June 1970
Appearance
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![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Harold_Wilson.jpg/200px-Harold_Wilson.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3907_stamp_%28Cosmonauts_Andriyan_Nikolayev_and_Vitaly_Sevastyanov%2C_Soyuz_9%29.jpg/150px-The_Soviet_Union_1970_CPA_3907_stamp_%28Cosmonauts_Andriyan_Nikolayev_and_Vitaly_Sevastyanov%2C_Soyuz_9%29.jpg)
The following events occurred inJune 1970:
June 1, 1970 (Monday)
[edit]- Soyuz 9,a two-man spacecraft with cosmonauts Andrian Nikolayev and Vitaly Sevastianov, was launched from theSoviet Union's Baikonur space center at 1:09 in the morning of June 2 (19:09 p.m. UTC).[1]
- Born:
- Alexi Lalas,American soccer player for the U.S. National team; inBirmingham, Michigan
- Alison Hinds,Barbadiansoca singer known as "The Queen of Soca"; born inLondon,Englandnow residing inBarbados.
- R. Madhavan(Raganathan Madhavan), Indian film actor and producer inBollywoodfilms andTamil cinema;inJamshedpur,Biharstate
- Died:Pedro Eugenio Aramburu,67, formerPresident of Argentina(1955-1958), was murdered inBuenos Aires,three days after being kidnapped from his apartment.
June 2, 1970 (Tuesday)
[edit]- A team of scientists at theUniversity of Wisconsin,led by Dr.H. Gobind Khorana,announced that they had synthesized the firstartificial gene.[2]
- Discovery of Western Europe's first large oil field, located offshore beneathNorway's section of theNorth Seawas announced by thePhillips Petroleum Companyof the U.S., one of four companies in a consortium that had been drilling undersea. "[3]The other partners in the venture wereAGIPof Italy,Petrofinaof Belgium, and thePetronord Groupof seven French companies and one from Norway. TheEkofisk oil fieldis 185 miles (298 km) fromNorwayand 200 miles (320 km) fromScotland.[4]
- Born:B-Real(stage name for Louis Freese), American rapper and lead for the hip hop groupCypress Hill;inLos Angeles
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/McLarenBruce.jpg/100px-McLarenBruce.jpg)
- Died:
- Bruce McLaren,32, New Zealand race car engineer and driver, founder of theMcLaren Group,was killed while testing theM8D,the fourth modification of his M8A series, at England'sGoodwood Circuit,nearChichester,West Sussex[5]
- Orhan Kemal(pen name for Mehmet Raşit Öğütçü), 55, Turkish novelist
- George Watkins,69, American baseball player who had a record.373 batting average in his rookie season, but spent only six seasons in the major leagues
June 3, 1970 (Wednesday)
[edit]- U.S. PresidentRichard M. Nixonannounced in a nationwide television and radio address that American troops would be pulled back out ofCambodiaafter the achievement of "all our major military objectives", and that half of the 31,000 U.S. troops in Cambodia had been returned to fight in South Vietnam.[6]
- Died:
- Hjalmar Schacht,93, German politician and financier who served as President of theReichsbankand as Adolf Hitler's Minister of Economics from 1935 to 1937 during Germany's dramatic recovery from the worldwide economic recession
- Aníbal Milhais,74, Portugal's most highly decorated soldier and national hero.
- Ruth Sawyer,89, American children's author and adult fiction novelist
- R. K. Mellon,70, American financier and philanthropist
June 4, 1970 (Thursday)
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Tonga.svg/100px-Flag_of_Tonga.svg.png)
- TheKingdom of Tongawas granted independence from theUnited Kingdom,after 70 years as a Britishprotectorate,withTāufaʻāhau Tupou IVas King and his brotherFatafehi Tuʻipelehakeas Prime Minister. Independence celebrations were held in the capital atNukuʻalofaat a soccer field next to the royal palace, but attended by only 3,000 of the nation's 80,000 residents; most citizens on the island ofTongatapuwere preparing instead for the arrival of 1,700 passengers from the ocean linerOriana.[7]
- The hijacking of aTWAFlight 486, and its 51 passengers, ended eight hours after it started, when police atDulles International Airportin Washington persuaded Arthur G. Barkley to leave the plane. Three hours earlier, Barkley had been paid the first ransom ever given to an American hijacker when TWA provided him with $100,750 when the Boeing 727 flight from Phoenix to Washington landed at its intended destination of Dulles. Barkley was upset, however, to discover that he was not being provided the ransom of $100,000,000 he had demanded[8]and forced the plane to take flight again.[9]Barkley would later be found not guilty by reason of insanity, of crimes arising from the wounding of Flight 486's pilot, and the air piracy charges would be dropped when he was committed to a hospital for the criminally insane[10]
- Born:Izabella Scorupco,Polish-born Swedish film actress known forGoldenEye;inBialystok
- Died:Menasha Skulnik,80, American stage and radio comedian, known for his performances inYiddish theaterand as the recurring character "Uncle David" onThe Goldbergs
June 5, 1970 (Friday)
[edit]- U.S. PresidentRichard M. Nixonheld a meeting with the four chiefs of the American intelligence agencies (J. Edgar Hooverof the FBI,Richard Helmsof the CIA,Noel Gaylerof the NSA andDonald V. Bennettof the Defense Intelligence Agency) and prepared a plan for the "Huston Plan",a program to spy against, infiltrate, and make arrests of the members of, groups protesting against the Vietnam War[11]Tom Charles Huston, a lower level member of the White House staff, delivered a detailed proposal on June 26, which President Nixon approved on July 14. The Huston plan, however, was abruptly canceled the next day before it could be implemented.[12]Existence of the plan would later be revealed during testimony by Huston before U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee in 1973.[13]
June 6, 1970 (Saturday)
