June 1963
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The following events occurred inJune 1963:
- Willie Pastrano,a 6 to 1 underdog challenger, won theworld light heavyweight bo xing championship,defeating titleholderHarold Johnson.Although most sportswriters thought that Johnson had won the 15-round bout inLas Vegas,Pastrano was declared the winner by the judges in a 2 to 1 decision. "I'm not saying that the underworld dictated the decision," Johnson's manager told reporters afterward, "but the betting was 5–1 and 6–1 for my boy? What do you think?"[1]
- Manned Spacecraft Center(MSC) announced twospace stationstudy contracts to compare concepts for a 24-person orbital laboratory: one with theLockheed Aircraft Corporationand another withDouglas Aircraft Company, Inc.,Missiles and Space Systems Division. The stations were to be designed for a useful orbital lifetime of about five years, with periodic resupply and crew rotations.[2]
- In Vietnam, PresidentNgô Đình Diệm's office announced the dismissal of the three major officials involved in the Huế incident — the province chief and his deputy, and the government delegate for the Central Region of Vietnam — for failing to maintain order.
- Jomo Kenyattawas sworn in as the firstPrime Minister of Kenya.[3]
- Fred Lorenzenwon theWorld 600NASCAR race despite his car running out of gas on the final lap.Junior Johnsonhad been leading the race until suffering a blown tire with three laps left. Lorenzen's win brought his earnings to "just under $80,000 making him the biggest money winner in stock car racing history", even though the racing season was only half over.[4]
- Stage I ofGemini launch vehicle1 was erected inMartin-Baltimore's vertical test facility. Stage II would follow on June 9, and inspection was completed June 12. Subsystem Functional Verification Tests began June 10.[5]
- Born:Anand Abhyankar,Indian Marathi actor (d. 2012); inNagpur,Maharashtra[6]
- All 101 people aboardNorthwest Airlines Flight 293were killed when theDouglas DC-7,crashed into the Pacific Ocean west-southwest ofAnnette Island,Alaska,off the coast ofBritish Columbia.Chartered to carry U.S. military personnel and their families from McChord Air Force Base in Washington, to Elmendorf Air Force Base in Alaska, the plane disappeared shortly after being cleared to climb to an altitude of 18,000 feet (5,500 m).[7]Forty-seven years later, the cause of the accident remained unknown and the wreckage of the airplane remained "under more than 8,000 feet of water in the Gulf of Alaska".[8]
- AtHuế,South Vietnamese soldierspoured caustic chemicals on the heads of Buddhist protesters,and 67 people were injured.[9]The United States' threat of the halting of aid to PresidentNgo Dinh Diem's regime was sufficient to lead the military to conclude that Diem could be overthrown without an intervention from the U.S.
- Born:John Kirby,coordinator for Strategic Communications at theNational Security Councilin the White House since 2022[10][11]
- Died:
- Pope John XXIII,81, Italian Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church. As Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, he had been thePatriarch of Venicewhen elected on October 28, 1958, to succeedPope Pius XII.The Pope's death fromstomach cancer,complicated byperitonitis,happened at 7:49 p.m. in Rome, leaving the papacysede vacante.[12]
- Nazim Hikmet,61, Turkish poet; of aheart attackwhile picking up a morning newspaper at the door at his summer house inPeredelkino,USSR[13]
- TheAyatollah Ruhollah Khomeini,religious leader of Iran's Shi'ite Muslim community, was arrested in the city ofQomafter speaking against the emancipation of women in the regime of ShahMohammad Reza Pahlavi.[14]Khomeini would be imprisoned for eight months, and released in April 1964. Six months later, he would be arrested again and sent into exile in Turkey, then move the following year toNajaf,inIraq.In 1979, Khomeini would lead the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran.[14][15][16]
- At a Gemini Abort Panel meeting,McDonnell Aircraft Corporationrecommended dropping the lower abort limit to 35,000 feet (11,000 m). The existing abort modes were mode 1,ejection seats(up to 70,000 feet (21,000 m); mode 2, booster shutdown/retrosalvo from 70,000 feet (21,000 m) to 522,000 feet (159,000 m); and mode 3, booster shutdown/normal separation from above 522,000 feet (159,000 m) until the last few seconds of powered flight.[5]
- U.S. PresidentJohn F. KennedysignedExecutive Order 11110,delegating authority to theU.S. Secretary of the Treasuryto issue silver certificates under the Thomas Amendment to the Agricultural Adjustment Act.[17]
- Robert Wesley Patch, a six-year-old boy fromChevy Chase, Maryland,was awarded United States Patent No. 3,091,888 for a toy truck that could be "readily assembled and disassembled by a child".[18][19]
- Australian diverMax Cramerbecame the first person to dive to the wreckage of the shipBatavia,exactly 334 years after the Dutch vessel had sunk on June 4,1629.[20]
- Died:American footballerDon Fleming,25,Cleveland Brownssafety;by electrocution along with a co-worker on a construction site nearOrlando, Florida[21]
- Political demonstrationsbegan in Iran, protesting the arrest ofAyatollah Ruhollah Khomeiniby the regime of ShahMohammad Reza Pahlavi.The uprising coincided with the10th of Muharam,an Islamic holiday marking the start of the new year, 1383 A.H., and the worldwide mourning for the Roman Catholic Pope. The martyrdom of Islamic clerics on that day, the 15th ofKhordad,1342 on the Persian calendar, is now commemorated as a public holiday in Iran.
