Cheng Pu
Cheng Pu | |
|---|---|
| Trình phổ | |
| General Who Defeats Bandits ( đãng khấu tướng quân ) | |
| In office ?–? | |
| Administrator of Jiangxia ( giang hạ thái thú ) | |
| In office c.early 210s–? | |
| Administrator ofNan Commandery
( Nam Quận thái thú ) | |
| In office 210–c.early 210s | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Unknown[1] Fengrun District,Tangshan,Hebei |
| Died | After 210[a] |
| Children | Cheng Zi |
| Occupation | General, politician |
| Courtesy name | Demou ( đức mưu ) |
| Other names | "Elder Cheng" ( trình công ) |
Cheng Pu() (died after 210),[2]courtesy nameDemou,was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlordSun Quanduring the lateEastern Han dynastyof China. He previously served under Sun Quan's predecessors:Sun Jian(Sun Quan's father) andSun Ce(Sun Quan's elder brother).[3]
Early career under Sun Jian
[edit]Cheng Pu was from Tuyin County (Thổ ngân huyện),Youbeiping Commandery(Hữu Bắc Bình quận), which is located east of present-dayFengrun District,Tangshan,Hebei.He initially served as a minor official in the local commandery office. He was good-looking, resourceful, and well versed in military strategy.[4]
Cheng Pu later came to serveSun Jianand joined him in suppressing theYellow Turban Rebellionin the 180s, defeating the rebels at Wan ( uyển; present-dayWancheng District,Nanyang, Henan) and Deng ( Đặng; present-dayDengzhou,Henan). In 190, he participated in thecampaign against Dong Zhuoon Sun Jian's side, and defeated Dong Zhuo's forces at Yangren ( dương người; believed to be near present-dayWenquan,Henan). Cheng Pu fought in several battles and had been wounded many times.[5]
Service under Sun Ce
[edit]Sun Jian died in 191 and was succeeded by his eldest sonSun Ce.Cheng Pu continued serving under Sun Ce and accompanied him on hisconquestsin theJiangdongregion. He aided Sun Ce in conquering Lu gian g Commandery (Lư Giang quận) before they crossed theYangtze Riverand attacked Heng gian g (Hoành giang) and Dangli (Đương lợi), where they defeated Zhang Ying (Trương anh) and Yu Mi (Với mi), the subordinates of a rival warlordLiu Yao.Cheng Pu also participated in the conquests of Moling (Mạt lăng), Hushu (Hồ thục), Jurong (Câu dung) and Qu'e (Khúc a). In recognition of his contributions, he was given an additional 2,000 troops under his command and awarded 50 horses. He made many achievements in battle in the subsequent conquests of Wucheng (Ô trình), Shimu (Thạch mộc), Bomen (Sóng môn), Lingchuan (Lăng truyền) and Yuhang (Dư hàng).[6]
After Sun Ce conqueredKuaiji Commandery(around present-dayShao xing,Zhe gian g) from its administratorWang Lang,he appointed Cheng Pu as the Commandant (Đô úy) ofWu Commandery,with his administrative headquarters at Qiantang County ( tiền đường huyện; present-dayHangzhou,Zhe gian g). Cheng Pu was later reassigned as the Commandant of Danyang Commandery (Đan dương quận) and he moved to Shicheng County (Thạch thành huyện). He participated in the campaigns at Xuancheng (Tuyên thành) and Jing (Kính), and helped to pacify rebellions in Wu (Ngô), Lingyang (Lăng dương) and Chungu (Xuân cốc) counties. When Sun Ce was attacking the bandits led by Zu Lang (Tổ lang), he was surrounded by the enemy, but Cheng Pu, accompanied by only one horseman, charged into the encirclement to rescue his lord. Cheng Pu fought fiercely and the bandits withdrew in fear, allowing Sun Ce to escape. Cheng Pu was later appointed as General of the Household Who Defeats Bandits (Đãng khấu trung lang tướng) and the Administrator (Thái thú) of Lingling Commandery (Linh lăng quận). He followed Sun Ce in the campaigns againstLiu XunandHuang Zuat Xunyang (Tìm dương) and Shaxian (Sa tiện) respectively, before returning to his garrison at Shicheng.[7]
Service under Sun Quan
