Istihadha

InIslam,theIstihadha(Arabic:اِسْتِحَاضَةٌ;flowing blood) represents a disturbance of themenstrual cycleof thewomanwhich makes it difficult for her to perform some religious rituals (ibadah).^[1]^[2]

Presentation

The woman who experiences the effects ofIstihadhais calledMustahadha(Arabic:مُسْتَحَاضَةٌ) and who suffers either from excessive blood flow during the usualmenstrual cycle(calledmenorrhagia) or bleeding outside the normal period ofmenstruation(calledmetrorrhagia).^[3]

A woman is thus considered amustahadhaif she continuously releases vaginal blood and continues to bleed after having already completed her usual period of menstruation.^[4]

This is howIstihadhais seen to be vaginal bleeding caused by reasons other than menstruation or childbirth.^[5]

For some women, this bleeding never stops, and for others, it continues for longer than a normal period, but it stops temporarily for a short time.^[6]

Prayer

The jurists (fuqaha) said that the case of a woman'smenstrual period(istihadha) does not waive the obligatory prayer on her behalf, because this woman is pure and can read and recite theQuran,and since the ruling onistihadha bloodis different from the impurity ofmenstrual blood,it is sufficient for a woman's menstrual period to purify herself of blood that is in excess of her usual monthly habit in order to read theQuranfrom memorizing it or from themus'hafor during prayer (salah).^[7]

The scholars relied on the permissibility of reading (tilawa) theQuranon the fact thatistihadhais a minor invalidating event that requires only the reintroduction of ablution (wudu), so this condition does not nullify the obligation (wajib) of prayer and does not prevent its validity, nor is it forbidden to read (qiraat) theQuran,nor touch themus'haf,nor enter the prayer hall in themosqueor circumambulate (tawaf) around theKaaba.^[8]

If this blood comes under the same ruling asvaginal bleedingorgynecologic hemorrhage,then the affected woman is required to withhold the blood as much as possible through a piece of cloth, cotton and linen, and she performs ablution after hiding the blood for the time of each prayer upon entering its time (salah times) as a matter of obligatory (fard) among the majority of jurists, and as a desirable (mustahabb) as well as went to that ImamMalik ibn Anas.^[9]^[10]

Fasting

A woman must abstain fromfastingonly at the time of her period and the occurrence of her monthlymenstruation cycle,and if thebleedingcontinues with her and menstruation does not stop, then this means that she is suffering fromvaginal bleeding.^[11]^[12]

If she has a steady habit in her number and time, then she refrains from fasting for the duration of her period only, then she bathes (ghusl), prays and fasts even if there is bleeding on her, because it is menstruation blood that is caused by illness, surgery, stress or falls, so she is not prevented from performing the acts of worship (ibadah) imposed on her, and she is in the same ruling as immaculate women.^[13]

Based on that, theshariaruling on the fasting of a woman who ismustahadhahis then a correct fasting, whether her fast is adesirable fast(nafilah) or an obligatory fast (fard), and this saying was taken by theHanafi,Shafi'iandHanbalijurists.^[14]

Since her fast is valid, themustahadhawill make up the days of her menstruation if she knows that, either by the time of the month's period, or by the correct distinction between the nature, color and smell of the unclean normal blood ofhaydhand the pure blood ofistihadha.^[15]

Intercourse

In Islam, havingsexual intercoursebetween a husband and hismustahadhawife with blood in hervaginais considered harmful to both spouses.^[16]

Islamic law permits women to have penetrative vaginal intercourse during the days ofpurity,except that she (the mustahaadhat- the one with the menstrual overflow) must wash any traces of blood from her vagina before beginningsexual penetrationwith her husband.^[17]^[18]

