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CBS

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For other uses, seeCBS (disambiguation).

CBS Broadcasting Inc.
Logo used since October 8, 2020[a]
TypeRadioandtelevision broadcaster
CountryUnited States
Affiliates
HeadquartersCBS Building,Manhattan,New York City,New York
Programming
Language(s)English
Picture format1080iHDTV
Ownership
OwnerParamount Global
ParentCBS Entertainment Group
Key people
History
FoundedSeptember 18, 1927
(96 years ago)(1927-09-18)
Launched
  • Radio:September 18, 1927(1927-09-18)
  • Television:July 1, 1941(1941-07-01)
Founder
Former names
  • United Independent Broadcasters, Inc. (1927–1928)
  • Columbia Phonographic Broadcasting System (1928)
  • Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. (1928–1974)
  • CBS, Inc. (1974–1997)
Links
Websitecbs
Availability
Streaming media
Affiliated Streaming Service(s)Paramount+
The evolution of Paramount
1886Westinghouse Electric Corporationis founded as Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company
1912Famous Players Film Companyis founded
1913Lasky Feature Play Company is founded
1914Paramount Picturesis founded
1916Famous Players and Lasky merge asFamous Players–Laskyand acquire Paramount
1927Famous Players–Lasky renamed to Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation;CBSis founded with investment fromColumbia Records
1929Paramount acquires 49% of CBS
1930Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation renamed to Paramount Publix Corporation
1932Paramount sells back its shares of CBS
1934Gulf+Westernis founded as the Michigan Bumper Corporation
1935Paramount Publix Corporation renamed to Paramount Pictures
1936National Amusementsis founded as Northeast Theater Corporation
1938CBS acquires Columbia Records
1950Desiluis founded and CBS distributes its television programs
1952CBS creates the CBS Television Film Sales division
1958CBS Television Film Sales renamed to CBS Films
1966Gulf+Western acquires Paramount
1967Gulf+Western acquires Desilu and renames itParamount Television(nowCBS Studios)
1968CBS Films renamed to CBS Enterprises
1970CBS Enterprises renamed toViacom
1971Viacom is spun off from CBS
1987National Amusements acquires Viacom
1988CBS sells Columbia Records toSony
1989Gulf+Western renamed toParamount Communications
1994Viacom acquires Paramount Communications
1995Westinghouse acquires CBS
1997Westinghouse renamed to CBS Corporation
2000Viacom acquiresUPNand CBS Corporation
2005Viacom splitsinto secondCBS CorporationandViacom
2006CBS Corporation shuts down UPN and replaces it withThe CW
2017CBS Corporation sellsCBS Radioto Entercom (nowAudacy)
2019CBS Corporation and Viacomre-mergeas ViacomCBS
2022ViacomCBS renamed toParamount Global
2024Skydance Mediaand Paramount Globalagree to merge

CBS Broadcasting Inc.,commonly shortened toCBS(an abbreviation of its original name,Columbia Broadcasting System), is anAmericancommercial broadcasttelevisionandradio networkserving as theflagshipproperty of theCBS Entertainment Groupdivision ofParamount Globaland is one of the company's three flagship subsidiaries, along with namesakeParamount PicturesandMTV.

Headquartered at theCBS BuildinginNew York Cityand being part of the "Big Three"television networks, CBS has major production facilities and operations at theCBS Broadcast Centerand the headquarters of owner Paramount atOne Astor Plaza(both also in that city) andTelevision Cityand theCBS Studio CenterinLos Angeles.It is sometimes referred to as theEye Network,after the company's trademark symbol of an eye (which has been in use since October 20, 1951),[1]and also theTiffany Network,which alludes to the perceived high quality of its programming during the tenure ofWilliam S. Paley(and can also refer to some of CBS's first demonstrations ofcolor television,which were held in the formerTiffany and Company Buildingin New York City in 1950).[2][3]

History[edit]

Main article:History of CBS

The network has its origins inUnited Independent Broadcasters, Inc.,a radio network founded inChicagoby New York Citytalent agentArthur Judsonin January 1927. In April of that year, the Columbia Phonograph Company, parent ofColumbia Records' record label, invested in the network, resulting in its rebranding as theColumbia Phonographic Broadcasting System(CPBS).[4]In early 1928, Judson and Columbia sold the network to Isaac and Leon Levy, two brothers who ownedWCAU,the network's Philadelphia affiliate, as well as their partner Jerome Louchheim. They installed William S. Paley, an in-law of the Levys, as president of the network. With the Columbia record label out of ownership, Paley rebranded the network as theColumbia Broadcasting System.[5]By September 1928, Paley became the network's majority owner with 51 percent of the business.[6]Paramount Picturesthen acquired the other 49 percent of CBS in 1929, but theGreat Depressioneventually forced the studio to sell its shares back to the network in 1932.[4]CBS would then remain primarily an independent company throughout the next 63 years. Under Paley's guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States and eventually one of the Big Three American broadcast television networks. CBS ventured and expanded its horizons through television starting in the 1940s, spinning off its broadcast syndication divisionViacomto a separate company in 1971. In 1974, CBS dropped its original full name and became known simply asCBS, Inc.TheWestinghouse Electric Corporationacquired the network in 1994, renaming its legal name to the current CBS Broadcasting Inc. two years later, and in 1997 adopted the name of the company it had acquired to becomeCBS Corporation.In 1999, CBS came under the control ofthe original incarnation of Viacom,which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971. In 2005, Viacom split itself into two separate companies and re-established CBS Corporation through thespin-offof its broadcast television, radio and selectcable televisionand non-broadcasting assets, with the CBS network at its core.[7][8][9]CBS Corporation was controlled bySumner RedstonethroughNational Amusements,which also controlledthe second incarnation of Viacomuntil December 4, 2019, when the two separated companiesagreed to re-mergeto become ViacomCBS (now known as Paramount Global). Following the sale, CBS and its other broadcasting and entertainment assets were reorganized into a new division, CBS Entertainment Group.