- U.S. President Kennedy announced during a speech at theUnited States Air Force Academythat theUnited States governmentwould team with private industry to quickly develop "the prototype of a commercially successfulsupersonic transportsuperior to that being built in any other country, "a reference to the British-FrenchConcordeand the SovietTupolev Tu-144.His statement would give rise to theBoeing 2707 ( "SST" )project.[22]
- Afterwards, President Kennedy flew toEl Paso, Texas,where he met U.S. Vice-presidentLyndon Johnsonand GovernorJohn B. Connally,to discuss a presidential tour of Texas to take place in lateNovember 1963,with stops inDallas,Fort Worth,San AntonioandHouston.[23]
- British Secretary of State for WarJohn Profumoresigned after revelations of anextramarital affair betweenhim and Christine Keeler, and Profumo's subsequent admission that he had lied about the affair to his fellow MPs in the House of Commons.[24]
- U.S. District JudgeSeybourn H. Lynneof Alabama enjoined the state from blocking the enrollment of the University of Alabama's first two African-American students.[25]
- Guinea's presidentSékou Tourébegan astate visit to the Republic of the Congo,creating a political stir in the country.[26]
- The first annualNHL draftwas held inMontreal.[27]
- Died:Lieutenant-GeneralAdrian Carton de Wiart,83, British Army officer who served in theSecond Boer War,World War I,andWorld War II;from natural causes[28]
- Officials of the Manned Spacecraft Center outlined the benefits of having aMercury 10.They thought that theMercury spacecraftwas capable of much longer missions and that much could be learned about the effects ofspace environmentfrom a mission lasting several days, to be applied to the forthcomingGeminiandApolloprojects. NASA continued to reject the proposed Mercury 10 mission.[29]
- A spokesman forGeneral DynamicsCorporation told scientists inDenverthat a crewed space mission to the planetMarscould be launched in1975.Andrew Kalitinsky was a speaker at a two-day symposium by theAmerican Astronautical Society,called "The Exploration of Mars", and envisioned that "a convoy of four multi-ton spaceships" would make the journey. The day before,NASAannounced plans to send twosatellitesto Mars inNovember 1964as the first step toward a mission.[30]
- ChairmanMao Zedongof thePeople's Republic of ChinaCommunist Party sent a letter to Soviet PremierNikita Khrushchev,stating that "The Chinese people will never accept the privileged position of one or two superpowers" with a monopoly on nuclear weapons, and then gave the go ahead for China to accelerate its own nuclear program. China would explode its first atomic bomb on October 16, 1964.[31]
- Born:Jason Isaacs,English film actor; inLiverpool[32]
- The Rolling Stones' first single, "Come On",was released in the UK, byDecca Records.The cover of "an obscureChuck Berryditty "would reach #21 on the British chart.[33]
- Died:ZaSu Pitts,69, American actress
- The Army of Egypt, intervening in theNorth Yemen Civil War,made the first use of poison gas in warfare since World War II, dropping chemical weapons, believed to bephosgene,on the village ofAl Kawma.[34]
- Representatives of NASA, the USAFSpace Systems Division(SSD),The Aerospace Corporation,McDonnell Aircraft andMartinAircraft met to investigate the structural integrity and compatibility of theGemini spacecraftand rocket. Contractors were instructed to furnish NASA and SSD with all available structural data by July 15.[5]
- Emile GriffithdefeatedLuis Manuel Rodríguezat Madison Square Garden to regain his welterweight bo xing title for a third time. Rodriguez had defeated Griffith in a bout onMarch 31.[35]
- The firstTitan IInuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles became operational, with the activation by the U.S. at theDavis–Monthan Air Force BasenearTucson, Arizona.[36]
- The U.S.National Museum of Naval Aviationopened atNaval Air Station PensacolainPensacola,Florida.[37]
- Fernando Belaúnde Terrywas electedPresident of Peruin a repeat of theJune 10, 1962election that had been annulled by the military five weeks later. Belaúnde and the other two major candidates from 1962 ran again, receiving 708,931 votes, 39% of those cast and more than the one-third required under the Peruvian Constitution.Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre,who had won a plurality in 1962, got only 34.3% (623,532) andManuel A. Odría25.5% (463,325).[38]
- Inelections for Mongolia's parliament,the Mongolian People's Republic Party, sole legal political party in the Communist nation, won 216 of the 270 seats. The remaining 54 seats went to non-party candidates.
