Katagans

TheKatagansare amedievalMongoltribe related toGenghis Khan.In the period of Mongol conquest and assimilation with enslaved byTurkic tribesplayed its role in the ethnogenesis of modernKazakhs,Kyrgyz,Karakalpaks,Uzbeks,Buryats,Uyghursand others.

Origins

The Katagan (Hatagin)Mongoltribe is said to originate from Buha-Hatagi – the eldest son of Mongol motherAlan Gua.The Katagan tribe came toTransoxaniatogether with the son of Genghis Khan,Chagatay,and played a significant role in the political history andethnogenesisof many modernTurkic peoples.

The Katagans are referred to in the works ofRashid ad Din,namely in his historicalethnographicworkJami' al-tawarikhwritten in the early 14th century.

According toThe Secret History of the Mongols,the origin of Katagans is the following:

• Borte-Chino, born by the order of the Higher Heaver. His wife was Gia-Maral and they descent being Bata-Chigan.
• The son of Bata-Chigan – Timacha
• The son of Timacha – Horichar-Mergan
• The son of Horichar-Mergan – Auchjam-Boroul
• The son Auchjam-Boroula – Sali-Hachau
• The son of Sali -Hachau – Eke-Nidun
• The son of Eke-Nidun – Sim-Sochi
• The son of Sim-Sochi – Harchu
• The son of Harchu – Bordjigadai-Mergan was married to Mongolchin-goa
• The son of Mongolchin-goa – Torolchin-Bayan was married to Borohchin-goa
• The son of Torolchin: Duva-Sohor and Dobun-Mergan
• Dobun-Mergan married Alan-goa, the son Hori-Tumat Horilartay-Mergan, born in Arih-usune. They had two sons: Bugunotai and Belguntonai
• After the death of Dobun-Mergana, widowed Alan-goa bore three sons from Maalih Bayaudaisa: Bugu-Hadagi, Buhatu-Salchi and Bodonchar-Prostak.
• Belguntai became the forefather of the Belgunot tribe
• Bugunotai became the forefather of the Bugunot tribe
• Bugu-Hatagi became the forefather of the Katagans
• Buhutu-Salchi became the forefather of the Salchuyit tribe
• Bodonchar became the forefather of the Borchigin generation – the origin ofGenghis Khan

Katagans as part of the Uzbeks

Some sources speak of the Katagans as being part of theUzbektribes in the mid-16th century.The Katagans are mentioned in the lists of 92 Uzbek tribes.

Muhammad Yar Arab Katagan, a famous descendant of the Uzbek Katagan tribe, was a 16th-century historian and the author ofMusahhir al-bilad('The conquest of lands') in Persian on the history of theShaybanids. Uzbek Katagans used to live in the territories ofHorzem,Tashkent,Surhandaryinsk, and Kashkadayin regions and in theFergana RegionofUzbekistan.The Katagans used to live in the territories ofTajikistanandAfghanistanas well. According to the 2010 census inTajikistan,there were 7601 Katagans living there. According to historical data, in the 1640s, the Katagans were one of the strong tribes living in Balha and partly inKunduz,Afghanistan. During the Ashtarhanid era, the Balha region was given to the Katagans as a nomad camp. At the same time, the Katagans formed a strong political alliance.In the beginning of the 17th century during the reign of Muhmudbyi, Balh andBadakhshanbecame known as the land of the Katagans.

In the 19th century, numerous Uzbek Katagans lived in Kunduz, Afghanistan. Katagans in Kunduz and Tash-kurgan were considered to be the descendants of 16 sons, each of whom was descended from separate clans. Five sons were from one mother – the Besh Bola group. The other 11 sons were from a different mother – the Chegun group. Besh Bola was divided into the following clans: Kesamir, Djung, Katagan, Luhan, Tas, Munas. The Munas were divided into Chuchugar, Chechka, Yugul, Sirug, Temuz, Burka, Berdja. The Chegun consisted of Murad, Basuz, Ssiri Katagan, Churag, Djuduba, Katagan Kurasi, Murad Shaih, Adjigun, Kin, Kudagun, and Semiz.