[edit]When Sun Ce died in 200, Cheng Pu, along withZhang Zhaoand others, pledged allegiance toSun Quan(Sun Ce's younger brother) and travelled around Sun Quan's territories to attack those who refused to submit to the new lord. Under Sun Quan, Cheng Pu fought at theBattle of Jiangxiain 208 and aided in the conquest ofLe'an(Nhạc an) when he passed by Yuzhang (Dự chương). He later replacedTaishi Cias the commander of a garrison at Haihun (Hải hôn). During theBattle of Red Cliffsof 208–209, Cheng Pu andZhou Yuserved as the Left and Right Commanders of Sun Quan's army respectively, and scored a major victory in the battle againstCao Cao's forces. Cheng Pu and Zhou Yu also led Sun Quan's forces in the subsequentBattle of Jiangling,a follow-up to the Battle of Red Cliffs, and defeated Cao Cao's generalCao Ren.After those battles, Cheng Pu was promoted to Major-General (Tì tướng quân) and he served as the Administrator (Thái thú) ofJiangxia Commandery(Giang hạ quận), with the commandery capital at Shaxian County (Sa tiện huyện), and was in charge of four counties.[8]
Cheng Pu was the eldest among all the senior military officers under Sun Quan, so the others often addressed him as "Elder Cheng" (Trình công) to show their respect towards him. He was also known to be a generous man who enjoyed mingling with thescholar-gentry.When Zhou Yu died, Cheng Pu was assigned to replace him as the Administrator (Thái thú) ofNan Commandery(Nam Quận). After Sun Quan agreed to allow his allyLiu Beito temporarily occupy Nan Commandery, Cheng Pu was relocated to Jiangxia Commandery. Cheng Pu was subsequently promoted to General Who Defeats Bandits (Đãng khấu tướng quân). It is not known when he died.[9]
Death
[edit]Cheng Pu's biography did not state when he died. However, theWu Shu( Ngô thư;Book of Wu), written byWei Zhao,mentioned that Cheng Pu killed hundreds of traitors and had their bodies thrown into a fire. He became ill after that incident and died after more than 100 days later.[10]
In May 229, after Sun Quan declared himself emperor and established the state ofEastern Wu,he granted Cheng Pu's son, Cheng Zi (Trình tư), a marquis title in recognition of Cheng Pu's contributions.[11]
In popular culture
[edit]Cheng Pu became a playable character inKoei'sDynasty Warriors 9.He is also a character in Total War: Three Kingdoms.
In the 2010 TV showThree Kingdoms,Cheng Pu dies from an arrow shot byShamokeduring a battle around 220 with Shu forces. After claiming Jing Province back and also beheadingGuan Yu,Liu Beideclared war onSun Quan's Wu out of retaliation and grief. To counter the move, Sun Quan sent two generals,Han DangandZhou Taiwith around 80,000 troops to face the oncoming Shu forces. However, Shu'sHuang Zhongand Shamoke routed Wu's forces without much issue which caused both Han Dang and Zhou Tai to be stuck in the melee without any way of escape. Cheng Pu then charged into the battle zone with around 500 cavalry units to try and extract both Han Dang and Zhou Tai out but in the process got shot in the chest by Shamoke and subsequently died of his wounds.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]References
[edit]- ^While Cheng Pu's birth year was not recorded, aJiang Biao Zhuanannotation in Zhou Yu's biography inSanguozhiindicated that he was much older than Zhou. (《 khu vực phía nam Trường Giang truyện 》 rằng: Phổ pha lấy lớn tuổi...)Jiang Biao Zhuanannotation inSanguozhi,vol. 54. Cheng's own biography inSanguzhialso indicated that that he was the oldest among the front-line generals. ( trước ra chư tướng, phổ nhiều tuổi nhất...)Sanguozhi,vol.55
- ^ab( Chu Du tốt, đại lãnh Nam Quận thái thú. Quyền phân Kinh Châu cùng Lưu Bị, phổ phục còn hoa tiêu đường sông hạ, dời đãng khấu tướng quân, đã chết. )Sanguozhivol. 55.
