HMSComus(1878)
 HMSComus
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | HMSComus |
| Builder | J. Elder & Co.,Glasgow |
| Laid down | 1876 |
| Launched | 4 April 1878 |
| Fate | Sold in 1904 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Comus-classcorvette |
| Displacement | 2,380long tons |
| Length | 225 ft (69 m) |
| Beam | 44.6 ft (14 m) |
| Draught |
|
| Propulsion | 2 engines of 2,590ihpdriving single screw |
| Speed | 13kt |
| Complement | 250 |
| Armament |
|
HMSComuswas acorvette(reclassified in 1888 as a third-classcruiser) of theRoyal Navy.She was thename shipof herclass.Launched in April 1878, the vessel was built byMessrs. J. Elder & CoofGlasgowat a cost of £123,000.[2]
Comusand her classmates were built during a period of naval transition. Sail was giving way to steam, wooden hulls to metal, andsmooth-boremuzzle-loadingguns tonaval rifles.Comusshows this transition; she was driven by both sails and a reciprocating steam engine; her hull was iron and steel but sheathed with wood and copper; and some of her muzzleloading guns were replaced by rifled breechloaders.
Comuswas active for about two decades, but in that time went to the ends of empire, from the British Isles to the Caribbean and Nova Scotia to southwest Africa in the western hemisphere, and in the eastern, from the southern Indian Ocean to the northwest Pacific, and from the China station to theStrait of Magellan.
Design
[edit]Comuswas a single-screw corvette (later classified as a third-class cruiser) designed for distant cruising service for the British Empire. Built with iron frames and steel plating, she was sheathed with wood and coppered. The hull was unprotected except for a 1.5 in (38 mm) of armour over the machinery spaces.[3]with some additional protection offered by the coal bunkers flanking the engine spaces andmagazines.[4]
Comushad aship rig,with squaresails on all three masts.[5]She and her class were among the last of the sailing corvettes.[3]The vessel was also equipped with a steam engine driving a single screw with 2,590indicated horsepower;[6]to reduce resistance, this propeller could be hoisted into a slot cut in the keel when the vessel was under sail.[7]
The ship initially carried two7-inch muzzle-loading rifles,fourbreechloading 6-inch 80-pounder gunsand eight64-pdr muzzle-loading rifles,but the breech loaders proved unsatisfactory and were replaced in the rest of the class with more 64-pounders.[1]
Career
[edit]On 15 September 1878, the BritishsteamshipCity of Meccaran intoComusand theItalianbarqueCosmopolitain theClyde,damaging both vessels.[8]
1879–1884 Indian and Pacific Oceans
[edit]Comuswas fitted for sea atSheernessand commissioned on 23 October 1879 for service on theChina Station,under Captain James East and First Lieutenant (later Rear Admiral)George Neville.[9][10]In November of that year she was still completing her trials. The ship then sailed for China,[11]but was first assigned a "particular service", a search forKnowlsey Hall,an iron sailing vessel which had not been heard from since her departure from Liverpool in May 1879.Comussearched theCrozet Islands,[12]and other islands in the southern Indian Ocean.[13]In 1880Comusreturned to the Crozets in order to deposit a cache of provisions atPossession Islandfor the use of shipwrecked mariners.[14]The 1881 census, which included British ships at sea, listed Chinese amongst her crew.[15]In 1881–82 the ship was at thePellew Islandsoff the north coast of Australia.[16]
Later in 1882Comuscrossed the Pacific Ocean toSan Francisco,and refit to prepare to take theMarquis of Lorne,Governor General of Canada, and his spouse thePrincess Louise,daughter ofQueen Victoria,toBritish Columbia.[17]An anonymous note threatened the ship with destruction when the couple boarded, but a search yielded nothing, and the US revenuecutterRichard Rushescorted the corvette out of the harbour.[18]Comusdelivered the couple toEsquimalt HarbouratVictoria, British Columbiain September.[19]The next monthComusrendered assistance to two American vessels in distress offVancouver Island,actions for which Captain East was awarded a gold medal by the President of the United States.[20]Comusreturned the governor-general and the princess to San Francisco in December.[21]
In 1884Comussailed for home.[11]Upon arrival in 1885, the corvette was rearmed and was partially rebuilt. The 7-inch guns and the 64-pounders at the corners were removed; the latter were replaced by 6-inch breechloaders on newsponsons.A singleconning towerreplaced the old pair.[22]
1886–1891 North American and West Indies Station
[edit]After the refitComusrecommissioned 6 April 1886 for service on the North American and West Indies Station. In 1889 the ship transported scientists to observe thetotal eclipse of the sunoff western Africa, and noted astronomerStephen Joseph Perrydied aboard the vessel from dysentery contracted ashore.[23]
1895–1898 Return to the Pacific
[edit]
In 1891 she returned to Britain and was again refitted and rearmed. On 1 October 1895 she recommissioned for service in the Pacific, and at the end of the year was reporting on lighthouses being erected by Chile in theStrait of Magellan.[24]She saluted Alcatraz upon arrival in San Francisco 5 October 1896 while under the command of Captain H. H. Dyke.[25]In 1897Comusrescued shipwrecked sailors offAcapulcoin July,[26]called atHonolulu,Hawaii in September,[27]and visitedPitcairn Islandin the south Pacific in November.[28]The ship then returned home to be placed in reserve.
