Jump to content

Suspiria

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the 1977 film. For the 2018 remake of the film, seeSuspiria(2018 film).For other uses, seeSuspiria (disambiguation).
Not to be confused withSusperia.

Suspiria
Theatrical release poster
Directed byDario Argento
Screenplay by
Based onSuspiria de Profundis
byThomas De Quincey
Produced byClaudio Argento
Starring
CinematographyLuciano Tovoli
Edited byFranco Fraticelli
Music by
Production
company
Seda Spettacoli
Distributed byProduzioni Atlas Consorziate
Release date
  • 1 February 1977(1977-02-01)(Italy)
Running time
99 minutes[1]
CountryItaly
Languages
  • English
  • Italian
Box office
  • 1.43 billionlire(Italy)
  • $1.8 million (North American rentals)[2]

Suspiriais a 1977 Italiansupernatural horror filmdirected byDario Argento,who co-wrote the screenplay withDaria Nicolodi,partially based onThomas De Quincey's 1845 essaySuspiria de Profundis.The film starsJessica Harperas an American ballet student who transfers to a prestigious dance academy but realizes, after a series of murders, that the academy is a front for a coven of witches. It also featuresStefania Casini,Flavio Bucci,Miguel Bosé,Alida Valli,Udo Kier,andJoan Bennett,in her final film role.

The film is the first of the trilogy Argento refers to asThe Three Mothers,which also comprisesInferno(1980) andThe Mother of Tears(2007).Suspiriahas received a positive response from critics for its visual and stylistic flair, use of vibrant colors and itsscoreby Argento and theprogressive rockbandGoblin.

Suspiriawas nominated for twoSaturn Awards:Best Supporting Actressfor Bennett in 1978, and Best DVD Classic Film Release in 2002. It is recognized as one of the most influential films in thehorror genreand has received acclaim from critics in retrospective reviews. It served as the inspiration for a 2018film of the same title,directed byLuca Guadagnino.

Plot

[edit]

Suzy Bannion, a young American ballet student, arrives inFreiburg,Baden-Württemberg,Germany during a torrential downpour to study at theco-edTanz Akademie, a prestigious German dance school. She sees another student, Pat Hingle, flee the school in terror. Suzy is refused entry to the school and forced to stay in town overnight. Pat takes refuge at a friend's apartment and tells her that something sinister happened at the school. Pat is ambushed by a shadowy figure who stabs her repeatedly and drags her to the roof of the apartment building before hanging her with a noose by throwing her through the building'sskylight.Pat's friend is also killed after being impaled by a falling giant shard of glass while trying to alert other tenants to the murder.

Suzy returns to the school the next morning, where she meets Miss Tanner, the head instructor, and Madame Blanc, the deputy headmistress. Tanner introduces Suzy to Pavlos, one of the school's servants. She also meets classmates Sara and Olga, her new roommate. Suzy experiences an unsettling encounter with one of the school's matrons and Blanc's nephew, Albert, before passing out during a dance class. When she regains consciousness, Suzy learns that Olga has thrown her out of her apartment, forcing her to live at the school with Sara in the room next door.

While the students are preparing for supper one night,maggotsrain down from the ceilings of their rooms due to a shipment of spoiled food in the attic, forcing them to sleep in one of the dance studios. During the night, a woman enters the room but is obscured by a curtain hung around the room's perimeter. Sara, frightened by her hoarse and labored breathing, recognizes her as the school's headmistress, who is supposedly out of town. The next day, the school's blind pianist, Daniel, is abruptly fired by Miss Tanner when hisGerman Shepherdbites Albert. Daniel is stalked by an unseen force while walking through a plaza that night; his dog turns on him and viciously rips out his throat.

Sara tells Suzy that she was the one on the intercom who refused her entry the night Pat was murdered. She reveals that Pat was behaving strangely before her death and promises to show Suzy the notes that she left behind. Sara finds that Pat's notes are missing and is forced to flee when an unseen assailant enters the room. They pursue her through the school before cornering her in the attic. She escapes through a small window before falling into a pit ofrazor wire,entangling her and allowing her pursuer to kill her by slashing her throat.

Suzy investigates Sara's disappearance the next morning. Tanner tells her that Sara has fled the school. Suspicious, Suzy contacts Sara's friend and former psychiatrist, Frank Mandel. He reveals that the school was established by GreekémigréeHelena Markos in 1895, who was allegedly awitch.Suzy also consults with Professor Milius, a professor of theoccult.He reveals that acovenof witches perishes without their leader, from whom they draw power.

When Suzy returns to the school, she finds that everyone has left to attend theBolshoi Ballet.After being attacked by a bat and recalling a conversation with Sara about footsteps, she follows the sound of them carefully, leading her to Madame Blanc's office. Remembering that Pat uttered the wordssecretandiristhe night that she was killed, Suzy discovers a hidden door that opens by turning a blue iris on a mural in Blanc's office. Suzy enters the corridor and finds the academy's instructors, led by Madame Blanc, plotting her demise in the form of ahuman sacrifice.Albert alerts Pavlos to Suzy's presence. Suzy hides in an alcove, where she finds Sara's disfigured corpse.

