Prostatitis
Prostatitis | |
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Other names | Prostatosis |
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Micrographshowing aninflamedprostate gland, thehistologiccorrelate of prostatitis. A normal non-inflamed prostatic gland is seen on the left of the image.H&E stain. | |
Specialty | Urology |
Prostatitisis an umbrella term for a variety of medical conditions that incorporate bacterial and non-bacterial origin illnesses in the pelvic region. In contrast with the plain meaning of the word (which means "inflammation of the prostate" ), the diagnosis may not always includeinflammation.Prostatitis is classified into acute, chronic,asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis,andchronic pelvic pain syndrome.
In theUnited States,prostatitis is diagnosed in 8% of all maleurologistvisits and 1% of allprimary care physicianvisits for male genitourinary symptoms.[1]
Classification
[edit]The termprostatitisrefers to inflammation of the tissue of theprostate gland.It may occur as an appropriate physiological response to an infection, or it may occur in the absence of infection.[2]
In 1999, theNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases(NIDDK) devised a new classification system.[3][4]For more specifics about each type of prostatitis, including information on symptoms, treatment, and prognosis, follow the links to the relevant full articles.
Category | Current name | Old name | Pain | Bacteria | WBCs | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | Acute prostatitis | Acute bacterial prostatitis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Bacterial infection of the prostate gland that requires urgent medical treatment. |
II | Chronic bacterial prostatitis | Chronic bacterial prostatitis | ± | Yes | Yes | A relatively rare condition that usually presents as intermittenturinary tract infections. |
IIIa | Inflammatory CP/CPPS | Nonbacterial prostatitis | Yes | No | Yes | Accounts for 90–95% of prostatitis diagnoses,[5]formerly known aschronic nonbacterial prostatitis'. |
IIIb | Noninflammatory CP/CPPS | Prostatodynia | Yes | No | No | |
IV | Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis | (none) | No | No | Yes | No history of genitourinary pain complaints, butleukocytosisis noted, usually during evaluation for other conditions. Between 6 and 19% of men have pus cells in their semen but no symptoms.[6] |
In 1968, Meares and Stamey determined a classification technique based upon the culturing of bacteria.[7]This classification is no longer used.
The conditions are distinguished by the different presentation of pain,white blood cells(WBCs) in the urine, duration of symptoms andbacteriaculturedfrom the urine. To help express prostatic secretions that may contain WBCs and bacteria,prostate massageis sometimes used.[8]
See also
[edit]- Interstitial cystitis— a related disease
- Granulomatous prostatitis
- IgG4-related prostatitis
- Male accessory gland infection(MAGI)
References
[edit]- ^Collins MM, Stafford RS, O'Leary MP, Barry MJ (1998). "How common is prostatitis? A national survey of physician visits".J. Urol.159(4): 1224–8.doi:10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63564-X.PMID9507840.
- ^Kirby, Roger;Carson, Culley C.(January–February 2015)."Editor's Comment on Diagnosis and treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome".Trends in Urology and Men's Health.6(1): 17.doi:10.1002/tre.434.
- ^Krieger JN, Nyberg L, Nickel JC (July 1999). "NIH consensus definition and classification of prostatitis".JAMA.282(3): 236–7.doi:10.1001/jama.282.3.236.PMID10422990.
- ^J. Curtis Nickel (1999).Textbook of prostatitis.Taylor & Francis. pp. 27–.ISBN978-1-901865-04-2.Retrieved18 April2010.
- ^Habermacher GM, Chason JT, Schaeffer AJ (2006). "Prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome".Annu. Rev. Med.57:195–206.doi:10.1146/annurev.med.57.011205.135654.PMID16409145.
- ^Korrovits P, Ausmees K, Mändar R, Punab M (June 2008). "Prevalence of asymptomatic inflammatory (National Institutes of Health Category IV) prostatitis in young men according to semen analysis".Urology.71(6): 1010–5.doi:10.1016/j.urology.2007.12.082.PMID18455767.
- ^Meares EM, Stamey TA (March 1968). "Bacteriologic localization patterns in bacterial prostatitis and urethritis".Invest Urol.5(5): 492–518.PMID4870505.
- ^"Prostatitis: Benign Prostate Disease: Merck Manual Professional".Archivedfrom the original on 2011-09-25.Retrieved2011-07-11.