CBS operated theCBS Radionetwork until 2017 when it sold its radio division to Entercom (now known asAudacy, Inc.since 2021).[10]Before this, CBS Radio mainly provided news and feature content for its portfolio ofowned-and-operated radio stationsin large and mid-sized markets, as well as itsaffiliatedradio stations in various other markets. While CBS Corporation common shareholders (i.e. not the multiple-voting shares held by National Amusements) were given a 72% stake in the combined Entercom,[11]CBS no longer owns or operates any radio stations directly; however, it still provides radio news broadcasts to its radio affiliates and the new owners of its former radio stations, and licenses the rights to use CBS trademarks under a long-term contract. The television network has over 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated television stations throughout the United States, some also available in Canada via pay-television providers or inborder areasover-the-air.

Programming[edit]

Main articles:List of programs broadcast by CBS,CBS News,andCBS Sports

As of 2013,CBS provides87+1⁄2hours of regularly scheduled network programming each week. The network provides 22 hours of primetime programming to affiliated stations Monday through Saturday from 8:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. and Sunday from 7:00 p.m. to 11:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific time (7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. Monday through Saturday and 6:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m. on Sunday in Central/Mountain time).

The network also provides daytime programming from 11:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific weekdays (subtract 1 hour for all other time zones), including a half-hour break for local news and features the game showsThe Price Is RightandLet's Make a Deal,soap operasThe Young and the RestlessandThe Bold and the Beautiful,and talk showThe Talk.

CBS Newsprogramming includesCBS Morningsfrom 7:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m. weekdays andCBS Saturday Morningin the same period on Saturdays; nightly editions ofCBS Evening News;the Sunday political talk showFace the Nation;early morning news programCBS Morning News;and the newsmagazines60 Minutes,CBS News Sunday Morning,and48 Hours.On weeknights, CBS airs the talk showsThe Late Show with Stephen ColbertandThe Late Late Show with James Corden(until 2023, which is now replaced by game showAfter Midnight).

CBS Sportsprogramming is also provided most weekend afternoons. Due to the unpredictable length of sporting events, CBS occasionally delays scheduled primetime programs to allow the programs to air in their entirety, a practice most commonly seen with theNFL on CBS.In addition to rights to sports events from major sports organizations such as theNFL,PGA,andNCAA,CBS broadcasts theCBS Sports Spectacular,a sportsanthology seriesthat fills certain weekend afternoon time slots before (or in some cases, in place of) a major sporting event.

Daytime[edit]

Main article:CBS Daytime

CBS' daytime schedule is the longest among the major networks at4+1⁄2hours. It is the home of the long-running game showThe Price Is Right,which began production in 1972 and is the longest continuously running daytime game show on network television. After being hosted byBob Barkerfor 35 years, the show has been hosted since 2007 by actor and comedianDrew Carey.The network is also home to the current incarnation ofLet's Make a Deal,hosted by singer and comedianWayne Brady.

CBS is the only commercial broadcast network that continues to broadcast daytime game shows. Notable game shows that once aired as part of the network's daytime lineup includeMatch Game,Tattletales,The $10/25,000 Pyramid,Press Your Luck,Card Sharks,Family Feud,andWheel of Fortune.Past game shows that have had both daytime and prime time runs on the network includeBeat the ClockandTo Tell the Truth.Two long-running primetime-only games were the panel showsWhat's My Line?andI've Got a Secret.

The network is also home toThe Talk,a panel talk show similar in format to ABC'sThe View.It debuted in October 2010. As of the show's thirteenth season, the panel featuresSheryl Underwood,Amanda Kloots,Jerry O'Connell,Akbar Gbajabiamila,andNatalie Moraleswho serves as moderator.

CBS Daytime airs two daytime soap operas each weekday: the hour-long seriesThe Young and the Restless,which debuted in 1973, and the half-hour seriesThe Bold and the Beautiful,which debuted in 1987. CBS has long aired the most soap operas out of theBig Threenetworks, carrying3+1⁄2hours of soaps on its daytime lineup from 1977 to 2009, and still retains the longest daily schedule. Other thanGuiding Light,notable daytime soap operas that once aired on CBS includeAs the World Turns,Love of Life,Search for Tomorrow,The Secret Storm,The Edge of Night,andCapitol.

Children's programming[edit]

Main article:Children's programming on CBS

CBS broadcast the live-action seriesCaptain Kangarooon weekday mornings from 1955 to 1982, and on Saturdays until 1984. From 1971 to 1986, CBS News produced a series of one-minute segments titledIn the News,which aired between other Saturday morning programs. Otherwise, CBS's children's programming has mostly focused on animated series such as reruns ofMighty Mouse,Looney Tunes,andTom and Jerrycartoons, as well asScooby-Doo,Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids,Jim Henson's Muppet Babies,Garfield and Friends,andTeenage Mutant Ninja Turtles.In 1997, CBS premieredWheel 2000,a children's version of the syndicated game showWheel of Fortunewhich aired simultaneously on theGame Show Network.

In September 1998, CBS began contracting the time out to other companies to provide programming and material for its Saturday morning schedule. The first of these outsourced blocks was theCBS Kidshow,which ran until 2000 and featured programming from Canadian studioNelvana[12]such asAnatole,Mythic Warriors,Rescue Heroes,andFlying Rhino Junior High.[13]

After its agreement with Nelvana ended, the network then entered into a deal withNickelodeonto air programming from itsNick Jr.block beginning in September 2000, under the bannerNick Jr. on CBS.[12]By the time of the deal, Nickelodeon and CBS were corporate sisters through the latter's then parent company Viacom as a result of its 2000 merger with CBS Corporation. From 2002 to 2005, live-action and animated Nickelodeon series aimed at older children also aired as part of the block under the nameNick on CBS.