[edit]- Two masterpiece paintings,Paul Gauguin's "A Still Life of Apples and Grapes" andPierre Bonnard'sLes Deux Sauteuils( "The Two Chairs" ), were stolen from the North London home of a British philanthropist Mathilda Marks-Kennedy,[14]Sir Mark Kennedy, creating a mystery that would remain unsolved for the next 43 years. Sold for US$25 at a police auction inTurinin 1975 after being abandoned by the burglars in a railway station, the paintings would be found in 2014 in the home of an Italian auto worker who was unaware of their value. In 1970, the Gauguin was valued at £120,000 (US$228,000) and the Bonnard at £35,000 (US$84,000).[15]By 2014, the worth of the Gauguin and the Bonnard works together would be valued at US$50,000,000.[16]The good faith purchaser "known only as Nicolo", would be allowed to keep the Gauguin painting[17]
June 7, 1970 (Sunday)
[edit]- Rock music was performed for the first time at "The Met", New York'sMetropolitan Opera House,whenThe Whoperformed theirrock opera,Tommy.[18]
- Voters inSwitzerlandrejecteda proposed constitutional amendment to require non-citizens to leave the country.James Schwarzenbach,a member of the federal parliament who had gotten the proposal on the ballot, sought to stop what he calledÜberfremdung(Over-foreignization) of Switzerland. The vote was 645,588 against and 557,714 in favor of the proposal and brought a turnout of 74% of the nation's men.[19]
- Voters in the western part ofWest Germany's state ofBaden-Württemberg,overwhelmingly (82% to 18%) rejected a constitutional amendment that would have madeBadena separate state fromWürttemberg.[20]
- Earl Anthony,who would later be the six-time national champion of theProfessional Bowlers Association(PBA), won the first of 43 PBA Tour tournaments in a 14-year career. Rookie Anthony's first win came at the Heidelberg Open inSeattle.[21]
- Born:
- Ronaldo da Costa,Brazilian long distance runner who held the world record for fastest marathon (2 hours, 6:05) for 11 months; inDescoberto,Minas Geraisstate
- Dulmatin,Indonesian Muslim terrorist who planned the2002 Bali bombings;as Djoko Pitono inPemalang(killed in commando raid, 2010)
- Died:
- E. M. Forster,91, English novelist known forA Passage to India
- Manuel Gómez-Moreno,100, Spanish archaeologist
June 8, 1970 (Monday)
[edit]- Argentina's PresidentJuan Carlos Onganiawas overthrown in a militarycoup d'etat,after Ongania fired the commander-in-chief of the Argentine Army, Lieutenant GeneralAlejandro Agustín Lanusse.[22]As military units began seizing control of strategic points inBuenos Airesand the rest of the nation, Ongania barricaded himself inside the presidential offices at theCasa Rosada,protected by 1,200 members of his presidential guard. After 12 hours of negotiation, Ongania agreed to be driven, with police escort, to army headquarters where he submitted his resignation, then departed to the presidential residence atQuinta de Olivos.A three-man junta consisting of Lanusse, Admiral Pedro Gnavi and Air Force General Juan Carlos Rey, then advised the Argentine Supreme Court that they had assumed control of the executive branch and that they would name a president within ten days. On June 14, they designated GeneralRoberto M. Levingstonas the new President.[23]
- Russian serial killerBoris Serebryakov,who had murdered nine victims over 14 months, was arrested inKuybyshev,three days after he had killed a family of four.[24][25]He would be executed by a single gunshot to the back of his head after a trial in 1971.
- Born:
- Mike Modano,American NHL center and inductee into theHockey Hall of Fame;inLivonia, Michigan
- Gabby Giffords,U.S. Representative for Arizona from 2007 to 2012, known for being severely wounded in an assassination attempt in 2011; inTucson, Arizona
- Steve "Pearl" Renouf,celebrated Australian rugby league centre; inMurgon,Queensland
- Died:Abraham Maslow,62, American psychologist known for formulating the theory ofhierarchy of needs
June 9, 1970 (Tuesday)
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Justice_Blackmun_Official.jpg/100px-Justice_Blackmun_Official.jpg)
- The Supreme Court of the United States had nine members again after having operated with only eight for more than a year.Harry A. Blackmun,the third nominee for the vacancy, was sworn in as the new Associate Justice, 13 months after the resignation of Abe Fortas on May 15, 1969.[26]
- Died:Rafael Ángel Calderón,70,President of Costa Ricafrom 1940 to 1944
June 10, 1970 (Wednesday)
[edit]- InMozambique,at the time a southwest African colony ofPortugal,the Portuguese Army launchedOperation Gordian Knot,its counter-offensive against the nationalist guerrillas ofFRELIMO(Frente deLibertação deMoçambique). Using 35,000 troops, the seven-month battle in thePortuguese Colonial Warwas partially successful in forcing the rebels to retreat, but FRELIMO forces ultimately regrouped after the operation ended. In 1975, after a change of government, Portuguese forces would withdraw from their overseas colonies, and Mozambique would be granted independence.
- Born:
- Katsuhiro Harada,Japanese video game producer and developer of theTekkenseries; inOsaka
- Gerður Kristný,Icelandic author of children's books; inReykjavík
- Kelli Williams,American television actress, inLos Angeles
- Died:Bartolomé Blanche,91, Chilean military officer who served asPresident of Chilefor 19 days in 1932
June 11, 1970 (Thursday)
[edit]- Anna Mae HaysandElizabeth P. Hoisingtonof the U.S. Army were formally promoted to the rank ofbrigadier general,making them the first female generals in American history.[27]General Hayes was the director of theArmy Nurse Corps,and General Hoisington commanded theWomen's Army Corps.
- Wheelus Air Base,the last American military unit inLibya,was turned over to the Libyan government as the last 47 U.S. troops in the North African nation withdrew.[28]The base, located nearTripoli,was renamed Okba Ben Nafi Airfield and became the main base for theLibyan Air Force.In 1995, it would be converted to civilian use and renamed theMitiga International Airport.