Pursued by Pavlos, Suzy retreats to Helena Markos's bedroom. Suzy finds Markos sleeping, recognizing her as the headmistress by her labored breathing. She accidentally wakes her by breaking a decorativepeacockwith crystal plumage. Markos renders herselfinvisibleand taunts Suzy beforereanimating Sara's mutilated corpseto murder her. When flashes of lightning inadvertently reveal Markos's silhouette, Suzy impales her through the neck with one of the peacock's broken glass quills. Markos's death causes Sara's corpse to vanish.

Suzy flees as the school starts to implode. Madame Blanc, Miss Tanner, Pavlos and the rest of the coven perish without the power of Markos to sustain them. Suzy escapes into the rainy night as the school is consumed by fire.

Cast

[edit]

DirectorDario Argentoprovides the narration in the original Italian version. In the English version, the narration is provided by William Kiehl.

Production

[edit]

Development

[edit]

Argento basedSuspiriain part onThomas De Quincey's essaySuspiria de Profundis(1845).[3][4]Critic Maitland McDonagh notes: "In Argento's reading [of the material], the three mothers generate/inhabit a cinematic world informed byJungianarchetypal imagery, each holding sway over a particular city. "[5]Argento said the idea for the film came to him after a trip through several European cities, includingLyon,Prague,andTurin.[6]He became fascinated by the "Magic Triangle",a point where the countries of France, Germany, and Switzerland meet;this is whereRudolf Steiner,a controversial social reformer andoccultist,founded ananthroposophiccommunity.[6]Commenting on witchcraft and the occult, Argento stated: "There's very little to joke about. It's something that exists."[6]The title and general concept of "The Three Mothers"—a concept Argento would expand upon inInfernoandMother of Tears—came from De Quincey's essay, which was an uncredited inspiration for the film.[7]There is a section in the work entitled "Levana and Our Ladies of Sorrow".[8]The piece asserts that just as there are threeFatesand threeGraces,there are three Sorrows: "Mater Lacrymarum, Our Lady of Tears", "Mater Suspiriorum, Our Lady of Sighs", and "Mater Tenebrarum, Our Lady of Darkness".

Daria Nicolodihelped Argento write the screenplay for the film, which combined the occult themes that interested Argento withfairytalesthat were inspiring to Nicolodi, such asBluebeard,Pinocchio,andAlice's Adventures in Wonderland.[6]Nicolodi also partially based her contributions to the screenplay on a personal story her grandmother had told her, in which her grandmother had gone to take a piano lesson at an unnamed academy where she believed she encounteredblack magic.[6]The encounter terrified her grandmother, prompting her to flee.[6]This story, however, was later said by Argento to have been fabricated.[9]Using Nicolodi's core ideas, Argento helped co-write the screenplay, which he chose to set at a dance academy in Freiburg im Breisgau, near the German borders with Switzerland and France.[6]The lead character of Suzy Bannion was based onSnow White.[6]Initially, the characters in the film were very young girls—around eight to ten years old—but this was altered when the film's producers were hesitant to make a film with all young actors.[6]Additionally, the final sequence of the film was based on a dream Nicolodi had while she was staying in Los Angeles.[6]

Casting

[edit]

American actressJessica Harperwas cast in the lead role of American ballet dancer Suzy Bannion,[10]after attending an audition via theWilliam Morris Agency.[6]Argento chose Harper based on her performance inBrian De Palma'sPhantom of the Paradise(1974).[6]Upon being cast in the film, Harper watched Argento'sFour Flies on Grey Velvet(1971) to better understand the director's style.[6]Harper turned down a role inWoody Allen'sAnnie Hall(1977) in order to appear in the film.[11]

Argento requested Italian actressStefania Casinifor the supporting role of Sara, a request which she obliged, having been an admirer of his films.[6]Daria Nicolodi had originally planned on playing the role of Sara, but was unable to due to an injury, and Casini was brought in at the last minute.[6]German actorUdo Kierwas cast in the minor supporting role of Frank Mandel.[6]

Filming

[edit]
The façade ofThe Whale HouseinFreiburgwas replicated for the film.

The majority ofSuspiriawas shot at De Paoli studios in Rome, where key exterior sets (including the façade of the academy) were constructed.[12]Actress Harper described the film shoot as "very, very focused", as Argento "knew exactly what he was looking for".[6]The façade of the academy was replicated on a soundstage from the real-lifeWhale Housein Freiburg.[6]Additional photography took place inMunich,including Daniel's death scene in theKönigsplatzsquare, as well as the opening scene of the film, which was shot on location at theMunich Airport.[6]The scene in which Suzy meets with Dr. Mandel was filmed outside theBMW Headquartersbuilding in Munich.[6]

Suspiriais noteworthy for several stylistic flourishes that have become Argento trademarks, particularly the use ofset-piecestructures that allow the camera to linger on pronounced visual elements.[13]CinematographerLuciano Tovoliwas hired by Argento to shoot the film, based on color film tests he had completed, which Argento felt matched his vision, in part inspired bySnow White(1937).[6]The film was shot usinganamorphic lenses.Theproduction designandcinematographyemphasize vividprimary colors,particularly red, creating a deliberately unrealistic, nightmarish setting, emphasized by the use ofimbibitionTechnicolorprints. Commenting on the film's lush colors, Argento said:

