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ISO 9

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ISO 9is aninternational standardestablishing a system for thetransliterationintoLatin charactersofCyrillic charactersconstituting the Alpha bets of manySlavicand non-Slavic languages.[1]

Published on February 23, 1995 by theInternational Organization for Standardization,[2]the major advantage ISO 9 has over other competing systems is its univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by the use of diacritics), which faithfully represents the original spelling and allows for reverse transliteration, even if the language is unknown.

Earlier versions of the standard, ISO/R 9:1954, ISO/R 9:1968 and ISO 9:1986, were more closely based on the international scholarly system for linguistics (scientific transliteration), but have diverged in favour of unambiguous transliteration over phonemic representation. The edition of 1995 supersedes the edition of 1986.[1]

ISO 9:1995

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The standard features three mapping tables: the first covers contemporary Slavic languages, the second older Slavic orthographies (excluding letters from the first), and the third non-Slavic languages (including most letters from the first). Several Cyrillic characters included in ISO 9 are not available as pre-composed characters inUnicode,nor are some of the transliterations;combining diacritical markshave to be used in these cases. Unicode, on the other hand, includes some historic characters that are not dealt with in ISO 9.

Transliteration table

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The following combined table shows characters for variousSlavic,Iranian,Romance,Turkic,Uralic,Mongolic,Caucasian,Tungusic,Paleosiberianand other languages of the former USSR which are written in Cyrillic.