- Viet Congtroops attacked Thanh My hamlet, Phu Thanh village inQuang Nam ProvincenearDa Nangand killed 70 of the 2,000 civilian residents in theThanh My massacre.According to survivors, the attackers raced through the streets and shot bystanders, as well as throwing grenades into shelters and homes. Another 44 were killed in attacks outside of Ba Ren[29]
- TheLibrary of Tibetan Works and Archiveswas founded by the exiled14th Dalai Lamain the city ofDharamshalainIndia'sHimachal Pradesh,where most Tibetans had moved to after China's invasion of the Himalayan nation. The library now houses Tibetan Buddhist books, manuscripts and other items rescued by the Tibetans.
- The U.S. state ofLouisianavoted to ratify theNineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution(granting women the right to vote) almost 50 years after the amendment had become effective nationwide.[30]Louisiana had previously rejected the amendment on July 1, 1920. With the ratification, only two states had failed to ratify. North Carolina would approve on May 6, 1971, and Mississippi would finally vote to approve on March 22, 1984.
- Died:
- A. A. Allen,59, American evangelist and reputed faith healer
- Alexander Kerensky,89,Prime Minister of Russiain 1917 after the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II, until his own overthrown three months later by the Bolshevik revolution. Kerensky had lived in exile for more than 50 years and had lived in New York since 1961.[31]
- Frank Laubach,85, American Christian missionary and activist for literacy
- Frank Silvera,55, Jamaican-born American stage, film and TV actor, was accidentally electrocuted in his home[32]
June 12, 1970 (Friday)
[edit]- Australia began its conversion to the metric systemas assent was given to the Metric Conversion Act[33]
- The city ofEnerhodar,which now has a 47,000 population, was founded in theUkrainian SSR(nowUkraine) to service theZaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plantin the Soviet Union[34]
- Dock Ellis,a pitcher for baseball'sPittsburgh Pirates,threw the firstno-hitterof the 1970 season while, he would claim later, he was high on the hallucinogenic drugLSD.In the 2 to 0 win in San Diego over thePadres,Ellis allowed eightwalks[35]On April 8, 1984, Ellis would claim that he had taken LSD six hours before the game because he hadn't realized that the Pirates were playing that day, let alone the starting pitcher. He said that he remembered little about the game other than a feeling of euphoria and that he was "zeroed in" on the catcher's glove[36][37]
- At the 1970U.S. Open golf championshipatHazeltine National Golf ClubinChaska, Minnesota,Dave Hillcriticized the tournament's venue saying what it lacked- "Eighty acres ofcornand a fewcows.They ruined a good farm when they built this course. "[38]
- BC Andorra,the first and only professional basketball team of the tinyPrincipality of Andorra,was founded as Club de Basket Les Escaldes, adopting its present name of Bàsquet Club Andorra less than a year later.[39]
- Died:William "Billy Bats" Bentvena,49, convicted organized crime smuggler, was murdered three days after his release from federal prison. One of his associates in theGambino crime familylater wrote that Bentvena insultedThomas DeSimone,a member of the rivalLucchese crime familyand that DeSimone then carried out Bentvena's kidnapping and stabbing.
June 13, 1970 (Saturday)
[edit]- U.S. President Nixon appointed nine people (five white, four African-Americans) to create thePresident's Commission on Campus Unrest,chaired by former Pennsylvania governorWilliam Scranton,41 days after the shootings at Kent State University and subsequent student demonstrations[40]The Scranton Commission would release its report on September 26[41]
- On the same day,Kent State Universityreopened its campus for the first time since the May 4 shootings so that 1,200 of the 1,900 graduates of the class of 1970 could receive their diplomas.[42][43]The rest of the semester had been canceled after the deaths of four students. Under heavy security, the event was closed to everyone except for the 6,000 people invited, and state, city and campus police blocked all entrances to the campus to turn away anyone else. University President Robert I. White gave the commencement address, and all speakers were university employees.
- "The Long and Winding Road"becamethe Beatles' 20th and final single to reach number one on the U.S.Billboard Hot 100chart in the magazine's June 13 rankings. Billboard's magazine and Top 40 had been released on June 6.[44]The song would stay a second week at #1[45]before dropping to #4[46]and moving back down the charts.[47]During their six-year recording career, the Beatles had averaged one #1 hit single every 3.7 months.
- Born:
- Mikael Ljungberg,Swedish Greco-Roman wrestler, 2000 Olympic gold medalist and 1993 and 1995 world champion (committed suicide, 2004)
- Coko(stage name for Cheryl Gamble, American R & B and gospel artist, lead singer ofSisters With Voices;inThe Bronx, New York
- Rivers Cuomo,American rock musician, lead vocalist forWeezer;inManhattan,New York City
- Died:Gonzalo Roig,79, Cuban musician, founder of the Cuban National Opera and co-founder of the Havana Symphony Orchestra
June 14, 1970 (Sunday)
[edit]- Elections were held in the Soviet Unionfor the 767 member lower house (theSoviet of the Union) and the 750 member upper house (theSoviet of Nationalities). TASS, the Soviet news agency, reported a 99.92% turnout, with fewer than 65,000 of the 153 million eligible voters failing to appear[48]The 1,517 candidates were all unopposed, and the only choice for voters was to vote yes or no. TASS praised the turnout as "vividly showing the unshakable unity of the Party and the people, a new victory of the bloc of Communists and non-party people."
- Died:Roman Ingarden,77, Polish philosopher
June 15, 1970 (Monday)
[edit]- Twelve dissidents made an unsuccessful attemptto escape from the Soviet Union in a scheme to hijack an airliner[49]A report made six days later said that the 12 people were planning to board an Aeroflot plane fromSmolny,which had a small airport nearLeningrad.The group, Jewish residents who had been denied the right to emigrate from the U.S.S.R., had purchased tickets for all the seats on a scheduled flight toPriozerskin the Karelia region near the border withFinland.However, security police detained the group before they could board the plane. Mark Dymshits, a former Soviet Air Force pilot, had been prepared to fly theAntonov An-2biplanetoSwedenafter making the two airplane's crew leave, and dissident writerEduard Kuznetsovwas the chief organizer of the plot. Dymshits and Kuznetsov would initially be sentenced to death, though their punishments would be reduced to 15 years in prison after international protests. The rest of the group received sentences ranging from four to 15 years.