Following the Viacom-CBS split, the network decided to discontinue the Nickelodeon content deal. In March 2006, CBS entered into a three-year agreement withDIC Entertainment,which was acquired later that year by theCookie Jar Group,to program the Saturday morning time slot as part of a deal that included distribution of selecttape-delayedFormula Oneauto races.[14][15][16][17]TheKOL Secret Slumber Party on CBSreplacedNick Jr. on CBSthat September, with the inaugural lineup featuring two new first-run live-action programs, one animated series that originally aired in syndication in 2005, and three shows produced before 2006. In mid-2007, KOL, the children's service ofAOL,withdrew sponsorship from CBS' Saturday morning block, which was subsequently renamed KEWLopolis. Complementing CBS's 2007 lineup wereCare Bears,Strawberry Shortcake,andSushi Pack.On February 24, 2009, it was announced that CBS would renew its contract with Cookie Jar for another three seasons through 2012.[18][19]On September 19, 2009, KEWLopolis was renamedCookie Jar TV.[20]

On July 24, 2013, CBS agreed withLitton Entertainment,which already programmed a syndicated Saturday morning block exclusive to ABC stations and later produced ablock for CBS' sister network The CWthat received its debut the following year, to launch a new Saturday morning block featuring live-action reality-based lifestyle, wildlife, and sports series. The Litton-produced CBS Dream Team block, aimed at teenagers 13 to 16 years old, began broadcasting on September 28, 2013, replacing Cookie Jar TV.[21]The block was renamed CBS WKND in 2023.[22]

Specials[edit]

Animated primetime holiday specials[edit]

CBS was the original broadcast network home of the animated primetime holiday specials based on thePeanutscomic strip, beginning withA Charlie Brown Christmasin 1965. Over 30 holiday Peanuts specials (each for a specific holiday such asHalloween) were broadcast on CBS until 2000 when the broadcast rights were acquired by ABC. CBS also aired several primetime animated specials based on the works ofDr. Seuss(Theodor Geisel), beginning withHow the Grinch Stole Christmasin 1966, as well as several specials based on theGarfieldcomic strip during the 1980s (which led to Garfield getting hisSaturday-morning cartoonon the network,Garfield and Friends,which ran from 1988 to 1995).Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer,produced instop motionbyRankin/Bass,has been another annual holiday staple of CBS; however, that special first aired on NBC in 1964. As of 2011,RudolphandFrosty the Snowmanare the only two pre-1990 animated specials remaining on CBS; the broadcast rights to theCharlie Brownspecials are now held by Apple,[23]The Grinchrights by NBC,[24][25]and the rights to theGarfieldspecials byBoomerang.[26][citation needed]

All of these animated specials, from 1973 to 1990, began with a fondly remembered seven-second animated opening sequence, in which the words "A CBS Special Presentation" were displayed in colorful lettering (theITC Avant Gardetypeface, widely used in the 1970s, was used for the title logo). The word "SPECIAL", inall capsand repeated multiple times in multiple colors, slowly zoomed out from the frame in a spinning counterclockwise motion against a black background, and rapidly zoomed back into frame as a single word, in white, at the end; the sequence was accompanied by a jazzy though majestic up-tempo fanfare with dramatic horns and percussion (which was edited incidental music from the CBS crime dramaHawaii Five-O,titled "Call to Danger" on theCapitol Recordssoundtrack LP). This opening sequence appeared immediately before all CBS specials of the period (such as theMiss USApageants and the annual presentation of theKennedy Center Honors), in addition to animated specials.

Classical music specials[edit]

CBS was also responsible for airing the series ofYoung People's Concerts,conducted byLeonard Bernstein.Telecast every few months between 1958 and 1972, first in black-and-white and then in color beginning in 1966, these programs introduced millions of children toclassical musicthrough the eloquent commentaries of Bernstein. The specials were nominated for severalEmmy Awards,including two wins in 1961 and later in 1966,[27]and were among the first programs ever broadcast from theLincoln Center for the Performing Arts.

Over the years, CBS has broadcast three different productions of Tchaikovsky's balletThe Nutcracker– two live telecasts of the George BalanchineNew York City Balletproduction in 1957 and 1958 respectively, a little-known German-American filmed production in 1965 (which was subsequently repeated three times and starredEdward Villella,Patricia McBrideandMelissa Hayden), and beginning in 1977, theMikhail Baryshnikovstaging of the ballet, starring the Russian dancer along withGelsey Kirkland– a version that would become a television classic, and remains so today (the broadcast of this production later moved to PBS).[citation needed]

In April 1986, CBS presented a slightly abbreviated version ofHorowitz in Moscow,a live piano recital by pianistVladimir Horowitz,which marked his return to Russia after over 60 years. The recital was televised as an episode ofCBS News Sunday Morning(televised at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time in the U.S., as the recital was performed simultaneously at 4:00 p.m. in Russia). It was so successful that CBS repeated it a mere two months later by popular demand, this time on videotape, rather than live. In later years, the program was shown as a standalone special onPBS;the current DVD of the telecast omits the commentary byCharles Kuraltbut includes additional selections not heard on the CBS telecast.[28]

In 1986, CBS telecastCarnegie Hall: The Grand Reopeningin primetime, in what was then a rare move for a commercial broadcast network, since most primetime classical music specials were relegated to PBS andA&Eby this time. The program was a concert commemorating the re-opening ofCarnegie Hallafter its complete renovation. A range of artists were featured, from classical conductor Leonard Bernstein to popular music singerFrank Sinatra.

Cinderella[edit]

To compete with NBC, which produced the televised version of theMary MartinBroadway production ofPeter Pan,CBS responded with a musical production ofCinderella,with music byRichard Rodgersand lyrics byOscar Hammerstein II.Based upon theclassic Charles Perrault fairy tale,it is the only Rodgers and Hammerstein musical to have been written for television. It was originally broadcast live in color on CBS on March 31, 1957, as a vehicle forJulie Andrews,who played the title role; that broadcast was seen by over 100 million people. It was subsequently remade by CBS in 1965, with Lesley Ann Warren, Stuart Damon,Ginger Rogers,andWalter Pidgeonamong its stars; the remake also included the new song "Loneliness of Evening", which was originally composed in 1949 forSouth Pacificbut was not performed in that musical.[29][30]This version was rebroadcast several times on CBS into the early 1970s, and is occasionally broadcast on various cable networks to this day; both versions are available on DVD.[citation needed]

National Geographic[edit]

CBS was also the original broadcast home for the primetime specials produced by theNational Geographic Society.The Geographic series in the U.S. started on CBS in 1964, before moving to ABC in 1973 (the specials subsequently moved to PBS – under the production of Pittsburgh member station WQED – in 1975 and NBC in 1995, before returning to PBS in 2000). The specials have featured stories on many scientific figures such asLouis Leakey,Jacques Cousteau,andJane Goodall,that not only featured their work but helped make them internationally known and accessible to millions. A majority of the specials were narrated by various actors, notablyAlexander Scourbyduring the CBS run. The success of the specials led in part to the creation of theNational Geographic Channel,a cable channel launched in January 2001 as a joint venture between the National Geographic Society andFox Cable Networks.The specials' distinctive theme music, byElmer Bernstein,was also adopted by the National Geographic Channel.