ISO 9:1995
Cyrillic Latin
Char Char Unicode Description
А а A a
Ӓ ӓ Ä ä 00C4 00E4 adiaeresis
Ӓ̄ ӓ̄ Ạ̈ ạ̈ 00C4+0323 00E4+0323 adiaeresis and dot below
Ӑ ӑ Ă ă 0102 0103 abreve
А̄ а̄ Ā ā 0100 0101 amacron
Ӕ ӕ Æ æ 00C6 00E6 aeligature
А́ а́ Á á 00C1 00E1 aacute
А̊ а̊ Å å 00C5 00E5 aring
Б б B b
В в V v
Г г G g
Ґ ґ G̀ g̀ 0047+0300 0067+0300 ggrave
Ѓ ѓ Ǵ ǵ 01F4 01F5 gacute
Ғ ғ Ġ ġ 0120 0121 gdot
Ҕ ҕ Ğ ğ 011E 011F gbreve
Һ һ Ḥ ḥ 1E24 1E25 hdot
Д д D d
Ђ ђ Đ đ 0110 0111 dstroke
Е е E e
Ӗ ӗ Ĕ ĕ 0114 0115 ebreve
Ё ё Ë ë 00CB 00EB ediaeresis
Є є Ê ê 00CA 00EA ecircumflex
Ж ж Ž ž 017D 017E zcaron
Җ җ Ž̦ ž̦ 017D+0326 017E+0326 zcaron and comma below[3]
Ž̧ ž̧ 017D+0327 017E+0327 zcaron and cedilla[3]
Ӝ ӝ Z̄ z̄ 005A+0304 007A+0304 zmacron
Ӂ ӂ Z̆ z̆ 005A+0306 007A+0306 zbreve
З з Z z
Ӟ ӟ Z̈ z̈ 005A+0308 007A+0308 zdiaeresis
Ӡ ӡ Ź ź 0179 017A zacute
Ѕ ѕ Ẑ ẑ 1E90 1E91 zcircumflex
И и I i
Ӣ ӣ Ī ī 012A 012B imacron
И́ и́ Í í 00CD 00ED iacute
Ӥ ӥ Î î 00CE 00EE icircumflex
Й й J j
І і Ì ì 00CC 00EC igrave
Ї ї Ï ï 00CF 00EF idiaeresis
І̄ і̄ Ǐ ǐ 01CF (012C) 01D0 (012D) icaron (or breve)
Ј ј J̌ ǰ 004A+030C 01F0 jcaron
Ј̵ ј̵ J́ j́ 004A+0301 006A+0301 jacute
К к K k
Ќ ќ Ḱ ḱ 1E30 1E31 kacute
Ӄ ӄ Ḳ ḳ 1E32 1E33 kdot below
Ҝ ҝ K̂ k̂ 004B+0302 006B+0302 kcircumflex
Ҡ ҡ Ǩ ǩ 01E8 01E9 kcaron
Ҟ ҟ K̄ k̄ 004B+0304 006B+0304 kmacron
Қ қ K̦ k̦ 004B+0326 006B+0326 kcomma below[3]
Ķ ķ 0136 0137 kcedilla[3]
К̨ к̨ K̀ k̀ 004B+0300 006B+0300 kgrave
Ԛ ԛ Q q
Л л L l
Љ љ L̂ l̂ 004C+0302 006C+0302 lcircumflex
Ԡ ԡ L̦ l̦ 004C+0326 006C+0326 lcomma below[3]
Ļ ļ 013B 013C lcedilla[3]
М м M m
Н н N n
Њ њ N̂ n̂ 004E+0302 006E+0302 ncircumflex
Ң ң N̦ n̦ 004E+0326 006E+0326 ncomma below[3]
Ņ ņ 0145 0146 ncedilla[3]
Ӊ ӊ Ṇ ṇ 1E46 1E47 ndot below
Ҥ ҥ Ṅ ṅ 1E44 1E45 ndot
Ԋ ԋ Ǹ ǹ 01F8 01F9 ngrave
Ԣ ԣ Ń ń 0143 0144 nacute
Ӈ ӈ Ň ň 0147 0148 ncaron
Н̄ н̄ N̄ n̄ 004E+0304 006E+0304 nmacron
О о O o
Ӧ ӧ Ö ö 00D6 00F6 odiaeresis
Ө ө Ô ô 00D4 00F4 ocircumflex
Ӫ ӫ Ő ő 0150 0151 odouble acute
Ӧ̄ о̄̈ Ọ̈ ọ̈ 00D6+0323 00F6+0323 odiaeresis and dot below
Ҩ ҩ Ò ò 00D2 00F2 ograve
О́ о́ Ó ó 00D3 00F3 oacute
О̄ о̄ Ō ō 014C 014D omacron
Œ œ Œ œ 0152 0153 oeligature
П п P p
Ҧ ҧ Ṕ ṕ 1E54 1E55 pacute
Ԥ ԥ P̀ p̀ 0050+0300 0070+0300 pgrave
Р р R r
С с S s
Ҫ ҫ Ș ș 0218 0219 scomma below[3]
Ş ş 015E 015F scedilla[3]
С̀ с̀ S̀ s̀ 0053+0300 0073+0300 sgrave
Т т T t
Ћ ћ Ć ć 0106 0107 cacute
Ԏ ԏ T̀ t̀ 0054+0300 0074+0300 tgrave
Т̌ т̌ Ť ť 0164 0165 tcaron
Ҭ ҭ Ț ț 021A 021B tcomma below[3]
Ţ ţ 0162 0163 tcedilla[3]
У у U u
Ӱ ӱ Ü ü 00DC 00FC udiaeresis
Ӯ ӯ Ū ū 016A 016B umacron
Ў ў Ŭ ŭ 016C 016D ubreve
Ӳ ӳ Ű ű 0170 0171 udouble acute
У́ у́ Ú ú 00DA 00FA uacute
Ӱ̄ ӱ̄ Ụ̈ ụ̈ 00DC+0323 00FC+0323 udiaeresis and dot below
Ụ̄ ụ̄ 016A+0323 016B+0323 umacron and dot below
Ү ү Ù ù 00D9 00F9 ugrave
Ұ ұ U̇ u̇ 0055+0307 0075+0307 udot
Ԝ ԝ W w
Ф ф F f
Х х H h
Ҳ ҳ H̦ h̦ 0048+0326 0068+0326 hcomma below[3]
Ḩ ḩ 1E28 1E29 hcedilla[3]
Ц ц C c
Ҵ ҵ C̄ c̄ 0043+0304 0063+0304 cmacron
Џ џ D̂ d̂ 0044+0302 0064+0302 dcircumflex
Ч ч Č č 010C 010D ccaron
Ҷ ҷ C̦ c̦ 0043+0326 0063+0326 ccomma below[3]
Ç ç 00C7 00E7 ccedilla[3]
Ӌ ӌ C̣ c̣ 0043+0323 0063+0323 cdot below
Ӵ ӵ C̈ c̈ 0043+0308 0063+0308 cdiaeresis
Ҹ ҹ Ĉ ĉ 0108 0109 ccircumflex
Ч̀ ч̀ C̀ c̀ 0043+0300 0063+0300 cgrave
Ҽ ҽ C̆ c̆ 0043+0306 0063+0306 cbreve
Ҿ ҿ C̨̆ c̨̆ 0043+0328+0306 0063+0328+0306 cogonek[3]and breve
Ш ш Š š 0160 0161 scaron
Щ щ Ŝ ŝ 015C 015D scircumflex
Ъ ъ ʺ 02BA modifier letter double prime[4]
Ы ы Y y
Ӹ ӹ Ÿ ÿ 0178 00FF ydiaeresis
Ы̄ ы̄ Ȳ ȳ 0232 0233 ymacron
Ь ь ʹ 02B9 modifier letter prime[4]
Э э È è 00C8 00E8 egrave
Ә ә A̋ a̋ 0041+030B 0061+030B adouble acute
Ӛ ӛ À à 00C0 00E0 agrave
Ю ю Û û 00DB 00FB ucircumflex
Ю̄ ю̄ Û̄ û̄ 00DB+0304 00FB+0304 ucircumflex and macron
Я я Â â 00C2 00E2 acircumflex
Ѣ ѣ Ě ě 011A 011B ecaron
Ѫ ѫ Ǎ ǎ 01CD 01CE acaron
Ѳ ѳ F̀ f̀ 0046+0300 0066+0300 fgrave
Ѵ ѵ Ỳ ỳ 1EF2 1EF3 ygrave
Ӏ ‡ 2021 double dagger
ʼ ʼ 02BC modifier apostrophe
ˮ ˮ 02EE modifier double apostrophe

