of Jerusalem.[2]
  • Ibn al-Athir,The Complete History, Vol X.[3]