Other notable specials[edit]

From 1949 to 2002, thePillsbury Bake-Off,an annual national cooking contest, was broadcast on CBS as a special. Hosts for the broadcast includedArthur Godfrey,Art Linkletter,Bob Barker,Gary Collins,Willard Scott(although under contract with CBS' rival NBC), andAlex Trebek.

The Miss USAbeauty pageantaired on CBS from 1963 to 2002; during a large portion of that period, the telecast was often emceed by the host of one of the network's game shows.John Charles Dalyhosted the show from 1963 to 1966, succeeded by Bob Barker from 1967 to 1987 (at which point Barker, ananimal rights activistwho eventually convinced producers ofThe Price Is Rightto cease offeringfur coatsas prizes on the program, quit in a dispute over their use),Alan Thickein 1988,Dick Clarkfrom 1989 to 1993, andBob Goenfrom 1994 to 1996. The pageant's highest viewership was recorded in the early 1980s when it regularly topped the Nielsen ratings on the week of its broadcast.[31][32][33]Viewership dropped sharply throughout the 1990s and 2000s, from an estimated viewership of 20 million to an average of 7 million from 2000 to 2001.[34]In 2002,Donald Trump(owner of the Miss USA pageant's governing body, theMiss Universe Organization) brokered a new deal with NBC, giving it half-ownership of the Miss USA, Miss Universe and Miss Teen USA pageants and moving them to that network as part of an initial five-year contract,[35]which began in 2003 and ended in 2015 after 12 years amid Trump's controversial remarks about Mexican immigrants during the launch of his2016 campaign for the Republican presidential nomination.[36]

On June 1, 1977, it was announced thatElvis Presleyhad signed a deal with CBS to appear in a new television special. Under the agreement, CBS would videotape Presley's concerts during the summer of 1977; the special was filmed during Presley's final tour at stops inOmaha, Nebraska(on June 19) andRapid City, South Dakota(on June 21 of that year). CBS aired the special,Elvis in Concert,on October 3, 1977,[37]nearly two months after Presley died in hisGracelandmansion on August 16.

Since its inception in 1978, CBS has been the sole broadcaster ofThe Kennedy Center Honors,a two-hour performing arts tribute typically taped and edited in December for later broadcast during the holiday season.

Stations[edit]

Main articles:List of CBS television affiliates (table),List of CBS television affiliates (by U.S. state),andCBS News and Stations

CBS has 15 owned-and-operated stations, and current and pending affiliation agreements with 228 additional television stations encompassing 50 states, the District of Columbia, two U.S. possessions (Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands) andBermudaandSt. Vincent and the Grenadines.[38][39]The network has a national reach of 95.96% of all households in the United States (or 299,861,665 Americans with at least one television set). Currently,New Jersey,New HampshireandDelawareare the only U.S. states where CBS does not have a locally licensed affiliate (New Jersey is served by New York City O&O WCBS-TV and Philadelphia O&O KYW-TV; Delaware is served by KYW andSalisbury, Maryland,affiliateWBOC-TV;and New Hampshire is served byBostonO&OWBZ-TVandBurlington, Vermont,affiliateWCAX-TV).

CBS maintains affiliations with low-power stations (broadcasting either in analog or digital) in a few markets, such asHarrisonburg, Virginia(WSVF-CD),Palm Springs, California(KPSP-CD), andParkersburg, West Virginia(WIYE-LD). In some markets, including both of those mentioned, these stations also maintain digital simulcasts on a subchannel of a co-owned/co-managed full-power television station. CBS also maintains a sizeable number of subchannel-only affiliations, the majority of which are with stations in cities located outside of the 50 largest Nielsen-designated markets; the largest CBS subchannel affiliate by market size isKOGGinWailuku, Hawaii,which serves as a repeater ofHonoluluaffiliateKGMB(the sister station of KOGG parent KHNL).

Nexstar Media Groupis the largest operator of CBS stations by numerical total, owning 49 CBS affiliates (counting satellites);Tegna Mediais the largest operator of CBS stations in terms of overall market reach, owning 15 CBS-affiliated stations (including affiliates in the larger markets inHouston,TampaandWashington, D.C.) that reach 8.9% of the country.

Related services[edit]

Video-on-demand services[edit]

CBS providesvideo-on-demandaccess for delayed viewing of the network's programming through various means, including via its website at CBS; the network'sappsforiOS,Android,and newer versionWindowsdevices; a traditional VOD service called CBS on Demand available on most traditional cable and IPTV providers; and through content deals withAmazon Video(which holds exclusive streaming rights to the CBS drama seriesExtantandUnder the Dome) andNetflix.[40][41][42][43]Notably, however, CBS is the only major broadcast network that does not provide recent episodes of its programming onHulu(sister network The CW does offer its programming on thestreamingservice, albeit on a one-week delay after becoming available on the network's website on Hulu's free service, with users of its subscription service being granted access to newer episodes of CW series eight hours after their initial broadcast), due to concerns over cannibalizing viewership of some of the network's most prominent programs; however, episode back catalogs of certain past and present CBS series are available on the service through an agreement with CBS Television Distribution.[44][45][46]

