Sister republic

For the French revolutionary government, seerevolutionary republic.

1799 caricature in which thePrussian( "God, how it grows; It's terrifying" ),Russian( "That should be good to eat" ), andAustrian( "Don't touch, my friend, it's poisonous" ) monarchs watch how republics spring up like mushrooms around France, spreading towards other European capitals

Asister republic(French:république sœur,pronounced[ʁepybliksœʁ]) was a republic established by theFrench First Republicor by local revolutionaries during theFrench Revolutionary Wars.These republics, though nominally independent, relied heavily on France forprotection,making them more akin toautonomous territoriesrather than independent states. This became particularly evident after the declaration of theFrench Empire,when several states were annexed, and the remaining turned into monarchies ruled by members of theBonaparte family.

History

TheFrench Revolutionwas a period of social and political upheaval in France from 1789 until 1799. The Republicans who overthrew the monarchy were driven by ideas ofpopular sovereignty,rule of law,andrepresentative democracy.The Republicans borrowed ideas and values fromWhiggismandEnlightenmentphilosophers. The French Republic supported the spread of republican principles in Europe. According to Paul D. Van Wie most of thesesister republicsbecame a means of controlling occupied lands as client regimes through a mix of French and local power.

Sister republics in Italy

• TheSubalpine Republic(1800–1802), annexed by the French Republic
  • ThePiedmontese Republic(1798–1799), conquered by Austro-Russian troops and rendered back to Sardinia, but reconquered byNapoleonin 1800 and renamed the Subalpine Republic (Novara to theItalian Republic)
    • TheRepublic of Alba(1796), reconquered by theKingdom of Sardinia
• TheParthenopean Republic(1799), reconquered by theSanfedistifor theKing of Naples and Sicily
  • TheRepublic of Pescara (1799), reunited with theKingdom of Naples
• TheRoman Republic(1798–1799), ended with the restoration of thePapal States
  • TheAnconine Republic(1797–1798), joined the Roman Republic
  • TheTiberina Republic(1798–1799), joined the Roman Republic
• TheLigurian Republic(1797–1805), annexed by the French Empire
• TheRepublic of Lucca(1799 and 1800–01), later continued (1801–05) under the old oligarchy and replaced by thePrincipality of Lucca and Piombino
• TheItalian Republic(1802–1805), transformed into theKingdom of Italy
  • TheCisalpine Republic(1797–1802), transformed into the Italian Republic
    • TheCispadane Republic(1796–1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
      • TheBolognese Republic(1796), annexed by the Cispadane Republic
    • TheTranspadane Republic(1796–1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
    • TheRepublic of Crema(1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
    • TheRepublic of Bergamo(1797), formed the Cisalpine Republic
    • TheRepublic of Brescia(1797), annexed by the Cisalpine Republic
• TheProvisional Municipality of Venice(1797–1798), annexed by theAustrian Empire

Other sister republics

Map of France and her sister republics in 1798

• TheRepublic of Bouillon(1794–1795)
• TheRepublic of Liège(1789–1791)
• TheRauracian Republic(1792–1793), French revolutionary republic inBasel
• TheLémanique Republic(1798), joined theHelvetic Republic
• TheRepublic of Mainz(1793), French revolutionary republic inRhenish Hesseand theElectoral Palatinate
• TheBatavian Republic(1795–1806)
• TheCisrhenian Republic(1797)
• TheIrish Republic(1798), accompanied GeneralJean Joseph Amable Humbert's Irish expedition in support of theIrish Rebellion of 1798
• TheHelvetic Republic(1798–1803)
• TheRepublic of Danzig(1807–1814)
• TheRhodanic Republic(1802–1810) (Valais)

See also

• List of French client states