- Born:Johnny Depp,American film actor; inOwensboro, Kentucky[39]
- Died:Jacques Villon,87, French Cubist painter
- U.S. President Kennedy announced the suspension of nuclear testingduring hiscommencement addressatAmerican Universityin Washington, D.C., along with the administration's plan to work towards a nuclear test-ban treaty with the Soviet Union and other atomic powers.[40]
- Florida GovernorC. Farris Bryantsigned Senate Bill 125 into law, establishing theUniversity of Central Florida.On January 24, the Board of Controls would select land near theOrange Countytown ofAlafaya, Florida,for the construction of the new campus, and the university would begin classes, under the nameFlorida Technological University(FTU), on November 1, 1968.[41]
- Twelve people, 9 of themExplorer ScoutsfromProvo, Utah,were killed and 26 injured when the truck they were on had a brake failure and rolled backwards off of a steep embankment. The dead scouts ranged in age from 13 to 16 years old, and were riding in the back of the truck on their way to theHole in the Rockrock formation.[42][43]
- Instructors from McDonnell's training department conducted two weeks of courses on Gemini spacecraft systems forflight controllersat MSC.[5]
- President Kennedy signed theEqual Pay Act of 1963into law in the United States.[44]
- Died:Anita King,78, American silent film actress who, in 1916, became the first woman to drive an automobile across the United States.
- South Vietnamese BuddhistmonkThích Quảng Đức,65, committed suicide byself-immolation,burning himself to death at a major intersection inSaigonto protest the oppression of Buddhists by the government of PresidentNgo Dinh Diem.[45]Associated PressphotographerMalcolm Brownewas the only journalist "to heed Buddhist advance notices", and his photographs brought worldwide attention the next day,[46]as well as winning him aPulitzer Prize."Many point to the self-immolation," one historian would later note, "as the single event that turned the U.S. government against Ngo Dinh Diem, though a series of events and personality clashes made the situation inevitable."[47]
- Alabama GovernorGeorge C. Wallacestood in the doorof theUniversity of Alabamato protest against integration and blockedJames HoodandVivian Malonefrom enrolling as the first African American students at the university. U.S. Defense SecretaryRobert McNamaraordered that the Alabama National Guard be placed under the command of the federal government and directed the 31st Infantry Division of the Guard to proceed to Tuscaloosa. Assistant U.S. Attorney GeneralNicholas Katzenbachapproached Wallace and cited the U.S. District Court order of June 5, requiring that the students be allowed to register, and Wallace replied, "We don't need a speech here," and then read aloud a statement that he did "hereby proclaim and demand and forbid this illegal and unwarranted action by the central government."[48]Governor Wallace stepped aside at 3:40 that afternoon, after the Alabama National Guard commander, Brigadier GeneralHenry V. Graham,told Wallace that the Guard would enforce the President's order,[49]and Wallace, who elected not to be arrested for contempt of federal court, stepped aside.[50]Fifteen years later, Ms. Jones revealed that she and Mr. Hood had actually been admitted to the University of Alabama the previous day, a detail confirmed by university records and by interviews with Jones, Hood and university presidentFrank A. Rose.[51]
- The firstlung transplanton a human being was performed at the University of Mississippi, by Dr.James Hardy.[52]The patient, identified twelve days later as John Richard Russell, a convicted murderer serving a life sentence for a 1957 killing, was given a full pardon by Mississippi GovernorRoss Barnett,in recognition of Russell's volunteering for the operation, which Barnett said would "alleviate human misery and suffering in years to come".[53]The donor, never identified, had arrived at the hospital emergency room in the evening after having a massive heart attack, and the family permitted the donation of the left lung for transplant; Russell survived for 18 more days after the surgery.[54]
- U.S. President Kennedy delivered his historic speechReport to the American People on Civil Rightsin which he promised acivil rights billand asked for "the kind of equality of treatment that we would want for ourselves."
- Died:
- Syed Abdul Rahim,53, Indian footballer and first manager of the Indian national team, died of cancer.
- Alfred V. Kidder,77, American archaeologist[55]
- Medgar Evers,a 37-year-old African-American civil rights activist, was shot and killed while standing in his driveway inJackson, Mississippi.[56][57]KKK memberByron De La Beckwithwas arrested within two weeks.[58]After two trials in 1964 that would both end without the jurors being able to reach a verdict, Beckwith would elude conviction for thirty years before being retried. He would be convicted of the murder on February 5, 1994,[59]and spend the rest of his life in prison, dying in 2001.[60]The Evers home, at2332 Margaret Walker Alexander Drive,is now designated as a historic landmark.
- The long-awaited filmCleopatra,starringElizabeth TaylorandRichard Burton,had its worldwide premiere, inNew York City.[61][unreliable source?]With a running time of 248 minutes, the epic historical drama lasted more than four hours.
- NASA AdministratorJames E. Webbtold a Senate subcommittee thatProject Mercurywas over after 4 years and 8 months, withProject Gemini's two-astronautmissions to be next.[29][62]
- Died:Andrew Browne Cunningham,80, British Admiral who commanded the Royal Navy'sMediterranean Fleet,and then the Allied Expeditionary Force, during World War II. Nicknamed "ABC", he became theFirst Sea Lordin 1943.
- U.S. RepresentativeThomas F. Johnsonof Maryland, and former U.S. RepresentativeFrank W. Boykinof Alabama, were both convicted of conspiracy to defraud the United States government and accepting bribes. Boykin would later be pardoned, while Johnson, after appealing his conviction all the way to the United States Supreme Court, would serve six months in prison.[63]
- Rocketdynecompleted its initial design of the thrust chamber assembly (TCA) for both the reentry control system (RCS) andorbit attitude and maneuver system(OAMS) of the Gemini spacecraft. Less than a month later, Rocketdyne would recommend an entirely new design for installation starting with spacecraft No. 5.[5]
- McDonnell Aircraft began deciding what Project Mercury equipment and personnel could be transferred to theGemini Program.[5]
- A cost-plus-fixed-fee contract of $829,594.80 for theGemini spacesuitwas signed with theDavid Clark Company.[5]
- Born:Greg Daniels,American screenwriter, television producer, and director; inNew York City[64]
- Valery Bykovskywas launched into orbit by the Soviet Union on boardVostok 5.[65]Bykovsky would spend almost five days in space, breaking the record recently set by American astronautGordon Cooper,and making 82 orbits before returning on June 19, at the same time asVostok 6and Valentina Tereshkova.
