Korma

Not to be confused withKarma,a town in Belarus also spelled Korma, orkarma.

Korma

Chicken korma
Place of origin	Indian subcontinent
Associatedcuisine	India,Bangladesh,Pakistan,Afghanistan
Main ingredients	meat,yogurt
Media: Korma

Kormaorqorma(Urdu:قورمہ;Hindi:क़ोरमा;Bengali:কোরমা;Persian:قرما) is a dish with its origin in theIndian subcontinent,consisting of meat or vegetablesbraisedwithyogurt,water or stock, and spices to produce a thick sauce orgravy.

Etymology

The English name is an anglicisation of theHindi-Urduqormā(क़ोरमा, قورمہ), meaning "braise".It refers to the cooking technique used in the dish.All these words, and the names of dishes such as theIranianghormeh(Persian:قورمه),TurkishKavurmaand theAzerbaijaniqovurmaorkavarma,are ultimately derived from aTurkicwordqawirma,meaning "[a] fried thing".The Indian korma is, however, possibly unrelated in a culinary sense to the modern Turkishkavurmaor to some other dishes using the same root word, as they use widely varying techniques and ingredients.

History

Korma has its roots in theMughlai cuisineof theIndian subcontinent.A characteristicMughaldish, it can be traced back to the 16th century and to the Mughal expansion into South Asia. Kormas were often prepared in the Mughal court kitchens, such as the famous white korma, perhaps garnished withvark,was said to have been served toShah Jahanand his guests at the inauguration of theTaj Mahal.

Classically, a korma is defined as a dish where meat or vegetables are braised with yogurt or stock. The technique covers many different styles of korma. The flavour of a korma is based on the mixture of spices, including groundcorianderandcumin,combined with yogurt kept belowcurdlingtemperature and incorporated slowly and carefully with the meat juices. Traditionally, this would have been carried out in a pot set over a very low fire, withcharcoalon the lid to provide all-round heat. A korma can be mildly spiced or fiery and may uselamb,goat meat,chicken,beefor game; some kormas combine meat and vegetables, such asspinachandturnip.The termshahi(English:royal), used for some kormas, indicates its status as a prestige dish, rather than an everyday meal, and its association with the court.

Preparation

A chicken korma dish

Potol(pointed gourd) korma

The korma style is similar to otherbraisingtechniques in that the meat or vegetable is first cooked briskly, or seared, using high heat, traditionally withghee,and then subjected to long, slow cooking using moist heat and a minimum of added liquid.The pot may be sealed with dough during the last stages of cooking, using a technique calleddumordampokhtak.

The korma is made using a technique calledbagar.in the later stage of cooking, additional spices are mixed with heatedgheeand then combined with the sauce formed by the braising. The pan is then covered and shaken to release steam and mix the contents.

There is a wide variation between individual korma and other "curry" recipes. Chilli and ginger are often used, but the precise method of preparation results in widely different flavors.Indian bay leavesor driedcoconutmay be added, the latter being a predominantlySouth Indianflavoring.

A kormapilau(pilaf) is a rice and meat dish made with braised meat.

Variations

In the United Kingdom

In the United Kingdom, a typical korma as served in curry houses is a mildly spiced dish with a thick sauce. It often featuresalmonds,cashewsor other nuts, andcoconutor coconut milk. In the 21st century, chicken korma has several times been cited as the most popular curry in the UK, replacingchicken tikka masalain surveys of public eating habits.

Navratan korma

Navratan korma (Mughal kitchen)

Navratan korma is a vegetarian korma made with vegetables and eitherpaneer(an Indian cheese) or nuts – or sometimes both.Navratanmeans "nine gems", and it is common for the recipe to include nine different vegetables.

Eid korma

In some parts of South Asia,kormais used to denote a traditionalEid al-Adha(festival of the sacrifice) dish of lamb, goat, or cow that is braised in minimal or no spices. The flavour comes from the meat and fat of the chosen cuts. It was often done to preserve meats for a short-term period, as the fat layer forms a barrier to help prevent spoilage, similar topotted beef.

In Malaysia

In Malaysia, korma or 'gulai kurma' is traditionally cooked with coconut milk instead of yoghurt among theMalays,as dairy products do not feature heavily in Malay cuisine. Meats used for kurma include chicken, mutton, beef, and deer. It also often contains more vegetables, such as carrots, potatoes, and tomatoes, though this is not a hard-and-fast rule. Some recipes includetamarindas the souring agent, in place of the natural acidity of yoghurt.

See also

• Food portal

External links

• The dictionary definition ofkormaat Wiktionary