- The first criminal trial of followers ofCharles Manson,for the 1969murders of actress Sharon Tate and six other people,opened against Manson and co-defendantsPatricia Krenwinkel,Leslie Van HoutenandSusan Atkins.Trial would last for seven months, with guilty verdicts returned against all four defendants on January 25, 1971.
- TheLand of Oz,an Americantheme parkbased on theWizard of Ozbook series and film,opened atBeech Mountain, North Carolina.It would suffer serious damage from a fire in 1975, and close in 1980, but still reopens periodically for special events[50]
- OnSoyuz 9,CosmonautsAndrian NikolayevandVitaly Sevastyanovbroke the record for a stay in outer space by human beings at 14:35 UTC, surpassing the 13 days, 18 hours and 35 minutes mark set in 1965 by American astronautsFrank BormanandJim LovellonGemini 7[51]
- Born:Leah Remini,American TV actress; inBrooklyn,New York City
- Died:SirJohn Noble Kennedy,76, British Army officer, colonialGovernor of Southern Rhodesiafrom 1947 to 1953
June 16, 1970 (Tuesday)
[edit]- The leftist terrorist group Ação Libertadora Nacional releasedWest Germany's ambassador to Brazil,Ehrenfried von Holleben, the day after the Brazilian government freed 40 political prisoners and five days after von Holleben had been kidnapped. Under the terms of the ransom, von Holleben would be freed only after the group received confirmation that the prisoners had landed safely inAlgeria.[52]Von Holleben, who was released unharmed the next day, had been kidnapped on June 11 by the leftist.[53]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/PhilMickelsonTPC18thTee.jpg/100px-PhilMickelsonTPC18thTee.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Brian_Piccolo_1967.jpg/100px-Brian_Piccolo_1967.jpg)
- Structural engineerKenneth A. Gibsonoverwhelmingly defeated incumbentHugh J. Addonizioin the race forMayorofNewark, New Jersey,becoming the first African-American to be elected as mayor of major east coast American city.[54]Newark, at the time, had a population of almost 382,000 people. A few weeks after his July 1 departure from office, Adonizzio, already under criminal indictment at the time of the election, was found guilty of extortion in a jury trial and sentenced to 10 years in federal prison.
- Born:Phil Mickelson,American professional golfer, three-time winner of the Masters, as well as one PGA championship and the British Open; inSan Diego
- Died:
- Brian Piccolo,26, American NFL running back from 1965 to 1969, from cancer. Piccolo attained greater fame posthumously as the subject of the filmBrian's Song
- Charles P. McCormick,74, American businessman who built the spice manufacturerMcCormick & Companyinto a multi-billion dollar international conglomerate
- Heino Eller,83, Estonian-Soviet classical music composer
June 17, 1970 (Wednesday)
[edit]- After protests by top-ranking Soviet scientists, the Soviet Union released geneticistZhores Medvedevfrom confinement at theKalugapsychiatric hospital, where he had been held as an alternative to imprisonment for his criticisms of the Soviet and Communist system.[55]Medvedev had been arrested by the KGB on May 29 and then, in accordance with a Soviet practice at the time for prominent dissidents, sent to an insane asylum. His arrest had angered his fellow scientists to the extent that even highly decorated Soviets such asAndrei SakharovandPyotr Kapitsajoined authorAlexander Solzhenitsynin denouncing the Kremlin.
- A bill to lower the voting age for Americans from 21 to 18 passed Congress after the U.S. House of Representatives voted, 272 to 132, to join the U.S. Senate in amending theVoting Rights Act of 1965,effective January 1.[56]Nixon signed the bill into law on June 22, but the relevant part of the amendment would be declared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court on December 21 in the case ofOregon v. Mitchell,in a finding that the federal government could only regulate national elections. The 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution would be ratified a little more than a year later in 1971 to lower the voting age in all elections.
- InDallas,a three-judge panel of theUnited States District Court for the Northern District of Texasruled unanimously inRoe v. Wadethat the Texas law prohibitingabortionof any pregnancy (unless the mother's life was in danger) violated the Ninth Amendment of the United States Constitution. By that time,Norma McCorvey(identified in the caption as "Jane Roe" to protect her privacy) had already given birth and the child was adopted by another family. The U.S. Supreme Court decision inRoe v. Wadeon January 22, 1973, would provide the right to an abortion nationwide.
- The residents of a trailer court inClackamas Countyvoted, 49 to 10, to incorporate as the city ofJohnson City, Oregon.[57]With an area of about 45 acres (18 ha), the town now has about 570 residents.
- Born:Will Forte,American comedian and actor; as Orville Willis Forte IV inMoraga, California
- Died:James H. Fields,49, AmericanMedal of Honorrecipient
June 18, 1970 (Thursday)
[edit]- In a surprise upset, voters in the United Kingdomgave the UK'sEdward Heathand theConservative Partya majority in theHouse of Commons,ending the leadership of the government by Prime MinisterHarold Wilsonand the rule by theLabour Partyafter nearly six years.[58]Most opinion polls had predicted a third successive Labour win.[59]The Labour Party had been so heavily favored[60]that British bookmakers had set odds of 7 to 2 against the Conservatives winning control of Commons[61]The Tories won 330 of the 630 seats in the Commons, gaining 77 while Labour lost 75 to win only 288 seats. Before the election, Labour had a 364 to 253 majority.
- Muhammad Bassiri,theSahrawileader of the fight for independence of theSpanish SaharafromSpain,was arrested by Spanish police and not seen again in public. Testimony from three Sahrawi witnesses later indicated that Bassiri was executed on July 29.
- Argentine Army Brigadier General Roberto M. Livingston was sworn in as the newPresident of Argentina,four days after being appointed by the three-man junta that had overthrown President Juan Carlos Ongania.[62]
June 19, 1970 (Friday)
[edit]- ThePatent Cooperation Treatywas signed at Washington, DC, by representatives of 46 nations.[63]It would enter into force asinternational lawon January 24, 1978, providing a unified procedure for filingpatent applicationsto protect inventions.