- Born:Duane "Keefe D" Davis,American gang member who was charged with involvement in themurder of Tupac Shakurin 1996; inCompton, California[66]
- Died:Carl Skottsberg,82, Swedish Antarctic explorer[67]
- The French retailing chainCarrefouropened the firsthypermarketin Europe. With 2,500 square metres (27,000 sq ft) of floor space for a grocery store and department store, parking space for 350 cars, and its own gasoline station, the first Carrefour hypermarket was opened at the Paris suburb ofSainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, Essonne.[68]
- Gemini Project Office (GPO) reported that the first crewed Gemini mission,Gemini 3,would be three orbits.[5]
- Born:Helen Hunt,American film actress; inCulver City, California
- SovietcosmonautValentina Tereshkovabecame the first woman in history to travel intoouter spaceasVostok 6was launched.[69]After Tereshkova, the 12th person ever to be sent into orbit, a woman would not travel into outer space again for 20 years until the launch of U.S. astronautSally Rideon June 18, 1983, as a mission specialist on thespace shuttleChallenger.Tereshkova, who would retire from the Soviet Air Force as a colonel, would marry her fellow cosmonaut,Andriyan Nikolayev,and go into politics, becoming a deputy of the Supreme Soviet, and a member of the Soviet Communist Party's Central Committee.[70]
- David Ben-Gurion,Prime Minister of Israelsince it had become independent in 1948, resigned for what he described as "personal reasons". Ben-Gurion also quit his post as Israel's Defense Minister, which he had held since 1955.[71]Levi Eshkolwould succeed Ben-Gurion.[72]
- In an attempt to resolve theBuddhist crisisinSouth Vietnam,PresidentNgo Dinh Diemand Buddhist leaders signed aJoint Communique.[73]
- OutsideXá Lợi Pagoda,inSaigon,shortly after 9:00 a.m, a crowd of around 2,000 people was confronted by police who still ringed the pagoda despite the signing of theJoint Communique.A riot broke out and police attacked the crowd with tear gas, fire hoses, clubs and gunfire. One protester was killed and scores more injured. Moderates from both sides urged calm while some government officials blamed "extremist elements". AnAssociated Pressstory described the riot as "the most violent anti-Government outburst in South Vietnam in years".[74][75]
- TheU.S. Supreme Courtruled, 8–1, in the case ofAbington School District v. Schemppthat state-mandated Bible reading in public schools was unconstitutional. The case had been consolidated withMurray v. Curlett,brought by Madalyn Murray, who in 1965 would marry to becomeMadalyn Murray O'Hair,and would become the founder ofAmerican Atheists.[76][77]TheSchemppcase was not the decision that banned prayer in American public schools, which had been rendered inEngel v. VitaleonJune 25, 1962.
- ASCII(United States ofAmericaStandardCode forInformationInterchange) was approved by theAmerican Standards Association,providing a seven-bit code of up to 128 character positions that could be used for communication between computer information processing systems.[78][79]
- AiResearchinstalled the Geminienvironmental control system(ECS) developmental test unit in aboilerplate spacecraftfor the Gemini program.[5]
- Died:
- Alan Brooke, 1st Viscount Alanbrooke,79, British field marshal andChief of the Imperial General Staffduring World War II
- John Cowper Powys,90, British novelist
- Stanoje Aksić becamePresident of the Assembly of KosovoinYugoslavia.
