Opéra-ballet
Opéra-ballet(French:[ɔ.pe.ʁa.ba.lɛ];plural:opéras-ballets)[1]is a genre ofFrenchBaroquelyric theatre that was most popular during the 18th century,[2]combining elements ofoperaandballet,[3]"that grew out of theballets à entréesof the early seventeenth century ".[4]It differed from the more elevatedtragédie en musiqueas practised byJean-Baptiste Lullyin several ways. It contained more dance music than thetragédie,and the plots were not necessarily derived fromclassical mythologyand allowed for the comic elements, which Lully had excluded from thetragédie en musiqueafterThésée(1675). Theopéra-balletconsisted of a prologue followed by a number of self-contained acts (also known asentrées), often loosely grouped around a single theme. The individual acts could also be performed independently, in which case they were known asactes de ballet.
The first work in the genre is generally held to beAndré Campra'sL'Europe galante( "Europe in Love" ) of 1697,[5]butLes Saisons[6]of 1695 is so typical of the genre, that it is mentioned as the most distinctive prototype of this sort of composition,[4]although the latter has a mythological plot. Famous later examples areLes élémens(1721) byDestouches,Les Indes galantes(1735), andLes fêtes d'Hébé(1739) byJean-Philippe Rameau.
Notes
[edit]- ^Bartlet 1992, p. 683; Anthony 2001; Bellingham 2002; Warrack & West 1992.
- ^Anthony 2001.
- ^Bartlet 1992, p. 683.
- ^abPitou 1983, p. 278 "Opéra-ballet".
- ^Warrack & West, Ewan 1992, p. 520.
- ^Composed byPascal Collasseand byLouis Lully,possibly by also borrowing from the late (that is, Jean-Baptiste) Lully (Pitou 1983, pp. 308–309 "Les Saisons").
References
[edit]- Anthony, James R. (2001). "Opéra-ballet" inThe New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians,2nd edition, edited byStanley Sadie.London: Macmillan.ISBN9781561592395(hardcover).OCLC419285866(eBook). Also atOxford Music Online(subscription required).
- Bartlet, M. Elizabeth C. (1992). "Opéra-ballet", vol. 3, pp. 683–684, inThe New Grove Dictionary of Opera,4 volumes, edited byStanley Sadie.New York: Grove.ISBN9781561592289.Also atOxford Music Online(subscription required).
- Bellingham, Jane (2002). "opéra-ballet", p. 862, inThe Oxford Companion to Music,edited by Alison Latham. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN9780198662129.Also atOxford Music Online(subscription required).
- Pitou, Spire (1983).The Paris Opéra. An Encyclopedia of Operas, Ballets, Composers, and Performers – Genesis and Glory, 1671-1715.Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press.ISBN9780313214202.
- Warrack, John; West, Ewan (1992).The Oxford Dictionary of Opera.Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN9780198691648.
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