The Uzbek Katagans of southern Uzbekistan speak the Kipchak and Karluk-Chigil dialects of theUzbek language,which is evidenced by ethnolinguistic research. The Tohchi Katagans that used to live in the Surhan-Sherabad oasis speak the Karluk-Chigil dialect of with "yi" later, such asTurksandKarluks.

Katagans as part of the Kazakhs

According toMukhamedzhan Tynyshpaev,the Katagans made Tursunkhan,the ruler of Tashkent, the major power ofKazakh Khan,who was defeated in war in 1628 by another Kazakh Khan Esim. Afterwards, the numerous and powerful Katagan tribe split into several: one part which kept the title Shanshykyly became part of the Kazakhs ElderZhuz;other parts of Katagan became part of the Uzbeks, Karakalpaks and Kyrgyzs.

According to Abu-k-Gazi-bahadur-khan in "Shadjara-yi va mogul", the Kazakh Katagans were destroyed in 1628 with the assassination of khan Tursun-Muhammed. The ease of their destruction is explained by the fact that most of the tribe left for Kashgariya at the end of the 16th century, the time of Yarkend Abd ak-Karim khan's rule. They thus became few in number and very vulnerable. The Katagans who migrated to Kashgariya were headed by Sultan Gazi-sultan, who was given the Kargarlyk land by the khan of Yardkend. His descendants held state positions later on, and the Katagans assimilated with the localUyghurs.

From Tynyshpaev's work "Kyrgyz-kazakhs of XVII and XVIII centuries" (addition to materials about the history of the Kyrgyz-Kazakh people):

In 1627, the historian Abulgazy Bogadurkhan fledKhivafrom his brother Asfendiar and was received by Yesim, who lived in the mountains of Turkestan. Three months later, another Kazakh khan, Tursun, who owned Tashkent, arrived. Yesum handed an honorary refugee over to Tursun, with whom Abulgazy moved to Tashkent. Further, Abulgazy reports that two years later Yesim attacked Tursun and "killed him and killed the Katagans".

Traditions that have survived among the clan of the Chanshchk in the Tashkent district state that their khan was once Tursun, who was killed by Yesim. After that, most of the Katagans fled toBukhara,and the remaining ones began to be named after the branch of the Chanshkl Katagans.

Chokan Valikhanov,speaking about the Elder Zhuz of Kazakh, notes:

Katagans are the most ancient people living in the south of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. At the beginning of the 17th century. they formed the main support force of the ruler of Tashkent – Tursun-khan, and in the middle of the 17th century, part of them became part of the Uzbek people, and the other part was part of the Kazakh Chaniishki tribe.

Sources

• Rashididdin.Collection of annals. M.; L., 1952. T. 1-2. Book. 1-2.
• Abu-l Ghazi Bahadurhan.Shazharayi Turk. Tashkent, 1992.
• Burkhaniddin Khan of Kushkek.Kattagan and Badakhshan / translated from Persian. Tashkent, 1926.
• GrebenkinAD Uzbeks: Collected Works, Vol. "Russian Turkestan". Issue. 2. Tashkent, 1872.
• Materials on the regionalization of Central Asia.Book. 1, 2. The territory and population of Bukhara and Khorezm. Part 1. Bukhara. Part 2. Khorezm. Tashkent, 1926.
• Karmysheva B. Kh.Essays on the ethnic history of the southern regions of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. M., 1976.
• Valikhanov Ch.Legends and tales of the Great Kirghiz-Kaisatsky Horde: Alma-Ata, 1961. Vol. 1.
• Aristov N.A.Experience of elucidating the ethnic composition of the Kirghiz Cossacks of the great Horde // Living Antiquity. Issue. 3, 4. 1894. P. 405.
• Ghazi Alim.Katagans from the Uzbek tribes and their language // Ilmiy Fikr. 1930. № 1.
• Tynyshpaev M.Materials on the history of the Kirghiz-Kazakh people. Tashkent, 1925