Upon the release of the app in March 2013, CBS restricted streaming of the most recent episode of any of the network's programs on its streaming app for AppleiOSdevices until eight days after their initial broadcast to encourage live or same-week (via bothDVRand cable on demand) viewing; programming selections on the app were limited until the release of itsGoogle PlayandWindows 8apps in October 2013, expanded the selections to include full episodes of all CBS series to which the network does not license the streaming rights to other services.[47]

Paramount+ (formerly CBS All Access)[edit]

On October 28, 2014, CBS launchedCBS All Access,anover-the-topsubscription streaming service – priced at $5.99 per month ($9.99 with the no commercials option) – which allows users to view past and present episodes of CBS shows.[48][49][50]Announced on October 16, 2014 (one day after HBO announced the launch of its over-the-top serviceHBO Now) as the first OTT offering by a USA broadcast television network, the service initially encompassed the network's existing streaming portal at CBS and its mobile app forsmartphonesandtablet computers;CBS All Access became available onRokuon April 7, 2015, and onChromecaston May 14, 2015.[51][52]In addition to providing full-length episodes of CBS programs, the service allows live programming streams of local CBS affiliates in 124 markets reaching 75% of the United States.[53][54][55][56][57]

CBS All Access offered the most recent episodes of the network's shows the day after their original broadcast, as well as complete back catalogs of most of its current series and a wide selection of episodes of classic series from theCBS Television DistributionandViacomCBS Domestic Media Networksprogram library to subscribers of the service. CBS All Access also carried behind-the-scenes features from CBS programs and special events.[48]

Original programs aired on CBS All Access includedStar Trek: Discovery,The Good Fight,andBig Brother: Over the Top.[58][59][60]

In December 2018, the service was launched in Australia under the name10 All Access,due to its affiliation with CBS-owned free-to-air broadcasterNetwork 10.Due to local programming rights, not all content is shared with its U.S. counterpart, whilst the Australian version also features numerous full seasons of local Network 10 shows, all commercial-free.

It was announced in September 2020 that the service would be rebranded asParamount+in early 2021, and would feature content from the wider ViacomCBS library following the re-merger between CBS and Viacom. The name was also extended to international markets and services such as 10 All Access.[61]The rebrand to Paramount+ took place on March 4, 2021.

CBS HD[edit]

CBS' master feed is transmitted in1080ihigh definition,the native resolution format for CBS Corporation's television properties. However, seven of its affiliates transmit the network's programming in720pHD, while seven others carry the network feed in480istandard definition[38]either due to technical considerations for affiliates of other major networks that carry CBS programming on a digital subchannel or because a primary feed CBS affiliate has not yet upgraded their transmission equipment to allow content to be presented in HD. A small number of CBS stations and affiliates are also currently broadcasting at1080pvia anATSC 3.0multiplex station to simulcast a station's programming such asWNCNthroughWRDCinDurham, North Carolina,WTVFthroughWUXP-TVinNashville,andKLAS-TVthroughKVCWinLas Vegas,Nevada.

CBS began its conversion to high definition with the launch of its simulcast feed CBS HD in September 1998, at the start of the1998–99 season.That year, the network aired the first NFL game broadcast in high-definition, with the telecast of theNew York Jets–Buffalo Billsgame on November 8. The network gradually converted much of its existing programming from standard definition to high definition beginning with the2000–01 season,with select shows among that season's slate of freshmen scripted series being broadcast in HD starting with their debuts.The Young and the Restlessbecame the first daytime soap opera to broadcast in HD on June 27, 2001.[62]

CBS' 14-year conversion to an entirely high-definition schedule ended in 2014, withBig BrotherandLet's Make a Dealbecoming the final two series to convert from4:3standard definition to HD (in contrast, NBC, Fox, and The CW were already airing their entire programming schedules – outside of Saturday mornings – in high definition by the 2010–11 season, while ABC was broadcasting its entire schedule in HD by the 2011–12 midseason). All of the network's programming has been presented in full HD since then (except for certainholidayspecials produced before 2005 – such as the Rankin-Bass specials – which continue to be presented in 4:3 SD, although some have been remastered for HD broadcast).

On September 1, 2016, when ABC converted to a16:9widescreen presentation, CBS and The CW were the only remaining networks that framed their promotions and on-screen graphical elements for a4:3presentation, though with CBS Sports'de facto16:9 conversion withSuper Bowl 50and their new graphical presentation designed for 16:9 framing, in practice, most CBS affiliates ask pay-TV providers to pass down a 16:9 widescreen presentation by default over their standard definition channels. This continued for CBS until September 24, 2018, when the network converted its on-screen graphical elements to a 16:9 widescreen presentation for all non-news and sports programs. Litton Entertainment continues to frame the graphical elements in their programs forDream Teamwithin a 4:3 frame due to them being positioned for future syndicated sales, though all of its programming has been in high definition.

Branding[edit]

Logos[edit]

A 1951 advertisement for the CBS Television Network introduced the Eye logo.
The eyemark (1951–present)
The classic CBS corporate logo, using the CBS Didot typeface, which was still used byCBS Television Distributionuntil 2021

The CBS television network's initial logo, used from the 1940s to 1951, consisted of an oval spotlight which shone on the block letters "CBS".[63]The present-day Eye device was conceived by William Golden, based on aPennsylvania Dutchhex signand aShakerdrawing. While the logo is commonly attributed to Golden, some design work may have been done by CBS staff designerGeorg Olden,one of the first African-Americans to attract some attention in the postwar graphic design field.[64]The Eye device made its broadcast debut on October 20, 1951. The following season, as Golden prepared a new "ident", CBS President Frank Stanton insisted on keeping the Eye device and using it as much as possible. Golden died unexpectedly in 1959, and was replaced byLou Dorfsman,one of his top assistants, who would go on to oversee all print and on-air graphics for CBS for the next 30 years.