- Soyuz 9returned to Earth at 6:59 p.m. local time (1259 UTC) at a site in theKazakh SSR47 miles (76 km) west ofKaraganda.Cosmonauts Nikolayev and Sevastyanov returned after a then-record 17 days, 16 hours and 59 minutes in outer space[64]
- Seven construction workers inAlbert City, Iowa,were killed in the sudden collapse of a 130 ft (40 m) tall grain silo while they were pouring concrete to cover the steel structure. When the 12-man crew was almost done, the roof suddenly collapsed, sending eight of the men falling the equivalent of ninestoriesto the ground.[65]The eighth victim was seriously injured.
- The first, and only championship of the seven-team International Bo xing League (IBL), was won by the New York Jolts over the Chicago Clippers, 46 to 24, in Chicago[66]The IBL scoring format was based on seven three-minute bouts at various weight classes, with points awarded for each round (one for a draw, two for a win) and four points for winning the bout.[67]
- Born:
- Brian Welch,American musician, guitarist of Korn; inHarbor City, Los Angeles, California
- Quincy Watts,American track athlete and 1992 Olympic gold medalist; inDetroit
- Thomas Oelsner,Germanparalympic Nordic skiinggold medalist in 1994 and 1998
June 20, 1970 (Saturday)
[edit]- Dave Kunstand his brother John Kunst, along with a supply-carrying pack mule named "Willie Makeit", set off on foot fromWaseca, Minnesotain an attempt to become the first people to walk around the world.[68]John would be killed, and Dave would be wounded, by bandits while traveling through Afghanistan in 1972. After recovering from his injuries, Dave resumed the journey in 1973 from the spot where his travels had stopped and, on October 5, 1974,[69]would complete the first verified "circumnavigation by foot" (he flew on commercial airlines to cross bodies of water), calculated to have been 14,452 miles (23,258 km).
- Born:
- Athol Williams,South African poet and philosopher; inLansdowne, Western Cape
- Russell Garcia,British and English field hockey player and coach; inPortsmouth
June 21, 1970 (Sunday)
[edit]![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Carlos_Alberto_%281970%29.jpg/100px-Carlos_Alberto_%281970%29.jpg)
- BrazildefeatedItaly,4–1, to win the1970 FIFA World Cupbefore a crowd of 112,000 in Mexico City's Azteca Stadium.[70]Both nation's teams had won the World Cup twice— Brazil in 1958 and 1962, and Italy in 1934 and 1938, so theJules Rimet Trophy,to be awarded permanently to the first three-time winner, was at stake.
- In the largest U.S. corporate bankruptcy, up to that date, thePenn CentralRailroad filed a petition for Section 77bankruptcy.[71]The board of directors of Penn Central voted to file the petition after President Nixon withdrew a plan for a $200,000,000 guaranteed loan to the nation's largest railroad company in the face of opposition from Congress. U.S. District JudgeWilliam Kraft, Jr.signed the order on the petition at his Philadelphia home at 5:35 in the afternoon, allowing the petition but permitting Penn Central to continue operating its scheduled rail service until bankruptcy trustees could be appointed.
- FourFranciscanfriars who had been burned at the stake on orders of the Muslim Caliph of Jerusalem on November 14,1391inJerusalem—Nicholas Tavelic,Deodatus of Aquitaine, Peter of Narbonne and Stephen of Cuneo— werecanonizedasSaintsof theRoman Catholic ChurchbyPope Paul VI[72]Tavelic was the firstCroatiansaint in Roman Catholicism.[73]
- Ecuador's President,José María Velasco Ibarra,carried out anautogolpetwo years into his elected term, dismissing the South American nation's legislature and supreme court, and assuming dictatorial powers.[74]Ecuador's military leaders, who had supported the suspension of government, would remove him in a coup d'etat before the scheduled end of his term in 1972.
- Died:Sukarno,69, the firstPresident of Indonesia,from 1945 until being deposed and arrested in 1967. Sukarno, who reportedly had five of his wives by his bedside, was allowed to lay in state after his death, and tens of thousands of Indonesians passed by his body "for a last look at the once-fiery little man who led them to independence."[75]
June 22, 1970 (Monday)
[edit]- TheUnited States Supreme Courtruled, 7 to 1, that thejuryin a criminal trial no longer required the traditional 12 members, a custom that had dated to 14th Century England.[76]In the majority opinion that declared Florida's proposal for a six-member jury to be acceptable under the U.S. Constitution, Justice Byron R. White wrote "The fact that the jury at common law was composed of precisely 12 is an historical accident, unnecessary to effect the purposes of the jury system and wholly without significance except to mystics." White also wrote that a state could set any number for a jury (besides 6 or 12) as long as the accused received the "common-sense judgment of a group of laymen".
- Died:Frank J. Wilson,82, Chief of the United States Secret Service, 1936 to 1947
June 23, 1970 (Tuesday)
[edit]- Prince Charles,heir apparent to the throne of theUnited Kingdom,received a Bachelor of Arts degree fromTrinity College, Cambridge,becoming the first future British monarch to obtain a college diploma.[77]The heir to the throne had been criticized as being unqualified to be accepted into Cambridge University, an institution with the highest academic standards, and surprised his detractors by earning a second-class division one degree[78]
- Born:Zen Gesner,American TV actor known for the title role inThe Adventures of Sinbad;inVan Nuys, California
- Died:
- Roscoe Turner,74, American aviator and airplane racing champion
- Dang Thuy Tram,27, medic for the North Vietnamese Army and for the Viet Cong whose diary,Last Night I Dreamed of Peace,would be published worldwide 35 years after she was shot during a U.S. Army raid
June 24, 1970 (Wednesday)
[edit]- TheUnited States Senatevoted to repeal theGulf of Tonkin Resolutionthat had supported U.S. intervention in the Vietnam War since 1964.[79]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/TED-Prototyp.jpg/150px-TED-Prototyp.jpg)
- The first videodisc, theTelevision Electronic Disc(TeD), was demonstrated at a press conference inWest BerlinbyTeldec,a joint venture of the West German electronics manufacturerAEG Telefunkenand Britain'sDecca Records.[80]The 20 cm (7.9 in) flexible foil disc was capable of storing roughly five minutes of video programming, and would be upgraded to longer times by the time it went on sale on March 17, 1975.