- A flight evaluation test was conducted on the prototype recovery beacon of the Gemini spacecraft inGalveston Bay,Texas. Ranging runs by airplanes equipped with receivers showed a maximum receiving range of 123 miles (198 km) by an aircraft at 10,000-foot (3,000 m) altitude.[5]
- Born:
- Christian Vadim,French film actor; inBoulogne-Billancourt,to actressCatherine Deneuveand film directorRoger Vadim
- Bruce Smith,American NFL defensive end and member of Pro Football Hall of Fame; inNorfolk, Virginia
- Died:Pedro Armendariz,51, Mexican actor, committed suicide
- What would become theCivil Rights Act of 1964was sent by President Kennedy to the United States Congress and was introduced the next day in the House Judiciary Committee by U.S. Representative Emanuel Celler. The most comprehensive civil rights legislation in United States history, the legislation would be passed after Kennedy's assassination, with President Lyndon B. Johnson signing it into law on July 2, 1964.[80]
- The Soviet Union'sMars 1spacecraft came within 120,000 miles (190,000 km) of the planetMarsas the first man-made object to reach the Red Planet, but was unable to return any data to Earth because of a malfunction that occurred in its antenna onMarch 21.[81]
- President Kennedy secretly approved a CIA program of renewedsabotageof the infrastructure of Cuba, though abiding by his pledge never to invade the Communist island nation.[82]
- Thepapal conclavebegan its meeting in theSistine Chapelat the Vatican, to elect a successor toPope John XXIII.Voting would begin the next day.[83]
- The Cape Gemini/Agena Test Integration Working Group met to define "Plan X" test procedures and responsibilities to verify the Gemini spacecraft's ability to command theAgena target vehicleboth by radio and hardline; to exercise all command, data, and communication links between the spacecraft, target vehicle, andmission controlin all practical combinations, first with the two vehicles about 6 feet (1.8 m) apart, then with the vehicles docked and latched but not rigidized; and to familiarize the astronauts with operating the spacecraft/target vehicle combination in a simulatedrendezvousmission. Testing took place at the Merritt Island Launch Area Radar Range Boresight Tower ( "Timber Tower" ), a 65-foot (20 m) high wooden structure.[5]
- Valentina Tereshkova,the first woman in space, returned to Earth with cosmonautValery BykovskyonVostok 6.[84]
- TheMoscow–Washington hotline(officially, the Direct Communications Link or DCL) was authorized by the signing of a "Memorandum of Understanding Regarding the Establishment of a Direct Communications Line" in Geneva, Switzerland, by representatives of the Soviet Union and the United States.[85]Though depicted in fiction as a red telephone, the hotline consisted of oneteleprintereach in both nations, linked by two cable circuits routed betweenWashington, D.C.,andMoscowby way ofLondon,Copenhagen,StockholmandHelsinki,and two backup radio circuits that usedTangier(in Morocco) as a midpoint.[86]Initially, the American DCL teleprinter was located insidethe Pentagon,and could transmit at 65 words per minute. The first announced use of the line was in 1967 during theSix-Day Warinvolving Israel and its Arab neighbors.[87]
- The first dynamic dual-ejection test of the Gemini escape system was run atChina Lake.Both seats ejected and all systems functioned properly, but the test had to be rerun because the sled failed to attain high enough velocity.[5]On the same day, a design review meeting began at McDonnell Aircraft to obtain comments and recommendations on the design of the Gemini spacecraft from experienced NASA personnel and produced 76 requests for review;[5]theBendix CorporationEclipse-Pioneer Divisionbriefed MSC on the company's study of stabilization techniques for high-resolutiontelescopesaboard crewed space vehicles.[2]
- The 234th and final episode of the situation comedyLeave It to Beaverwas broadcast on the ABC television network in the U.S., ending a six-season run that had started on October 4, 1957. The last episode was a "clip show",with the Cleaver family of (played by actorsHugh BeaumontandBarbara Billingsleyas the parents, andTony DowandJerry Mathersas the two brothers) reminiscing in order to show scenes from the show's run.[88]
- Phil Graham,publisher ofThe Washington Post,entered Chestnut Lodge, a psychiatric hospital inRockville, Maryland,for the second time. Two weeks later, he would shoot himself.[89]
- The Great Escape(a war film starringSteve McQueenandRichard Attenborough) was premiered in London.[90]
- The U.S.Civil Aeronautics Boardrefused to allow the proposed merger ofAmerican AirlinesandEastern Airlines.[91]
- The United States team won the first everFederation Cup (tennis),defeating Australia in the finals.
- Swedish Air Force ColonelStig Wennerströmwas arrested as a spy for theSoviet Union.
- CardinalGiovanni Battista Montini,theArchbishop of Milan,was elected as the 262ndpope,succeeding the latePope John XXIII.[92]Cardinal Montini took the regnal namePope Paul VI,the first pontiff with that name sincePaul V(who reigned from 1605 to 1621), and would lead the Roman Catholic Church until his death in 1978. TheologianHans Küngwould later write in his memoirs that "Montini got 57 votes, only two more than the two-thirds majority required," on the sixth ballot, with CardinalsGiacomo Lercaroof Bologna,Leo Joseph Suenensof Belgium andAugustin Beaof Germany having been under consideration as well.[93]
- Leonid Brezhnev,the ceremonial President of the Presidium of the Soviet Union, was appointed to a position in the Secretariat of the Soviet Communist Party, and viewed as "the dominant contender for succession to Premier Khrushchev as party chief and possibly as head of the government".[94]The predictions proved to be correct, as Brezhnev would be named the Communist Party First Secretary upon the removal of Nikita Khrushchev on October 14, 1964.[95]
- The13th Berlin International Film Festivalopened.
- The French magazineSalut les copainsorganised a concert on thePlace de la Nationin Paris, featuring singers such asJohnny Hallyday,Richard Anthony,Eddy MitchellandFrank Alamo.The concert attracted an audience of over 150,000.
- Born:Randy Couture,three-time UFC Heavyweight Champion; inEverett, Washington
- Died:Maria Tănase,49, Romanian folk singer; of cancer
- New York MetscenterfielderJimmy Piersallhit the 100th home run of his major league career, and his first with the Mets, and celebrated by running backwards around the bases. The Mets beat the Phillies 5–0.[96]Piersall was dropped by the Mets soon after[97]and finished out his 1,734 game career with the Los Angeles Angels in 1967.[98]
- Byron De La Beckwithwas arrested by the FBI on suspicion of the murder ofMedgar Evers,and delivered to the police in Jackson, Mississippi, to be charged with violating the civil rights of Evers, rather than with his murder.[99]
- Israel's ruling MAPAI party selected Finance MinisterLevi Eshkolto be the new party leader andPrime Minister of Israel.[100]
- The1963 Tour de Francebegan with 130 cyclists, representing 13 teams.
