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1989

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(Redirected fromDecember 1989)
From left, clockwise: anearthquakestrikes theSan Francisco Bay Area,killing 63 people; the proposal document for theWorld Wide Webis submitted; theExxon Valdezoil tanker runs aground inPrince William Sound,Alaska,causing a largeoil spill;thefall of the Berlin Wallbegins the downfall ofCommunisminEastern Europe,and heraldsGerman reunification;the United StatesinvadesPanamato deposeManuel Noriega;theBaltic Wayled to the independence of theBaltic statesofEstonia,Latvia,andLithuaniafrom theSoviet Union;the stands ofHillsborough StadiuminSheffield,Yorkshire,where theHillsborough disasteroccurred;students demonstrateinTiananmen Square,Beijing;many are killed by forces of theChinese Communist Party.

Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1989 in variouscalendars
Gregorian calendar1989
MCMLXXXIX
Ab urbe condita2742
Armenian calendar1438
ԹՎ ՌՆԼԸ
Assyrian calendar6739
Baháʼí calendar145–146
Balinese saka calendar1910–1911
Bengali calendar1396
Berber calendar2939
British Regnal year37Eliz. 2– 38Eliz. 2
Buddhist calendar2533
Burmese calendar1351
Byzantine calendar7497–7498
Chinese calendarMậu ThìnNăm (EarthDragon)
4686 or 4479
— to —
Kỷ Tị năm (EarthSnake)
4687 or 4480
Coptic calendar1705–1706
Discordian calendar3155
Ethiopian calendar1981–1982
Hebrew calendar5749–5750
Hindu calendars
-Vikram Samvat2045–2046
-Shaka Samvat1910–1911
-Kali Yuga5089–5090
Holocene calendar11989
Igbo calendar989–990
Iranian calendar1367–1368
Islamic calendar1409–1410
Japanese calendarShōwa64 /Heisei1
( bình thành nguyên niên )
Javanese calendar1921–1922
Juche calendar78
Julian calendarGregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar4322
Minguo calendarROC78
Dân quốc 78 năm
Nanakshahi calendar521
Thai solar calendar2532
Tibetan calendarDương thổ long năm
(male Earth-Dragon)
2115 or 1734 or 962
— to —
Âm thổ xà năm
(female Earth-Snake)
2116 or 1735 or 963
Unix time599616000 – 631151999

1989(MCMLXXXIX) was acommon year starting on Sundayof theGregorian calendar,the 1989th year of theCommon Era(CE) andAnno Domini(AD) designations, the 989th year of the2nd millennium,the 89th year of the20th century,and the 10th and last year of the1980sdecade.

1989 was a turning point in political history with the "Revolutions of 1989"which ended communism inEastern Blocof Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power-sharing coming to a head with the opening of theBerlin Wallin November, theVelvet Revolutionin Czechoslovakia and the overthrow of the communist dictatorship in Romania in December; the movement ended in December 1991 with thedissolution of the Soviet Union.Revolutions against communist governments in Eastern Europe mainly succeeded, but the year also saw the suppression by the Chinese government of the1989 Tiananmen Square protestsinBeijing.

It was the year of the firstBrazilian direct presidential electionin 29 years, since the end of themilitary governmentin1985that ruled the country for more than twenty years, and marked the redemocratization process's final point.

F. W. de Klerkwas elected asState President of South Africa,and his regime gradually dismantled theapartheidsystem over the next five years, culminating with the1994 electionthat brought jailedAfrican National CongressleaderNelson Mandelato power.

The first commercialInternet service providerssurfaced in this year,[1][2]as well as the first written proposal for theWorld Wide Weband New Zealand, Japan and Australia's first Internet connections. The first babies born afterpreimplantation genetic diagnosiswere conceived in late 1989.[3]

Events

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January

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February

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Soviet unit pictured prior to their withdrawal fromAfghanistan

March

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Mass demonstration at the Hungarian state television headquarters
TheExxon Valdez

April

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Polish Round Table Agreement

May

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June

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July

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August

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Voyager 2atNeptune
Baltic Wayin Estonia

September

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October

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ThePhillips disaster

November

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Germansstanding on top of theBerlin Wall
A peaceful demonstration inPragueduring theVelvet Revolution

December

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Flames engulf a building following theUnited States invasion of Panama


World population

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Births and deaths

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Nobel Prizes

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References

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Further reading

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  • Ash, Timothy Garton.The Magic Lantern: The Revolution of '89 Witnessed in Warsaw, Budapest, Berlin, and Prague(1999)excerpt
  • Kenney, Padraic, ed.1989: Democratic Revolutions at the Cold War's End: A Brief History with Documents(2009)
  • Sebestyen, Victor.Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire(2010)excerpt
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