References

^Abdullah, Abdul Rahman."Islamic Rulings on Menstruation and Postpartum Condition".
^فتاوى المراة.1996.ISBN 9789960740874.
^Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan; Al-Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hasan (2008).Concise Description of Islamic Law and Legal Opinions.ICAS Press.ISBN 978-1-904063-29-2.^{[permanent dead link]}
^Islamkotob."THE NOBLE QUR'AN - English Translation of the meanings and commentary".
^Zeno, Muhammad bin Jamil (1996).Arkān Al-Islām Wa-al-īmān.ISBN 9789960897127.
^Islamkotob (January 1985)."Women".
^الذخيرة في فروع المالكية 1-11 مع الفهارس ج1.January 2016.ISBN 9782745138989.
^التفريع في فقه الإمام مالك بن انس 1-2 ج1.January 2007.ISBN 9782745152879.
^تيمية, ابن (2 January 2019)."فتاوى النساء".
^"كيف تصلي وتصوم المستحاضة - إسلام ويب - مركز الفتوى".islamweb.net.
^دفع الإلباس عن وهم الوسواس ويليه (إكرام من يعيش بتحريم الخمر والحشيش).January 1995.ISBN 9782745107824.
^"سطور، شيئ من كل شيئ".
^Joseph, Suad; Naǧmābādī, Afsāna (2003).Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Family, Body, Sexuality and Health.ISBN 9004128190.
^McCrudden, Jim (2008).Islam FAQ.ISBN 9781436321945.
^Reid, Megan H. (22 July 2013).Law and Piety in Medieval Islam.ISBN 9780521889599.
^"مختصر الإفادة من كتاب الطهارة".
^الطرشة, عدنان (5 November 2009).دليلك إلى المرأة: جسمها / نفسها تغيراتها الجسمية والنفسية طرق معاشرتها مكروهاتها في الرجل.ISBN 9789960548371.
^النور الساري من فيض صحيح الإمام البخاري 1-10 ج1.January 2014.ISBN 9782745180933.

[1] Abdullah, Abdul Rahman."Islamic Rulings on Menstruation and Postpartum Condition".

[2] فتاوى المراة.1996.ISBN 9789960740874.

[3] Ṭūsī, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan; Al-Tusi, Muhammad ibn Hasan (2008).Concise Description of Islamic Law and Legal Opinions.ICAS Press.ISBN 978-1-904063-29-2.^{[permanent dead link]}

[4] Islamkotob."THE NOBLE QUR'AN - English Translation of the meanings and commentary".

[5] Zeno, Muhammad bin Jamil (1996).Arkān Al-Islām Wa-al-īmān.ISBN 9789960897127.

[6] Islamkotob (January 1985)."Women".

[7] الذخيرة في فروع المالكية 1-11 مع الفهارس ج1.January 2016.ISBN 9782745138989.

[8] التفريع في فقه الإمام مالك بن انس 1-2 ج1.January 2007.ISBN 9782745152879.

[9] تيمية, ابن (2 January 2019)."فتاوى النساء".

[10] "كيف تصلي وتصوم المستحاضة - إسلام ويب - مركز الفتوى".islamweb.net.

[11] دفع الإلباس عن وهم الوسواس ويليه (إكرام من يعيش بتحريم الخمر والحشيش).January 1995.ISBN 9782745107824.

[12] "سطور، شيئ من كل شيئ".

[13] Joseph, Suad; Naǧmābādī, Afsāna (2003).Encyclopedia of Women & Islamic Cultures: Family, Body, Sexuality and Health.ISBN 9004128190.

[14] McCrudden, Jim (2008).Islam FAQ.ISBN 9781436321945.

[15] Reid, Megan H. (22 July 2013).Law and Piety in Medieval Islam.ISBN 9780521889599.

[16] "مختصر الإفادة من كتاب الطهارة".

[17] الطرشة, عدنان (5 November 2009).دليلك إلى المرأة: جسمها / نفسها تغيراتها الجسمية والنفسية طرق معاشرتها مكروهاتها في الرجل.ISBN 9789960548371.

[18] النور الساري من فيض صحيح الإمام البخاري 1-10 ج1.January 2014.ISBN 9782745180933.

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Presentation

Prayer

Fasting

Intercourse

See also

References