National adoptions

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Date Region Name Descriptive name
1995-06-01 France NF ISO 9:1995-06-01[5] Information et documentation - Translittération des caractères cyrilliques en caractères latins - Langues slaves et non slaves.
1995-09-29 Sweden SS-ISO 9[6] Translitterering av kyrilliska bokstäver till latinska - Slaviska och icke-slaviska språk
1997 Romania SR ISO 9:1997[7] Informare şi documentare. Transliterarea caracterelor chirilice în caractere latine. Limbi slave şi neslave
1997-12-11 Croatia HRN ISO 9:1997[8] Informacije i dokumentacija—Transliteracija ćiriličnih u latinične znakove za slavenske i neslavenske jezike (ISO 9:1995)
2000 Poland PN-ISO 9:2000[9] Informacja i dokumentacja. Transliteracja znaków cyrylickich na znaki łacińskie — Języki słowiańskie i niesłowiańskie
2002 Lithuania LST ISO 9:2002 Informacija ir dokumentai. Kirilicos rašmenų transliteravimas lotyniškais rašmenimis. Slavų ir ne slavų kalbos
2002-07-01 Russia GOST 7.79-2000 System A Система стандартов по информации, библиотечному и издательскому делу. Правила транслитерации кирилловского письма латинским алфавитом
2002-10 Czechia ČSN ISO 9 (010185)[10] Informace a dokumentace - Transliterace cyrilice do latinky - slovanské a neslovanské jazyky
2005-03-01 Italy UNI ISO 9:2005[11] Informazione e documentazione - Traslitterazione dei caratteri cirillici in caratteri latini - Linguaggi slavi e non slavi
2005-11-01 Slovenia SIST ISO 9:2005[12] Informatika in dokumentacija – Transliteracija ciriličnih znakov v latinične znake – Slovanski in neslovanski jeziki
2011 Estonia EVS-ISO 9:2011[13] Informatsioon ja dokumentatsioon. Kirillitsa translitereerimine ladina keelde. Slaavi ja mitte-slaavi keeled
2013 GCC:Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates GSO ISO 9:2013[14] التوثيق والمعلومات - الحروف السير يليه بترجمة إلى اللغة اللاتينية - السلافيه وغير اللغات السلافيه