The CBS eye has since become a widely recognized symbol. While the logo has been used in different ways, the Eye device itself has not been redesigned in its history.[65]As part of a new graphical identity created by Trollbäck + Company that was introduced by the network in 2006, the eye was placed in a "trademark" position on show titles, days of the week and descriptive words, an approach highly respecting the value of the design. The logo is alternately known as the "Eyemark", a branding used for CBS'domestic television syndication division,under the Eyemark Entertainment name, in the mid-to-late 1990s after Westinghouse Electric bought CBS, but before the King World acquisition (which Eyemark was folded into), and subsequent merger with Viacom; Eyemark Entertainment was the result of the merger of MaXaM Entertainment (an independent television syndication firm which Westinghouse acquired shortly after its merger with CBS in 1996), Group W Productions (Westinghouse Broadcasting's own syndication division), & CBS Enterprises (CBS's syndication arm from the late 1960s to the early 1970s).

The eye logo has served as inspiration for the logos ofAssociated Television(ATV) in the United Kingdom,Canal 4in El Salvador,Televisain Mexico,France 3,Latina Televisiónin Peru,Fuji Televisionin Japan,Rede BandeirantesandTV Globoin Brazil, andCanal 10in Uruguay.

In October 2011, the network celebrated the 60th anniversary of the introduction of the Eye logo, featuring special IDs of logo versions from previous CBS image campaigns being shown during the network's primetime lineup.[66]

CBS historically used a specially-commissioned variant ofDidot,a close relative toBodoni,as its corporate font until 2021.[67]

Image campaigns[edit]

1980s[edit]

CBS has developed several notable image campaigns, and several of the network's most well-known slogans were introduced in the 1980s. The "Reach for the Stars" campaign used during the1981–82 seasonfeatures a space theme to capitalize on both CBS's stellar improvement in the ratings and the historic launch of the space shuttleColumbia.1982's "Great Moments" juxtaposed scenes from classic CBS programs such asI Love Lucywith scenes from the network's then-current classics such asDallasandM*A*S*H.From 1983 to 1986, CBS (by now firmly atop the ratings) featured a campaign based on the slogan "We've Got the Touch". Vocals for the campaign's jingle were contributed byRichie Havens(1983–84; one occasion in 1984–85) andKenny Rogers(1985–86).

The1986–87 seasonushered in the "Share the Spirit of CBS" campaign, the network's first to completely use computer graphics anddigital video effects.Unlike most network campaign promos, the full-length version of "Share the Spirit" not only showed a brief clip preview of each new fall series but also utilized CGI effects to map out the entire fall schedule by night. The success of that campaign led to the 1987–88 "CBS Spirit" (or "CBSPIRIT" ) campaign. Like its predecessor, most "CBSpirit" promos utilized a procession of clips from the network's programs. However, the new graphic motif was a swirling (or "swishing" ) blue line that was used to represent "the spirit". The full-length promo, like the previous year, had a special portion that identified new fall shows, but the mapped-out fall schedule shot was abandoned.

For the1988–89 season,CBS unveiled a new image campaign officially known as "Television You Can Feel", but more commonly identified as "You Can Feel It On CBS". The goal was to convey a more sensual, new-age image through distinguished, advanced-looking computer graphics and soothing music, backgrounding images, and clips of emotionally powerful scenes and characters. However, it was this season in which CBS saw its ratings freefall, the deepest in the network's history. CBS ended the decade with "Get Ready for CBS", introduced with the1989–90 season.The initial version was an ambitious campaign that attempted to elevate CBS out of last place (among the major networks); the motif centered around network stars interacting with each other in a remote studio set, getting ready for photo and television shoots, as well as for the new season on CBS. The high-energy promo song and the campaign's practices saw many customized variations by all of CBS's owned-and-operated stations and affiliates, which participated in the campaign per a network mandate. In addition, for the first time in history, CBS became the first broadcast network to partner with a national retailer (in this case,Kmart) to encourage viewership, with the "CBS/Kmart Get Ready Giveaway".

1990s[edit]

For the1990–91 season,the campaign featured a new jingle performed bythe Temptations,which featured an altered version of their hit "Get Ready".The early 1990s featured less-than-memorable campaigns, with simplified taglines such as" This is CBS "(1992) and" You're on CBS "(1995). Eventually, the promotions department gained momentum again late in the decade with" Welcome Home to a CBS Night "(1996–1997), simplified to" Welcome Home "(1997–1999), and succeeded by the spin-off campaign" The Address is CBS "(1999–2000), whose history can be traced back to a CBS slogan from the radio era of the 1940s," The Stars' Address is CBS ". During the 1992 season for the end-of-show network identification sequence, a four-note sound mark was introduced, which was eventually adapted into the network's IDs and production company vanity cards following the closing credits of most of its programs during the" Welcome Home "era.

2000s[edit]

Throughout the 2000s, CBS' rating resurgence was backed by the network's "It's All Here" campaign (which introduced updated versions of the 1992 sound mark used during certain promotions and production company vanity cards during the closing credits of programs); in 2005 campaign introduced the slogan "Everybody's Watching", the network's strategy led to the proclamation that it was "America's Most Watched Network". The network's 2006 campaign introduced the slogan "We Are CBS", withDon LaFontaineproviding the voiceover for the IDs (as well as certain network promos) during this period. In 2009, the network introduced a campaign entitled "Only CBS", in which network promotions proclaim several unique qualities it has (the slogan was also used in program promotions following the announcement of the timeslot of a particular program). The "America's Most Watched Network" was re-introduced by CBS in 2011, used alongside the "Only CBS" slogan.[68]

2020s[edit]

In October 2020, CBS announced that it would begin to employ a more unified branding between the network and its divisions to strengthenbrand awarenessacross platforms. The two main components of the rebranding are a "deconstructed eye" motif using the individual shapes of the eyemark (such as an animated station ID), and a five-notesonic brandingdeveloped by the audio design agencyAntfood,phonetically resembling the "This is CBS" slogan.[69][70][71]

Alongside the rebranding, CBS Television Studios was renamed CBS Studios, and CBS Television Distribution was renamed CBS Media Ventures. The network also dropped the "America's Most Watched Network" and "Only CBS" taglines, with chief marketing officer Michael Benson explaining that they aimed to "be something where people feel like they are part of the family. It's tough to unify if you're bragging about yourself."[70][71]