- ^de Crespigny (2007),p. 90.
- ^( trình phổ tự đức mưu, hữu Bắc Bình thổ ngân người cũng. Sơ vì châu quận lại, có dung mạo kế lược, giỏi về ứng đối. )Sanguozhivol. 55.
- ^( từ tôn kiên chinh phạt, thảo khăn vàng với uyển, Đặng, phá Đổng Trác với dương người, công thành dã chiến, thân bị sang di. )Sanguozhivol. 55.
- ^( kiên hoăng, phục tùy tôn sách ở Hoài Nam, từ công Lư Giang, rút chi, còn đều đông độ. Sách đến hoành giang, đương lợi, phá trương anh, với mi chờ, chuyển hạ mạt lăng, hồ thục, câu dung, khúc a, phổ đều có công, tăng binh 2000, kỵ 50 thất. Tiến phá ô trình, thạch mộc, sóng môn, lăng truyền, dư hàng, phổ công vì nhiều. )Sanguozhivol. 55.
- ^( sách nhập hội kê, lấy phổ vì Ngô quận đô úy, trị tiền đường. Sau tỉ đan dương đô úy, cư thạch thành. Phục thảo tuyên thành, kính, an Ngô, lăng dương, xuân cốc chư tặc, toàn phá chi. Sách thường công tổ lang, rất là sở vây, phổ cùng một con cộng tế hãn sách, ruổi ngựa la hét, lấy mâu đột tặc, tặc khoác, sách nhân tùy ra. Sau bái đãng khấu trung lang tướng, lãnh linh lăng thái thú, từ thảo Lưu huân với tìm dương, tiến công hoàng tổ với sa tiện, còn trấn thạch thành. )Sanguozhivol. 55.
- ^( sách hoăng, cùng trương chiêu chờ cộng phụ Tôn Quyền, toại chu toàn tam quận, bình thảo không phục. Lại tòng chinh giang hạ, còn quá dự chương, đừng thảo nhạc an. Nhạc an bình định, đại Thái Sử Từ bị hải hôn, cùng Chu Du vì tả hữu đốc, phá tào công với ô lâm, lại tiến công Nam Quận, đi tào nhân. Bái tì tướng quân, hoa tiêu đường sông hạ thái thú, trị sa tiện, thực bốn huyện. )Sanguozhivol. 55.
- ^( trước ra chư tướng, phổ nhiều tuổi nhất, người đương thời toàn hô trình công. Tính hảo cứu tế cho, hỉ sĩ phu. Chu Du tốt, đại lãnh Nam Quận thái thú. Quyền phân Kinh Châu cùng Lưu Bị, phổ phục còn hoa tiêu đường sông hạ, dời đãng khấu tướng quân, đã chết. )Sanguozhivol. 55.
- ^( Ngô thư rằng: Phổ sát phản bội giả mấy trăm người, toàn sử đầu hỏa, ngay trong ngày bệnh lệ, hơn trăm ngày tốt. )Wu Shuannotation inSanguozhivol. 55.
- ^( quyền xưng tôn hào, truy luận phổ công, phong tử tư vì đình hầu. )Sanguozhivol. 55.
- Chen, Shou(3rd century).Records of the Three Kingdoms(Sanguozhi).
- de Crespigny, Rafe(2007).A biographical dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD).Leiden: Brill.ISBN978-90-04-15605-0.
- Pei, Songzhi(5th century).Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms(Sanguozhi zhu).