- The National Communicable Disease Center (NCDC) was renamed theCenter for Disease Controlreturning to the "CDC" abbreviation it had had from its 1946 founding until 1967. In 1992, after assuming its current name, theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention,it retained the CDC abbreviation.
- Born:Glenn Medeiros,American pop music singer and educator; inLihue, Hawaii
- Died:Sawai Man Singh II,57,Maharaja of Jaipurfrom 1922 to 1949, and titular ruler of theJaipurstate from 1949 onward. His son, Lieutenant ColonelBhawani Singh,held the title for 18 months, until December 28, 1971, when the 26th Amendment to India's Constitution abolished all ceremonial rulers of thestates of India
June 25, 1970 (Thursday)
[edit]- Construction began on the firsthigh-speed railsystem in Europe, theFirenze—Roma direttisima.The 254 km (158 mi) line would open on February 24, 1977.
- The first residents moved into theIsraeli settlementofAlon Shvut,the sixth on the occupiedWest Bankterritory captured from Jordan and the largest up to that time. The settlement was built upon land formerly owned by the Palestinian Jordanian village ofKhirbet Beit Zakariyyah.
- Born:
- Pan Lingling,Singaporean film and TV actress; inSingapore
- Roope Latvala,Finnish heavy metal guitarist; inHelsinki
June 26, 1970 (Friday)
[edit]- Kingston Bridgeover theRiver ClydeinGlasgow,now the busiest bridge inEurope,opened to traffic forScotland'sM8 motorway.[81]
- AnAlitaliaDC-8 airliner, with 104 persons on board, was able to make a high speed emergency landing after one of its wings, a fuel tank and an engine were struck by a rocket fired during a clash between Israel and Syria at theGolan Heights.Giorgio Pizzo, the pilot on the flight from Tehran to Damascus, was able to make an emergency landing in Beirut and said that he hadn't realized that the jet had been hit by a rocket and that "When I got on the ground and saw the big hole underneath, then I knew we had a remarkable escape."[82]
- Alexander Dubcek,who had led theCommunist Party of Czechoslovakiaduring its reforms in thePrague Spring,was expelled from the organization by vote of the Party's Central Committee[83]
- Born:
- Chris O'Donnell,American film and TV actor, inWinnetka, Illinois
- Pawel Nastula,Polish judo champion and mixed martial artist, Olympic gold medalist (1996) and world judo championship medalist (1995 and 1997); inWarsaw
- Sean Hayes,American comedian and Emmy-award-winning TV actor; inChicago
- Nick Offerman,American actor and comedian; inJoliet, Illinois
- Paul Thomas Anderson,American filmmaker, inLos Angeles
- Died:Leopoldo Marechal,70, Argentine novelist and poet
June 27, 1970 (Saturday)
[edit]- The firstGay Pridemarch in history took place inChicago,where 150 participants listened to speeches atWashington Square,then proceeded down Chicago Avenue, Michigan Avenue and Randolph Street to arrive at theChicago Civic Center.[84]
- TheInternational Football Association Board(IFAB) voted to change the rules of soccer football, and adopted theshoot-outas a method of determining a winner in a game where the score was tied at the end of regulation time and extra time. Under the adopted rule, each team would be allowed up to five kicks, similar topenalty kicks,and the team with the best of five tries would be awarded the victory.
- Born:
- Yumika Hayashi,Japanese adult video actress, inTokyo(d. 2005)
- Jim Edmonds,American baseball center fielder for 22 seasons; inFullerton, California
June 28, 1970 (Sunday)
[edit]- The day after the Gay Pride march in Chicago, a larger crowd, estimated between 10,000 and 20,000 or more,marched in New York Cityon the first anniversary of theStonewall riots,going along a three-mile march from the Stonewall Inn inGreenwich Village,toCentral Park.[85][86]About 1,200 people inLos Angelesparticipated in a parade onHollywood Boulevard.[87]
- The final baseball game played atForbes FieldinPittsburghattracted 40,918 fans, the second-largest in team history, who watched the Pittsburgh Pirates defeat the Chicago Cubs in both games of a doubleheader, 3–2 and 4–1.[88]In the first game in the park, on June 30, 1909, the Cubs had beaten the Pirates, 3-2.
- While vacationing with his family, 9-year-old Andrew Clark Hecht ofWilliamsville, New York,was scalded to death when he fell off a boardwalk intoCrested Poolin theOld Faithfularea ofYellowstone National Park.8 pounds (3.6 kg) of his partial remains were recovered the following day. Hecht's parents would begin a campaign for safety in United States national parks, and Hecht's father would file awrongful deathlawsuit against theNational Park Service,which was settled out of court for $20,000.[89]
- Born:
- Steve Burton,American soap opera actor onGeneral Hospital;inIndianapolis
- Mike White,American film screenwriter and actor; inPasadena, California
- Charles "The Bull" Shepherd,English boxer and former worldsuper featherweightbo xing champion; inBurnley,Lancashire
June 29, 1970 (Monday)
[edit]- U.S. ground troops withdrew fromCambodiaafter two months. In all, 339 U.S. servicemen were killed in Cambodia during the unpopular 61-day incursion from South Vietnam.[90]
- InJersey City, New Jersey,former world heavyweight bo xing championSonny Listoncame back from a defeat and defeatedChuck Wepnerwhen the referee stopped the bout because Wepner was severely bleeding.[91]The victory would prove to be Liston's last fight, and he was found dead in his home a little more than six months later. Wepner, nicknamed "The Bayonne Bleeder" for his hometown ofBayonne, New Jersey,and his determination to keep fighting even after being cut, required more than 100 stitches to his face, and would later lose in a memorable bout in 1975 with world heavyweight bo xing championMuhammad Ali.[92]
- Died:
- Günther Messner,34, Italian mountaineer, disappeared in thePakistanHimalayanmountain range while descendingNanga Parbat,the ninth highest mountain in the world at 26,660 feet (8,130 m). Messner's remains would be located 35 years later, in 2005.[93]
- Caroline Thorpe,32, wife of British Liberal Party leaderJeremy Thorpe,was killed when the car she was driving collided with a truck atBasingstoke.[94]Mrs. Thorpe had been driving from the couple's home inNorth Devonto join her husband and their son inLondon.