Sample text

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The following text is a fragment of the Preamble of theUniversal Declaration of Human RightsinBulgarian:[15]

Като взе предвид, че признаването на достойнството, присъщо на всички членове на човешкия род,
на техните равни и неотменими права представлява основа на свободата, справедливостта и мира в света, 		Kato vze predvid, če priznavaneto na dostojnstvoto, prisʺŝo na vsički členove na čoveškiâ rod,
na tehnite ravni i neotmenimi prava predstavlâva osnova na svobodata, spravedlivostta i mira v sveta,

ISO/R 9

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ISO Recommendation No. 9, published 1954 and revised 1968, is an older version of the standard, with different transliteration for differentSlavic languages,reflecting theirphonemicdifferences. It is closer to the original international system of Slavistscientific transliteration.

A German adaptation of this standard was published by theDeutsches Institut für Normungas DIN 1460 (1982) for Slavic languages and supplemented by DIN 1460-2 (2010) for non-Slavic languages.

The languages covered are Russian (RU), Belarusian (BE), Ukrainian (UK), Bulgarian (BG), Serbo-Croatian (SH) and Macedonian (MK). For comparison, ISO 9:1995 is shown in the table below.

Alternative schemes:ISO/R 9:1968 permits some deviations from the main standard. In the table below, they are listed in the columnsalternative 1andalternative2.

  1. The first sub-standard defines some language-dependent transliterations for Russian (RU), Ukrainian (UK), Belarusian (BE) and Bulgarian (BG).
  2. The second sub-standard permits, in countries where tradition favours it, a set of alternative transliterations, but only as a group. It is identical to theBritish Standard2979:1958 for Cyrillic romanization.[16]
ISO/R 9:1954, ISO/R 9:1968 and ISO 9:1995
Cyrillic ISO/R 9
1954 		ISO/R 9 1968 ISO 9
1995 		Usage per language
base alt. 1 alt. 2 RU BE UK BG SH MK
А а A a A a Yes
Б б B b B b Yes
В в V v V v Yes
Г г G g G g H h(BE, UK) G g Yes Regional Yes
Ґ ґ Ġ ġ G̀ g̀ No Yes No
Д д D d D d Yes
Ѓ ѓ Ǵ ǵ Ǵ ǵ No Yes
Ђ ђ Đ đ Đ đ No Yes No
Е е E e E e Yes
Ё ё Ë ë Ë ë Yes No
Є є Je je Ê ê No Yes No
Ж ж Ž ž Zh zh Ž ž Yes
З з Z z Z z Yes
Ѕ ѕ Dz dz Ẑ ẑ No Yes
И и I i,Y y I i Y y(UK) I i Yes No Regional Yes
I і I i Ī ī I i(BE, UK) Ì ì Archaic Yes No
Ї ї Ji ji Ï ï Ï ï No Yes No
Й й J j Ĭ ĭ J j Yes No
Ј ј J j Ĵ ĵ Y y J̌ ǰ No Yes
К к K k K k Yes
Л л L l L l Yes
Љ љ Lj lj Ĺ ĺ L̂ l̂ No Yes
М м M m M m Yes
Н н N n N n Yes
Њ њ Nj nj Ń ń N̂ n̂ No Yes
О о O o O o Yes
П п P p P p Yes
Р р R r R r Yes
С с S s S s Yes
Т т T t T t Yes
Ќ ќ Ḱ ḱ Ḱ ḱ No Yes
Ћ ћ Ć ć Ć ć No Yes No
У у U u U u Yes
Ў ў Ŭ ŭ Ŭ ŭ No Yes No
Ф ф F f F f Yes
Х х H h Ch ch(BE, RU, UK) Kh kh H h Regional Yes
Ц ц C c Ts ts C c Yes
Ч ч Č č Ch ch Č č Yes
Џ џ Dž dž Dj dj Dĵ dĵ D̂ d̂ No Yes
Ш ш Š š Sh sh Š š Yes
Щ щ Šč šč,Št št Šč šč Št št(BG) Shch shch Ŝ ŝ Yes No Yes Regional No
Ъ ъ Ă ă," ʺ Ă ă(BG) ʺ Yes[17] Archaic[17] Regional[18] No
Ы ы Y y Y y Yes No
Ь ь ʹ ʹ Yes No
Ѣ ѣ Ě ě Ě ě Archaic No
Э э E̊ e̊ È è Yes No
Ю ю Ju ju Yu yu Û û Yes No
Я я Ja ja Ya ya  â Yes No
’ ",’ ″ ’ Archaic Yes No Regional
Ѫ ѫ Ȧ ȧ ʺ̣ Ȧ ȧ(BG) Ǎ ǎ No Archaic[18] No
Ѳ ѳ Ḟ ḟ F̀ f̀ Archaic No
Ѵ ѵ Ẏ ẏ Ỳ ỳ Archaic No