- Jim Clarkwon the1963 Dutch Grand Prixat Zandvoort.
- The "Enchanted Tiki Room"opened inDisneylandat theDisneyland Resort.The attraction is considered to be the first to featureAudio-Animatronicstechnology, aWED Enterprisespatented invention. Similar attractions would open inMagic Kingdom(in 1971, as "Tropical Serenade" ) and inTokyo Disneyland(in 1983, closing in 1999).[101][102]
- Born:Colin Montgomerie,Scottish professional golfer with six consecutive European Tour championships; inGlasgow
- TheTelcan,the first system designed to be used at home for recording programs from a television set, was given its first demonstration. The system, shown in England inNottingham,was seen to record programs onto a reel ofvideotapeand then to play them back with "very fair video quality" on a 17-inch (430 mm) TV, could hold 30 minutes of programming, and had a suggested retail price of £60 ($175).[103]
- Landslides killed all 94 people in a village near Changsungpo on South Korea'sGeoje Island.Another 22 people were killed in other landslides.[104]
- Zanzibarwas granted self-rule, with full independence to be given on December 10.[105]
- Two aerospace firms,The Boeing Companyand Douglas Aircraft Company, were selected for final negotiations for study contracts of a Manned Orbital Research Laboratory (MORL) concept. Results of the comparative studies would contribute to NASA's research on ways to usehumans in spaceeffectively. Langley's MORL concept envisioned a four-person Workshop with periodic crew change and resupply, with at least one crew performing a year-long mission to evaluate the effect ofweightlessnessduring long-durationspace flights.[2]
- North American Aviationbegan a series of five drop tests, using a boilerplate test vehicle, to qualify the parachute recovery system for the full-scale test vehicle in the Paraglider Landing System Program. A series of malfunctions in the fifth drop test on July 30 would result in a complete failure of the recovery system, and destruction on impact of the test vehicle.[5]
- Arnold Engineering Development Centerconducted a Geminiretrorocketabort test. Although test objectives were met, failures in the nozzle assembly and cone of the retrorocket led to a redesign.[5]
- Born:
- Ángel Azteca,Mexican professional wrestler ( "luchador" ); inGómez Palacio, Durango(died of a heart attack, 2007)
- Sükhbaataryn Batbold,24thPrime Minister of Mongoliafrom 2009 to 2012; inChoibalsan
- Died:Prince Ferdinando, Duke of Genoa,79, thirdDuke of Genoaand member of theHouse of Savoy
- Veselin ĐuranovićreplacedĐorđije PajkovićasPresident of the Executive Council of Montenegro.Montenegro was, at that time, one of the six constituent republics that made up theSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
- Born:
- George Michael(stage name for Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou), top-selling British pop music singer forWham!and later a successful solo career; inEast Finchley,Middlesex(d. 2016)
- Kent Austin,NFL and CFL quarterback, college football and Canadian football coach; inNatick, Massachusetts
- Yann Martel,Spanish-born Canadian writer; inSalamanca
- U.S. President Kennedy delivered his famous "Ich bin ein Berliner"speech in front of theBerlin WallinWest Berlin.[106]After climbing a specially built reviewing stand at the Brandenburg Gate so that he could look into East Berlin, Kennedy was driven to the West Berlin city hall, where he addressed a crowd of 150,000 people. Kennedy began his speech by saying that "2,000 years ago, the proudest boast wascivis Romanus sum[Latin, "I am a Roman" ]. Today, in the world of freedom, the proudest boast isIch bin ein Berliner[German, "I am a Berliner" ] ".[107]
- Paul McCartneyandJohn Lennonwrote their hit song "She Loves You",while staying at the Turk's Hotel inNewcastle-upon-Tyne.Paul would later recall that when he played the recording for his father, the elder McCartney suggested (unsuccessfully) that "yeah, yeah, yeah" should be replaced with "Yes! Yes! Yes!".[108]
- The Soviet Union'spenal systemwas reformed to provide for "colony-settlements" (kolonii-poselenya) for prisoners who "displayed evidence of their aptitude for reintegration into society".[109]
- The Canadian circus shipFleuruscaught fire and sank atYarmouth, Nova Scotia.All people and animals were saved except for somezebras.[110]
- Born:Mikhail Khodorkovsky,Russian oil company owner and the wealthiest man in post-Soviet Russia, imprisoned 2003 to 2013 after opposing the government of Russian PresidentVladimir Putin,exiled since 2013; inMoscow
- The state ofMinnesotaenacted the first law in the United States requiring modifications of buildings to provideaccessibilityfor handicapped persons, with GovernorKarl Rolvaagsigning the bill.[111]
- Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.,who had been the losing Republican candidate for Vice President of the United States in 1960, was nominated by the winner of that election, President Kennedy, to be the new U.S. ambassador to South Vietnam.[112]
- In a visit toIreland,U.S. President Kennedy visitedDunganstownin County Wexford, from which his great-grandfather Patrick Kennedy had left in 1843 to emigrate to the United States. "If he hadn't left," Kennedy joked, "I'd be working at the Albatross Company", a local fertilizer factory. Kennedy was hosted by his third cousin, widow Mary Ann Ryan.[113]