June 30, 1970 (Tuesday)
[edit]- Delegates to theLutheran Church in America(LCA) convention approved a resolution allowing women to be ordained as ministers. The proposal was approved overwhelmingly by voice vote at the annual meeting inMinneapolisof the LCA, the largest of the three major Lutheran denominations in the United States[95]
- Riverfront Stadiumopened inCincinnatias a dual-purpose stadium for theCincinnati Redsbaseball team and theCincinnati BengalsNFL team. In the inaugural event, the Reds lost to the Atlanta Braves, 8 to 2. Six days earlier, the Reds had played their final game atCrosley Field,a 5 to 4 win over the San Francisco Giants.
- Born:Leonardo Sbaraglia,Argentine-born Spanish film actor; inBuenos Aires
- Died:Arthur Leslie(stage name for Arthur L.S. Broughton), 70, British actor and playwright
References
[edit]- ^"2 Men Orbited In First Soviet Shot Since Oct.",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 2, 1970, p1
- ^"Artificial Gene Is Created in Lab",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 3, 1970, p1
- ^Phillips confirms discovery of major oil fields ", by Victor Keegan,The Guardian,June 3, 1970, p12 (London)
- ^"Major oilfield discovered between Scotland, Norway",Montreal Gazette,June 3, 1970, p26
- ^"Bruce McLaren Killed In Crash At 180 MPH",St. Louis Post-Dispatch,June 2, 1970, p9
- ^"Cambodian Objectives Achieved, Nixon Says",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 4, 1970, p1
- ^"Tonga's Free; All 100 of Its Army Marches",Chicago Tribune,June 5, 1970, p5
- ^"HIJACKER DEMANDS $100 MILLION CASH— Jetliner Started Flight In Phoenix",Tucson (AZ) Daily Citizen,June 4, 1970, p1
- ^"Wounded Hijacker Is Captured",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 5, 1970, p1
- ^"Skyjacker Ruled Insane",Daily News(New York), November 17, 1971, p102
- ^"Supplementary Detailed Staff Reports on Intelligence Activities and the Rights of Americans",Report of the U.S. Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities,April 14, 1976 (U.S. Government Printing Office, 1976) p. 953
- ^"President Nixon Withdraws Approval of Huston Plan For Spying, Illegal Actions Against Americans",by Samule Walker, fromToday in Civil Liberties History
- ^"Nixon Aides Planned CIA Spying in U.S.",Atlanta Constitution,May 22, 1973, p1
- ^"Paintings Stolen In Three-Man Ruse",The Courier-Journal,June 7, 1970, p2
- ^"£155,000 art theft",The Observer(London)
- ^"Stolen Masterpieces Worth $50M Found in Auto Worker's Home", by Clark Bentson, ABC News (U.S.), April 2, 2014
- ^"Pensioner allowed to keep stolen $50M Gauguin",Windsor Star,December 13, 2014, pA18
- ^"The Who and 'Tommy' Rock the Met",by McCandlish Phillips,The New York Times,June 8, 1970, p42
- ^"Swiss Vote Is Heavy Against Alien Ouster",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 8, 1970, p2
- ^"Voters Reject Plan for New German State",Chicago Tribune,June 8, 1970, p3-10
- ^"Rookie Sets 3 PBA Records In Seattle Victory",Indianapolis News,June 8, 1970, p28
- ^"Argentina's Chief Ousted By Military— Ongania Gives Resignation To Heads of Junta",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 9, 1970, p2
- ^"Junta Picks New Leader Of Argentina",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 15, 1970, p4
- ^"Maniac from the Soviet past",by Valery Erofeev,Volzhskaya Kommuna,September 24, 2010 (Russian language
- ^"'Night Creature': Serebryakov in Kuibyshev (1969-1970)",by Oleg Ivanets, inIvanetsOleg Live Journal(Russian language)
- ^"Blackmun Takes Seat on Top Court",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 10, 1970, p2
- ^"Two Women Generals First in Army History",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 12, 1970, p2
- ^"Wheelus Fades Away Amid Cheers",Binghamton (NY) Evening Press,June 11, 1970, p1
- ^"114 Villagers Feared Killed By Viet Cong",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 12, 1970, p1
- ^"19th Amendment By State",U.S. National Park Service
- ^"Kerensky, Ex-Ruler Of Russia, Dies— Anti-Red Exile Passes Away In New York",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 12, 1970, p4
- ^"Frank Silvera, Actor-Director, Electrocuted in Coast Mishap",The New York Times,June 12, 1970
- ^"Metric Conversion Act 1970",Federal Register of Legislation,Australian Government website
- ^Enerhodar— Home to an Impressive Nuclear Power Plant ",Ukraine
- ^"Ellis Fires No-Hitter Against Padres, 2-0", by Charley Feeney,Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 13, 1970, p10
- ^"Ellis: I pitched no-hitter on LSD", by Bob Smizik,Pittsburgh Press,April 8, 1984, pD-1
- ^"Did Dock Ellis Pitch a No-Hitter on LSD?",by David Mikkelson, Snopes, June 9, 2003
- ^Mulvoy, Mark (August 10, 1970)."Plain Words at Westchester".Sports Illustrated.p. 12.