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ab"ISO 9:1995: Information and documentation -- Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters -- Slavic and non-Slavic languages".International Organization for Standardization.Retrieved13 April2012.
  2. ^"ISO 9:1995".standard.no.
  3. ^abcdefghijklmnopqThe "informative" Annex A of ISO 9:1995 uses ISO 54260x52hook to leftwhich can be mapped to Unicode'scomma belowU+0326 (while the ISO 5426 also has0x50cedillawhich can be mapped to Unicode'scedillaU+0327), it also uses ISO 54260x53hook to rightwhich can be mapped to Unicode'sogonekU+0328. See for exampleEvertype 's ISO 5426Archived2020-10-21 at theWayback Machinemapping to Unicode orJoan M. Aliprand'sFinalized Mapping between Characters of ISO 5426 and ISO/IEC 10646-1Archived2020-08-02 at theWayback Machine.
  4. ^abEvertype: ISO 5426 mapping to UnicodeArchived2020-10-21 at theWayback Machine;Joan M. Aliprand:Finalized Mapping between Characters of ISO 5426 and ISO/IEC 10646-1Archived2020-08-02 at theWayback Machine;The Unicode Standard: Spacing Modifier LettersArchived2019-06-13 at theWayback Machine.
  5. ^"DIN - German Institute for Standardization".Archivedfrom the original on 3 February 2019.Retrieved3 February2019.
  6. ^"Standard - Information and documentation - Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters - Slavic and non-Slavic languages SS-ISO 9 - Swedish Institute for Standards, SIS".
  7. ^"Magazin ASRO".magazin.asro.ro.Archived fromthe originalon 13 February 2019.
  8. ^"HRVATSKI NORMATIVNI DOKUMENT".Retrieved21 December2022.
  9. ^"Sklep PKN".sklep.pkn.pl.
  10. ^"ČSN ISO 9 (010185)".technicke-normy-csn.cz.
  11. ^"Uni Iso 9:2005".
  12. ^"Spletna trgovina SIST - SIST ISO 9:2005".
  13. ^"EVS-ISO 9:2011".EVS.
  14. ^"GSO ISO 9:2013 - متجر المواصفات - Ministry of Industry, Commerce & Tourism - Kingdom of Bahrain".Archivedfrom the original on 21 December 2022.Retrieved3 February2019.
  15. ^"OHCHR | Universal Declaration of Human Rights - Bulgarian (Balgarski)".OHCHR.
  16. ^Hans H. Wellisch(1978),The Conversion of Scripts: Its Nature, History, and Utilization,New York City:Wiley,p. 262,WikidataQ104231343
  17. ^abIn Russian and Belarusian, ъ is not transliterated at the end of a word (where it occurred in the pre-1918 orthography).
  18. ^abIn Bulgarian, ъ and ѫ are not transliterated at the end of a word (where it occurred in the pre-1945 orthography).
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