- The Gemini Project Office reported that the launchingazimuthof thefirst Gemini missionhad been changed from 90 to 72.5 degrees (the same as the Mercury orbital launches) to obtain bettertracking networkcoverage. The spacecraft would be a complete production shell, including shingles andheatshield,equipped with a simulatedcomputer,inertial measuring unit,and environmental control system in thereentry module.Simulated equipment would also be carried in theadapter section.The spacecraft would carry instruments to record pressures, vibrations, temperatures, andaccelerations.[5]
- Two days after U.S. President Kennedy had delivered his "Ich bin ein Berliner" speech on the western side of theBerlin Wall,Soviet Premier Khrushchev gave a speech to workers at an East Berlin toolmaking factory and gave his response. According to reports, the English translation of the German translation of Khrushchev's Russian-language speech read, "I am told the President of the United States looked at the Wall with great indignation. Apparently, he didn't like it the least little bit. But I like it very much indeed. The working class of the German Democratic Republic has put up a wall and plugged the hole so that no more wolves can break in. Is that bad? It's good."[114][115]
- At a meeting on spacecraft operations, McDonnell Aircraft presented a "scrub" recycle schedule (preparing a spacecraft for another launch attempt after the first one was scrubbed), and estimated 48 hours for a trouble-free recycle. The Gemini Project Office wanted recycle time reduced to 24 hours and ultimately to less than 19 hours to meet successive launch windows, possibly by replacingfuel cellswith batteries for rendezvous missions only.[5]
- Carlos Hugo, Duke of Parma,pretender to the thrones of Parma and Spain, was officially renamed Charles Hugues, by judgment of the court of appeal of la Seine, France.
- Born:Babatunde Fashola,Nigerian politician, 13thGovernor of Lagos Statefrom 2007 to 2015; inLagos[116]
- Died:
- Tom Dumay, 21, AmericanSCUBA diver,aMontana State Universitysenior and a member of the Flathead County Lifesaving and Rescue Association, drowned inLake McDonaldwhile searching for the body of 6-year-old Gregory Trenor, who had drowned the previous day inGlacier National Park, United States.Dumay's diving partner, 21-year-old Ron Koppang, also ofColumbia Falls, Montana,survived the dive but was treated fordecompression sickness.Dumay's body was recovered the same day; Trenor's body was discovered on August 21.[117]
- John "Home Run" Baker,77, American baseball player andNational Baseball Hall of Fameinductee, American League home run leader for four seasons 1911 to 1914.[118]
- TheNew York Journal Americannewspaper published a story headlined "High U.S. Aide Implicated in V-girl Scandal". Included in the article, byinvestigative reportersJames D. Horan and Dom Frasca, was mention that call-girl Suzy Chang was a "former paramour" of "one of the biggest names in American politics— a man who holds a very high elective office". U.S. Attorney GeneralRobert F. Kennedy,aware of the sexual encounters between his brother President John F. Kennedy and Chang, summoned Horan and Frasca to Washington for an interrogation and verified that the reporters "were indeed referring to his brother", then pressured them to halt further investigation.[119]
- TheUniversity of East Africawas established by theUniversity of London,with campuses in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. In 1970, the university was split into three independent institutions, theUniversity of Nairobi,Makerere University,and theUniversity of Dar es Salaam.[120]
- TheSaab 105aircraft made its first flight.[121]
- Died:
- Ahmed Hilmi Pasha,84, Palestinian leader and one time Prime Minister of theAll-Palestine Governmentin 1948.[122]
- Frank Paul,79, American science fiction illustrator
- A car bomb killed five police officers and two military engineers in ItalyatCiaculli,a suburb ofPalermoon the island ofSicily.A bomb that had been visible on the backseat of an Alfa Romeo car had been defused, but when a police officer opened thetrunkof the automobile, a second bomb exploded. The event was the culmination of the First Mafia War, breaking the unofficial peace pact between the police and the Mafia; over the next month, 10,000 police were sent from the Italian mainland and 250 mafiosi were arrested, suspending the activities of theCosa Nostra.[123]
- The Alfred-Brehm-Haus, at the time the largest enclosedzoobuilding in the world (5,300 m2or 1.3 acres) was opened atTierpark Berlinwith enclosures for the larger felines (including lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars and pumas), and a largeaviary.[124]
- Pope Paul VI was crownedat Vatican'sSt. Peter's Squarein the lastpapal coronationto date.[125]
- Jim Clarkwon the1963 French Grand Prixat Reims-Gueux.[126]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^"Aftermath of a Title Fight: Controversy Follows Pastrano's Victory".Miami News.June 3, 1963. p. 1C.
- ^abc
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.Brooks, Courtney G.; Ertel, Ivan D.; Newkirk, Roland W."PART I: Early Space Station Activities -January 1963 to July 1965.".SKYLAB: A CHRONOLOGY.NASA Special Publication-4011.NASA.p. 25.Retrieved14 March2023.