1898–1900 Return to North American and West Indies Station
[edit]Later in 1898 the ship was reassigned to the North American and West Indies station.Comusengaged in fisheries protection, and was inHalifax, Nova Scotiain 1899,[29]and in the West Indies nearTrinidadin early 1900 under the command of CaptainGeorge Augustus Giffard.[30]In late February 1900 she was ordered to return to Britain, where her officers and crew were turned over toHMSCharybdis,which took the place ofComuson the North America and West Indies Station.[31]On her way home she visited theAzores Islandsin March 1900.[32]
1900–1904 Retirement and scrapping
[edit]Comuspaid off that same year, and was stricken in 1902.[33]The ship was sold 17 May 1904 for £3625, and wasbroken upat Barrow by MessrsThos. W. Ward.[33][34]
References
[edit]- ^abWinfield (2004) p. 272
- ^Supply—Navy Estimates,Statement ofLord Randolph Churchill,House of Commons Debate, 18 July 1887,Hansardvol. 317, cc1189-295
- ^abArchibald, p. 43
- ^Osbon, pp. 195–98
- ^Osbon, p. 201
- ^Archibald, p. 49
- ^Osbon, p. 196
- ^"Shipping".Liverpool Mercury.No. 9573. Liverpooln. 19 September 1878.
- ^*Sladen, Douglas Brooke Wheelton (1907).Who's Who, Volume 59.A. & C. Black. p.1294.
- ^Elgar, p.26
- ^abOsbon, p. 203
- ^The Queenslander,Brisbane, 10 January 1880, p.56
- ^"Islands in the South Indian Ocean Visited by H.M.S. Comus in Search of Shipwrecked Crews",Illustrated London News(18 Sept. 1880)
- ^"No. 26500".The London Gazette.3 April 1894. p. 1891.
- ^"Chinese in the Port of London",PortCitiesLondon,National Maritime Museum.p.4Archived10 June 2011 at theWayback Machine
- ^Hezel, Francis X. Hezel,Marshall Islands History: Beachcombers, Traders & Castaways in the Marshall Islands,Marshalls Digital Micronesia
- ^"The Marquis of Lorne's Movements",The New York Times, 20 August 1882
- ^"The Marquis of Lorne Threatened",The New York Times, 19 September 1882
- ^Sandwell, R.W., "Love, Subversion, and the Rituals of Empire in British Columbia", in Coates, Colin MacMillan (ed.) (2006),Majesty in Canada: Essays on the Role of Royalty,University of Edinburgh Centre of Canadian Studies, p.49
- ^Hunter, Andrew Alexander (1890)Cheltenham College Register, 1841–1889,p.68
- ^"Lord Lorne Returning",The New York Times, 8 December 1882
- ^Osbon, p. 199
- ^Turner, H.H. (14 March 1890)."Report of the Eclipse Committee".Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.50(5).Royal Astronomical Society:265 et seq.Bibcode:1890MNRAS..50..265T.doi:10.1093/mnras/50.5.265.
- ^"No. 26721".The London Gazette.13 March 1896. p. 1685.
- ^The San Francisco Call Tuesday 6 October 1896[dead link]
- ^Shipwrecked Crew Rescued,The New York Times,4 July 1897
- ^"The Independent Honolulu" Monday 13 September 1897
- ^Pitcairn Island—Visits of H.M. Ships,Response of MrArnold-Forsterto question posed in House of Commons Debate 6 May 1901,Hansardvol. 93 c744
- ^Midshipmen of H.M.S. "Comus", North America and West Indies Squadron.1899 photograph
- ^"No. 27177".The London Gazette.27 March 1900. p. 2056.
- ^"Naval & Military intelligence".The Times.No. 36077. London. 28 February 1900. p. 11.
- ^"Naval & Military intelligence".The Times.No. 36093. London. 19 March 1900. p. 9.
- ^abOsbon, pp. 203–04
- ^Colledge, p. 75
Principal sources
[edit]- Archibald, E.H.H. (1971).The Metal Fighting Ship in the Royal Navy 1860–1970.Ray Woodward (illust.). New York: Arco Publishing Co.ISBN0-668-02509-3.
- Colledge, J. J.;Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969].Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy(Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing.ISBN978-1-86176-281-8.
- Elgar, Francis (1881).The Royal Navy; 1872–80, in a Series of Illustrations.W. F. Mitchell (illust.). Portsmouth: Griffin & Co.
- Osbon, G. A. (1963). "Passing of the steam and sail corvette: theComusandCalliopeclasses ".Mariner's Mirror.49(3). London:Society for Nautical Research:193–208.doi:10.1080/00253359.1963.10657732.ISSN0025-3359.
- Winfield, R.; Lyon, D. (2004).The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815–1889.London: Chatham Publishing.ISBN978-1-86176-032-6.OCLC52620555.
External links
[edit]