As part of the rebranding, CBS News and CBS Sports also introduced new logos and imaging incorporating the deconstructed eye motif and sonic branding, with CBS News initially using it for coverage of the2020 presidential election,and CBS Sports launching its rebrand ahead ofSuper Bowl LVin 2021.[70][71][72][73]In December 2022,CBS News and Stationsbegan to deploy the rebranding on the local news operations of CBS's owned-and-operated stations, with most now being branded as "CBS News (region)" to align themselves with its chain oflocal streaming news channelsand the national CBS News division, and adopting new graphics andmusicincorporating the eye motif and sonic branding (replacingFrank Gari's "Enforcer" music package, which was based on a theme historically used byWBBM-TV).[69][74]

International broadcasts[edit]

CBS programs are shown outside the United States: through various Paramount Global international networks and/or content agreements, and in two North American countries, through U.S.-based CBS stations.Sky Newsbroadcasts theCBS Evening Newson its channels serving the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, and Italy.

Canada[edit]

In Canada, CBS network programming is carried on cable, satellite, andIPTVproviders through affiliates and owned-and-operated stations of the network that are located within proximity to the Canada–United States border (such asKIRO-TVinSeattle;KBJR-DT2inDuluth, Minnesota:WWJ-TVinDetroit;WIVB-TVinBuffalo, New York;andWCAX-TVinBurlington, Vermont), some of which may also be receivable over-the-air in parts of southern Canada depending on the signal coverage of the station. Most programming is generally the same as it airs in the United States; however, some CBS programming on U.S.-based affiliates permitted for carriage by theCanadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commissionby Canadian cable and satellite providers are subject tosimultaneous substitutions,a practice in which a pay television provider supplants an American station's signal with a feed from a Canadian station/network airing a particular program in the same time slot to protect domestic advertising revenue.

Bermuda[edit]

In Bermuda, CBS maintains an affiliation withHamilton-basedZBM-TV,locally owned byBermuda Broadcasting Company.

Mexico[edit]

CBS programming is available in Mexico through affiliates in markets located within proximity to theMexico–United States border(such asKYMA-DT/Yuma, Arizona;KVTV/Laredo, Texas;KDBC-TV/El Paso, Texas;KVEO-DT2/Brownsville/Harlingen/McAllen, Texas;andKFMB-TV/San Diego), whose signals are readily receivable over-the-air in border areas of northern Mexico.

Guam[edit]

In the U.S. territory ofGuam,the network is affiliated with low-power stationKUAM-LPinHagåtña.Entertainment and non-breaking news programming is shown day and date on a one-daybroadcast delay,as Guam is located on the west side of theInternational Date Line(for example,NCIS,which airs on Tuesday nights, is carried on Wednesdays on KUAM-LP, and is advertised by the station as airing on the latter night in on-air promotions), with live programming and breaking news coverage airing as scheduled, meaning live sports coverage often airs early in the morning.

Puerto Rico[edit]

In the U.S. territory ofPuerto Rico,CBS is carried through a special feed ofErie, PennsylvaniaaffiliateWSEE-TV,relayed viaMayagüez-based translator W22FA-D.

United Kingdom[edit]

On September 14, 2009, the international arm of CBS,CBS Studios International,reached a joint venture deal withChellomediato launch six CBS-branded channels in the United Kingdom – which would respectively replaceZone Romantica,Zone Thriller,Zone Horror, andZone Reality,as well as timeshift services Zone Horror +1 and Zone Reality +1 – during the fourth quarter of that year.[75][76]On October 1, 2009, it was announced that the first four channels,CBS Reality,CBS Reality +1, CBS Drama, andCBS Action(later CBS Justice), would launch on November 16 respectively replacing Zone Reality, Zone Reality +1, Zone Romantica and Zone Thriller.[77]On April 5, 2010, Zone Horror and Zone Horror +1 were rebranded asHorror Channeland Horror Channel +1.[78][79]

CBS NewsandBBC Newshave maintained a news-sharing agreement since 2017, replacing theBBC's longtime agreement withABC Newsand CBS' withSky News(which would have ended in any event in 2018 due to that entity's purchase by NBCUniversal).[80]

As of the close of the Viacom merger on December 4, 2019,Channel 5is now a sister operation to CBS, though no major changes to CBS' relationship with the BBC are expected shortly, as Channel 5 sub-contractsits news programming obligationstoITN.

Australia[edit]

Australian free-to-air broadcasterTen Network Holdingshas been owned by CBS Corporation since 2017 (and subsequently, Paramount Global). Network Ten's channels,10,10 Peach,10 Bold,andNickelodeon,all carry CBS programming, with the latter drawing extensively from the wider Paramount Global library including MTV and Nickelodeon. Before the acquisition, CBS had long been a major supplier of international programs to the network. The cost of maintaining program supply agreements with CBS and 21st Century Fox was a major factor in the network's unprofitability during the mid-2010s.[81]Network Ten entered voluntary administration in June 2017.[82]CBS Corporation was the network's largest creditor.[83]CBS Corporation chose to acquire the network, completing the transaction in November 2017.[84]

Asia[edit]

Hong Kong[edit]

InHong Kong,theCBS Evening Newswas broadcast live during the early morning hours on ATV; networks in that country maintain an agreement to rebroadcast portions of the program 12 hours after the initial broadcast to provide additional content in case their affiliates have insufficient news content to fill time during their local news programs.

Philippines[edit]

In thePhilippines,CBS Evening Newsis broadcast on satellite networkQ(a sister channel ofGMA Networkwhich is nowGTV), whileCBS This Morningis shown in that country onLifestyle(nowMetro Channel). Several CBS entertainment programs such asCSI,Late Show with David Letterman,andSurvivorSeries are broadcast byStudio 23(nowS+A) andMaxxx,which are both owned byABS-CBN Corporation.60 Minutesis currently broadcast onCNN Philippinesas a part of their Stories block, which includes documentaries and is broadcast on Wednesday at 8:00 p.m. beforeCNN Philippines Nightly Newswith replays in a capacity as a stand-alone program on Saturdays at 8:00 a.m. & 5:00 pm and Sundays at 6:00 a.m, all in local time (UTC + 8).