- ^"MoraBanc Andorra",Asociacion de Clubs de Baloncesto website
- ^"Nixon names 5 whites, 4 black to investigate campus unrest",Arizona Republic(Phoenix), June 14, 1970, p1
- ^“President’s Panel Warns Split on Youth Perils U.S.,”The New York Times,September 27, 1970, p1
- ^"Kent State Revisited — in Peace", by George Cantor,Detroit Free Press,June 14, 1970, p1
- ^"1,200 Given Degrees at Kent U. Ceremony",Chicago Tribune,June 14, 1970, p7 (the other 700 graduates had their diplomas mailed to them)
- ^"Beatles Back on Top",Albuquerque (NM) Journal,June 8, 1970, p12
- ^"British Lead U.S. Charts",Albuquerque (NM) Journal,June 15, 1970, p8
- ^"The Tops In Pops",Palm Beach (FL) Post,June 21, 1970, pD13
- ^Philippe Margotin, Jean-Michel Guesdon,All The Songs: The Story Behind Every Beatles Release(Running Press, 2014)
- ^"Red Voting Gets 99.9% Turnout",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 16, 1970, p1
- ^"Soviets Foil Plane Hijack, 12 Arrested",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 22, 1970, p2
- ^"Why North Carolina's 'Land of Oz' Theme Park Closed, and Why It's Reopening",WFMY-TV (Greensboro NC), May 27, 2019
- ^"Cosmonauts Set New Space-Time Record— Soyuz 9 Passes Gemini 7",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 16, 1970, p1.
- ^"Brazil's 40 Prisoners Are Freed",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 16, 1970, p2
- ^"Kidnappers Free Pale, Tired West German Ambassador",El Paso (TX) Times,June 17, 1970, p1
- ^"Negro Elected Mayor of Newark",Wilkes-Barre (PA) Record,June 17, 1970, p1
- ^"Russians Free Scientist",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 18, 1970, p5
- ^"18-Year Olds' Vote Bill OKd, Sent to Nixon",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 18, 1970, p1
- ^"Trailer Court Votes 49–10 to become 'Johnson City'",The Oregonian(Portland OR), June 17, 1970
- ^"Wilson Appears Out As Britain's Leader— Tories' Upsets Putting Heath in Command",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 19, 1970, p1
- ^"Shock election win for Heath".On This Day.BBC. 2016-06-19.Retrieved2016-04-10.
- ^"Could Be Landslide— Big Labor Win Looms in Britain",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 15, 1970, p2
- ^"Labor Party Odds Kill Off British Election Betting",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 11, 1970, p1
- ^"Junta Makes Obscure General Argentine Chief",Courier-Journal & Times(Louisville KY), June 14, 1970, pA2
- ^"Nations to Sign Patent Treaty",Des Moines (IA) Register,June 19, 1970, p7
- ^"Soviet Cosmonauts End Record Flight",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 20, 1970, p1
- ^"7 Killed in Iowa Silo Collapse",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 20, 1970, p1
- ^"New York Jolts Chicago, Wins Bo xing Crown",Detroit Free Press,June 21, 1970, p6-D
- ^"Saints Win One Bout In Denver",St. Louis Post-Dispatch,November 21, 1969, p4B
- ^"2 on Around World Walk",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 22, 1970, p9
- ^"Native son gets a hero's welcome after all",Minneapolis Star Tribune,October 6, 1974, p1
- ^"Brazil Tops Italy For World Cup Title, 4-1",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 22, 1970, p24
- ^"PENN CENTRAL BANKRUPT— Action Is Filed Sunday After Congress Balks At U.S. Guaranteed Loan",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 22, 1970, p1
- ^"Martyrs Become Catholic Saints", UPI report inSanta Maria (CA) Times,June 22, 1970, p1
- ^"Pope Canonizes 1st Croat Saint",Philadelphia Inquirer,June 22, 1970, p19
- ^"Ecuador President Seizes All Power",Orlando Evening Star,June 22, 1970, p1
- ^"Sukarno Dead at 69",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 22, 1970, p2
- ^"High Court OKs Smaller Juries— 12 Men Not Necessary",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 23, 1970, p2
- ^"Charles Earns Degree, Honors",Fort Lauderdale (FL) News,June 23, 1970, p3D
- ^"Critics Confounded By Prince Charles",Elmira (NY) Star-Gazette,June 23, 1970, p1
- ^"Senate Repeals Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 81-10",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 25, 1970, p1
- ^"Sound, picture combined on disc",The Times(London) report inMason City (IA) Iowa Globe-Gazette,June 25, 1970, p2
- ^"Queen Mother given rousing welcome at opening of bridge",The Glasgow Herald,June 27, 1970, p1
- ^"Airliner Is Blasted, Lands OK",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 27, 1970, p2
- ^"Dubcek Expelled By Czech Party",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,June 27, 1970, p2
- ^"Gay Liberation Stages March to Civic Center" ],Chicago Tribune,June 28, 1970, p1A-3
- ^Fosburgh, Lacey(June 29, 1970)."Thousands of Homosexuals Hold A Protest Rally in Central Park".The New York Times.p. 1.
- ^"10,000 Gay Folk Stage a Parade".New York Daily News.June 29, 1970. p. 10.
- ^"Gay Groups Parade In Quest For Sex Equality".Fresno Bee.Fresno, California.June 29, 1970. p. 8-B.
- ^"Pirates Close Forbes Field With Two Wins".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.June 28, 1970. p. 1.
- ^Whittlesey, Lee H. (2014).Death in Yellowstone: Accidents and Foolhardiness in the First National Park.Roberts Rinehart Publishers.pp. 19–23.ISBN9781570984518.
- ^"Reds Pour It On As Last GI Units Leave Cambodia".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.June 29, 1970. p. 1.
- ^"Liston TKOs Wepner In Comeback".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.June 29, 1970. p. 12.
- ^McNair, Deion (June 29, 2011)."Bo xing KO of the Day: Sonny Liston vs. Chuck Wepner".BleacherReport.
- ^Harding, Luke(October 21, 2005)."DNA resolves climbing mystery after 30 years".The Guardian.London.
- ^"English Politico's Wife Killed in Auto Crash".Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.June 30, 1970. p. 1.
- ^"Women Get Lutheran OK",Pittsburgh Post-Gazette,July 1, 1970, p2