- ^Nafukho, Fredrick Muyia; Khayesi, Meleckidzedeck (2016).Informal Public Transport in Practice: Matatu Entrepreneurship.Taylor & Francis.p. 92.ISBN9781317116868.
- ^"Lorenzen 'Coasts' To Victory In '600' Despite Empty Tank".Miami News.June 3, 1963. p. 3C.
- ^abcdefghijklmnopqThis article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain.Grimwood, James M.; Hacker, Barton C.; Vorzimmer, Peter J."PART II (A) Development and Qualification January 1963 through December 1963".Project Gemini Technology and Operations - A Chronology.NASA Special Publication-4002.NASA.Retrieved30 March2023.
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- ^Reingold, Lester A. (September 2010)."Cause Unknown: What brought down these five airplanes?".Air & Space.[dead link]
- ^Halberstam, David(June 4, 1963). "67 Buddhists Hurt in Vietnam Clash".The New York Times.p. 1A.
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- ^Nazim Hikmet
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- ^"We Plan 2 Shots At Mars In '64".Miami News.June 6, 1963. p. 1.
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- ^"Governor Wallace Gives Up Struggle; Negroes Enroll At University".Tuscaloosa, Alabama.June 11, 1963. p. 1.
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- ^"Barnett To Free Killer Who Had Lung Transplant".Miami News.June 26, 1963. p. 3A.
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- ^Alfred-V-Kidderat theEncyclopædia Britannica
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- ^"Deltan Facing Murder Charge".Laurel Leader-Call.Laurel, Mississippi.June 24, 1963. p. 1.
- ^"Jury convicts racist of 30-year old murder".Winnipeg Free Press.February 6, 1994. p. A-4.
- ^"Byron De La Beckwith Dies; Killer of Medgar Evers Was 80".The New York Times.January 23, 2001.
- ^imdb
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- ^Bendazzi, Giannalberto (November 6, 2015).Animation: A World History.CRC Press.ISBN9781317519874.
- ^"Another Russian Man Hurdles Through Space",Miami News,June 14, 1963, p1
- ^"Who is Duane Davis, the man police just arrested in connection to Tupac's murder?".Los Angeles Times.2023-09-29.Archivedfrom the original on September 30, 2023.Retrieved2023-09-29.
- ^Salisbury, E. J. (1964)."Carl Johan Fredrik Skottsberg 1880-1963".Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society.10:244–256.doi:10.1098/rsbm.1964.0015.
- ^Roberts, Graham H. (2005). "Auchan's entry into Russia: prospects and research implications".International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management.33(1): 50.doi:10.1108/09590550510577129.
- ^"Russ Orbit 'Space Sister'".Milwaukee Sentinel.June 17, 1963. p. 1 – via Google News.[dead link]
- ^Lindsay, Hamish (2001).Tracking Apollo to the Moon.Springer. pp. 86–88.
- ^"Ben-Gurion Quits Both Israel Posts".Milwaukee Sentinel.June 17, 1963. p. 2.
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- ^Jones, p. 277.
- ^"High Court Rules Against Bible Reading In Schools".Miami News.June 17, 1963. p. 1.
- ^Seaman, Ann Rowe (2005).America's Most Hated Woman: The Life and Gruesome Death of Madalyn Murray O'Hair.Continuum International.p. 68.
- ^"New Processing Machines Can Now Talk To One Another".Miami News.July 25, 1963. p. 12A.
- ^Belzer, Jack, ed. (1975). "ASCII CODE".Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology.CRC Press.p. 28.
- ^Loevy, Robert D. (1997).The Civil Rights Act of 1964: The Passage of the Law That Ended Racial Segregation.SUNY Press.p. 354.
- ^Huntress, Wesley T.(2011).Soviet Robots in the Solar System.Springer. p. 113.
- ^Douglass, James W.(2010).JFK and the Unspeakable: Why He Died and Why It Matters.Simon and Schuster.p. 66.
- ^"Four Ballots— But No Pope".Miami News.June 20, 1963. p. 1.
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- ^Genovese, Michael A., ed. (2010). "Hotline".Encyclopedia of the American Presidency.Infobase Publishing.p. 244.
- ^"Take a Fond, Last Look at Beaver",St. Petersburg (FL) Times,June 20, 1963, p. 15-B
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- ^"The Great Escape, premiere".The Times.London. 20 June 1963. p. 2.
- ^"American-Eastern Merger Dead Issue".Miami News.June 21, 1963. p. 4A.
- ^"The New Pope— Paul VI",Miami News,June 21, 1963, p1
- ^Hans Küng,My Struggle for Freedom: A Memoir(Continuum International, 2005) p329
- ^"Brezhnev Given Key Soviet Post",San Antonio Express And News,June 22, 1963, p1
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- ^"Piersall Helps Clown Himself Off Mets",El Paso Herald Post,July 23, 1963, pB-5
- ^Ron Briley,The Baseball Film in Postwar America: A Critical Study, 1948-1962(McFarland, 2011) p144
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- ^"Landslide Wipes Out Village In Korea".Miami News.June 25, 1963. p. 1.
- ^Stewart, John, ed. (2006).African States and Rulers.McFarland. p. 240.
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- ^"Irish Stew For Kennedy".Miami News.June 27, 1963. p. 1.
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