Fruit tree
This articleneeds additional citations forverification.(August 2014) |
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Afruit treeis atreewhich bearsfruitthat is consumed or used by animals and humans.— All trees that areflowering plantsproduce fruit, which are the ripenedovariesofflowerscontaining one or moreseeds.Inhorticulturalusage, the term "fruit tree" is limited to those that provide fruit for human food. Types of fruits are described and defined elsewhere (seeFruit), but would include "fruit" in a culinary sense, as well as somenut-bearing trees, such aswalnuts.[1]
The scientific study and the cultivation of fruits is calledpomology,which divides fruits into groups based on plantmorphologyandanatomy.Some of those groups arepomefruits, which include apples and pears, andstone fruits,which include peaches/nectarines, almonds,apricots,plums and cherries.[2]
Examples
[edit]- Abiu
- Almond
- Amla(Indian gooseberry)
- Apple
- Apricot
- Avocado
- Bael
- Ber(Indian plum)
- Carambola(starfruit)
- Cashew
- Cherry
- Citrus(orange,lemon,lime,etc.)
- Coconut
- Crab apple
- Damson
- Durian
- Elderberry
- Fig
- Grapefruit
- Guava
- Jackfruit
- Jujube
- Lemon
- Lime
- Loquat
- Lychee
- Mango
- Medlar
- Morello cherry
- Mulberry
- Olive
- Pawpaw, both the tropicalCarica papayaand the North AmericanAsimina triloba
- Peachandnectarine
- Pear
- Pecan
- Persimmon
- Pistachio
- Plum
- Pomelo
- Quince
- Pomegranate
- Rambutan
- Sapodilla(chikoo)
- Soursop
- Sugar-apple(sharifa)
- Sweet chestnut
- Tamarillo
- Ugli fruit
- Walnut
- Water Apple
Climate effects on fruit trees
[edit]Advantages
[edit]Fruit trees can withstand the variability of rainfall better thanannual cropsdue to the deep root systems and theperennial growthhabit.[3]
Disadvantages
[edit]Climate changeis significantly impacting fruit trees, with effects varying depending on the geographical region and type of fruit tree. The annual temperature in Japan, for example, has risen at a rate of 0.124 °C per decade from 1898 to 2019, influencing fruit tree flowering times and potentially leading to a physiological disorder known as "flowering disorder" inJapanese pear,which may result from abnormal flowering or dormancy or both.[4]In Australia, climate change is predicted to prompt a major shift in the fruit farming industry by 2030, affecting the winter chill period necessary for fruit production.[5]
In addition, climate change has caused challenges like early spring and late frosts, flooding, drought, and extreme heat, all of which effect fruit trees. Severe droughts and flooding affect the trees' growth, making them more susceptible to pests and diseases. Extreme heat can damage growing fruit directly on the tree.[6]
This situation is exacerbated by global trends towards reduced organic matter in soil, necessitating innovative water conservation and management strategies to ensure crop yield and quality.[7]
See also
[edit]- Fruit tree forms
- Fruit tree pollination
- Fruit tree propagation
- List of fruits
- Multipurpose tree
- Orchard
- Pruning fruit trees
- Drupe
References
[edit]- ^"Growing Fruit Trees in the Piedmont Region of North Carolina: A Guide for Abundant Harvests".Harvesting Nature's Bounty, One Step at a Time.2023-06-05.Retrieved2023-06-30.
- ^Singha, Suman (2003),Concise encyclopedia of temperate tree fruit,New York: Food Products Press, pp.3–5,ISBN978-1-56022-941-4
- ^"Precise application of water and fertilizer to crops: challenges and opportunities".Frontiers in Plant Science.2024-12-06.doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-818732-6.00041-1.
- ^Tominaga, Akiyoshi; Ito, Akiko; Sugiura, Toshihiko; Yamane, Hisayo (2022)."How Is Global Warming Affecting Fruit Tree Blooming?" Flowering (Dormancy) Disorder "in Japanese Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) as a Case Study".Frontiers in Plant Science.12.doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.787638.PMC8861528.PMID35211129.
- ^Melbourne, Lauren Hull, University of (2016-06-21)."Climate change: What it means for fruits".Pursuit.Retrieved2024-02-08.
{{cite web}}
:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^Susan (2022-06-21)."How Climate Change Will Affect Fruit Tree Management".orchardpeople.Retrieved2024-02-08.
- ^"The effects of climate change on fruit growing | ADAMA".adama.2017-09-04.Retrieved2024-02-08.
Further reading
[edit]- Goldschmidt, Eliezer E. (March 2013)."The Evolution of Fruit Tree Productivity: A Review".Economic Botany.67(1):51–62.Bibcode:2013EcBot..67...51G.doi:10.1007/s12231-012-9219-y.PMC3606516.PMID23538880.