India[edit]

In India, CBS maintained a brand licensing agreement with Reliance Broadcast Network Ltd. for three CBS-branded channels:Big CBS Prime,Big CBS Spark,andBig CBS Love.These channels were shut down in late November 2013. Following the CBS-Viacom merger, the Hindi-language general entertainment channelColors TVbecame a sister network to CBS through theViacom18joint venture withTV18.

Israel[edit]

In Israel, in 2012 the channels Zone Reality and Zone Romantica were rebranded as CBS Reality and CBS Drama, respectively. The channels were carried by Israeli television providersYesandHot,although as of 2018they both only carry CBS Reality.

Controversies[edit]

Brown & Williamson interview[edit]

In 1995, CBS refused to air a60 Minutessegment that featured an interview with a former president of research and development forBrown & Williamson,the U.S.'s third largest tobacco company. The controversy raised questions about the legal roles in decision-making and whether journalistic standards should be compromised despite legal pressures and threats. The decision nevertheless sent shockwaves throughout the television industry, the journalism community, and the country.[85]This incident was the basis for the 1999Michael Mann-directed drama film,The Insider.

Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy[edit]

Main article:Super Bowl XXXVIII halftime show controversy

In 2004, the Federal Communications Commission imposed a record $550,000 fine, the largest fine ever for a violation of federal decency laws, against CBS for an incident during its broadcast ofSuper Bowl XXXVIIIin which singerJanet Jackson's right breast (which was partially covered by a piece of nipple jewelry) was briefly and accidentally exposed by guest performerJustin Timberlakeat the end of a duet performance of Timberlake's 2003 single "Rock Your Body"during thehalftime show(produced by then sister cable networkMTV).[86]Following the incident, CBS apologized to its viewers and denied foreknowledge of the incident, which was televised live. The incident resulted in a period of increased regulation of broadcast television and radio outlets (including self-imposed content regulation by networks and syndicators), which raised concerns surroundingcensorshipandfreedom of speech,[87]and resulted in the FCC voting to increase its maximum fine for indecency violations from US$27,500 to US$325,000.[88]In 2008, a Philadelphia federal court annulled the fine imposed on CBS, labeling it "arbitrary and capricious".[89]

Killian documents controversy[edit]

Main article:Killian documents controversy

On September 8, 2004, less than two months before thePresidential electionin which he defeatedDemocraticcandidateJohn Kerry,CBS aired a controversial episode of60 Minutes Wednesday,which questioned then-PresidentGeorge W. Bush's service in theAir National Guardin 1972 and 1973.[90]Following allegations of forgery, CBS News admitted that four of the documents used in the story had not been properly authenticated and admitted that their source, Bill Burkett, had admitted to having "deliberately misled" a CBS News producer who worked on the report, about the documents' origins out of a confidentiality promise to the actual source.[91][92]The following January, CBS fired four people connected to the preparation of the segment.[93]Former CBS news anchor Dan Rather filed a $70 million lawsuit against CBS and former corporate parent Viacom in September 2007, contending the story, and his termination (he resigned as CBS News chief anchor in 2005), were mishandled.[94][95]Parts of the suit were dismissed in 2008;[96]subsequently in 2010, the entire suit was dismissed and Rather's motion to appeal was denied.[97]

Hopper controversy[edit]

See also:CNET § Hopper controversy

In January 2013,CNETnamedDish Network's "Hopper withSling"digital video recorder as a nominee for theCES"Best in Show" award (which is decided by CNET on behalf of its organizers, theConsumer Electronics Association), and named it the winner in a vote by the site's staff. However, CBS division CBS Interactive disqualified the Hopper and vetoed the results as CBS was in active litigation with Dish Network over itsAutoHoptechnology (which allows users to skip commercial advertisements during recorded programs).[98]CNET announced that it would no longer review any product or service provided by companies that CBS Corporation was in litigation with. The "Best in Show" award was instead given to theRazer Edgetablet.[99][100][101]On January 14, 2013, CNET editor-in-chief Lindsey Turrentine said in a statement that its staff was in an "impossible" situation due to theconflict of interestposed by the lawsuit, and promised to prevent a similar incident from occurring again. The conflict also prompted the resignation of CNET senior writer Greg Sandoval.[100]As a result of the controversy, the CEA announced on January 31, 2013, that CNET will no longer decide the CES Best in Show award winner due to the interference of CBS (with the position being offered to other technology publications), and the "Best in Show" award was jointly awarded to both the Hopper with Sling and Razer Edge.[101][102]

Harassment allegations[edit]

In July 2018, an article byRonan FarrowinThe New Yorkerclaimed that thirty "current and former CBS employees described harassment, gender discrimination, or retaliation" at CBS and six women accused Les Moonves of harassment and intimidation.[103]Following these allegations, it was reported on September 6, 2018, that CBS board members were negotiating Les Moonves's departure from the company.[104]

On September 9, 2018,The New Yorkerreported that six additional women (in addition to the six original women reported in July) had raised accusations against Moonves, going back to the 1980s.[105]Following this, Moonves resigned the same day as chief executive of CBS.[106]

Presidents of CBS Entertainment[edit]

Executive Term
Arthur Judson 1927–1928
William S. Paley 1928–1946
Frank Stanton 1946–1971
Louis Cowan 1957–1959
James Thomas Aubrey 1959–1965[107]
Michael Dann 1963–1970
Fred Silverman 1970–1975
Arthur R. Taylor 1972–1976[108]
John Backe 1976–1980[109]
B. Donald Grant 1980–1987[110][111]
Kim LeMasters 1987–1990[110][112]
Jeff Sagansky 1990–1994[112]
Peter Tortorici 1994–1995
Leslie Moonves 1995–1998[113]
Nancy Tellem 1998–2004[113]
Nina Tassler 2004–2015[114]
Glenn Geller 2015–2017[114]
Kelly Kahl 2017–2022[115][116]
Amy Reisenbach 2022–present[116]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^The logo's eyemark has been in use since October 20, 1951.

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