We were trying to reproduce the colour ofWalt Disney'sSnow White;it has been said from the beginning that Technicolor lacked subdued shades, [and] was without nuances—like cut-out cartoons.[14]

The imbibition process, used forThe Wizard of Oz(1939) andGone with the Wind(1939), is much more vivid in its color rendition than emulsion-based release prints, therefore enhancing the nightmarish qualities of the film Argento intended to evoke.[6]It was one of the final feature films to be processed in Technicolor, using the last remaining machine in Rome.[15]

Post-production

[edit]

Dubbing

[edit]

All of the actors' dialogue was dubbed throughadditional dialogue recording—a common practice in Italian filmmaking at the time.[6]

Musical score

[edit]
Main article:Suspiria (1977 soundtrack)

The Italianprogressive rockbandGoblincomposed most of the film'sscorein collaboration with Argento himself.[6]Goblin had scored Argento's earlier filmDeep Redas well as several films followingSuspiria.In the film's opening credits, they are referred to as "The Goblins".[6]LikeEnnio Morricone's compositions forSergio Leone,Goblin's score forSuspiriawas created before the film was shot.[6]It has been reused in multipleHong Kongfilms, includingYuen Woo-ping'smartial arts filmDance of the Drunk Mantis(1979) andTsui Hark's horror-comedyWe're Going to Eat You(1980).

The main title theme was named as one of the best songs released between 1977 and 1979 in the bookThe Pitchfork 500:Our Guide to the Greatest Songs from Punk to the Present,compiled by music websitePitchfork.It has been sampled on theRaekwonandGhostface Killahsong "Legal Coke",[16]from the R. A. G. U.mix tape,byRJD2for the song "Weather People" byCage[17]and byArmy of the Pharaohsin their song "Swords Drawn".

Release

[edit]

Suspiriawas released in Italy on 1 February 1977.[18]20th Century Foxacquired the American distribution rights;[19]due to its violent content, they were hesitant to releaseSuspiria,but eventually premiered the film in July 1977 through ashell company,International Classics.[11][20][21]The original American prints were cut by a total of eight minutes in order for the film to pass with anR-rating.[11]Despite initial reservations, the film's American release was commercially successful, and proved to be Fox's seventh highest-grossing release of the year in theatrical rentals.[2]Of all of Argento's films,Suspiriawas his highest–grossing in the United States.[22]

Critical response

[edit]

Janet MaslinofThe New York Timeswrote a mixed review, saying the film had "slender charms, though they will most assuredly be lost on viewers who are squeamish."[23]TheLos Angeles Times'sKevin Thomaswrote that the film was "consistently suspenseful and diverting" despite being "marred by stilted, poorly dubbed English dialogue".[24]John Stark ofThe San Francisco Examinerwas critical, writing: "Suspiriais mostly gore, with little plot or intrigue. "[25]Gene Siskelof theChicago Tribuneexpressed similar sentiments, criticizing Harper's role to being "reduced to cowering in corners" and "costumed to look much younger than her years"; while praising Argento's "visually stylish" direction, he felt thatSuspiriawas inferior to his directorial debutThe Bird with the Crystal Plumage(1970) and "plays like a weak imitation ofThe Exorcist(1973) ".[21]

Like Siskel, Bruce McCabe ofThe Boston Globelikened the film toThe ExorcistandThe Sentinel(1977), ultimately deeming it "a fitful, uneven piece of work too often more uncontrolled than the hysteria it's trying to create."[26]Dave Kehrof theChicago Readergave a favorable review, claiming that "Argento works so hard for his effects—throwing around shock cuts, colored lights and peculiar camera angles—that it would be impolite not to be a little frightened".[27]AlthoughJ. HobermanofThe Village Voicegave a positive review as well, he called it "a movie that makes sense only to the eye".[28]Bob Keaton of theFort Lauderdale Newspraised the film's "well-crafted plot", likening elements of it to the works ofEdgar Allan Poe,adding: "For the seekers of superficially devilish thrills,Suspiriais just the thing. "[29]A review in theColorado Springs Gazettedeemed it "a film to experience and for lovers of cinematic suspense...Suspiriamay prove to be the most harrowing shocker ever filmed. "[30]

Retrospective assessment

[edit]

In the years since its release,Suspiriahas been cited by critics as acult film.[31]In the bookEuropean Nightmares: Horror Cinema in Europe Since 1945(2012), the film is noted for being an "exemplar ofEurohorror... it is excessive but here the excess seems to entail a more forceful retardation of a narrative drive, to the extent that the narrative periodically ceases to exist. "[32]Suspiriahas been praised by film historians and critics for its emphasized employment of color and elaborate set-pieces; film scholarJohn Kenneth Muirnotes that "each and every frame ofSuspiriais composed with an artistic, remarkable attention to color. "[33]

The Village VoicerankedSuspiria#100 on their list of the 100 greatest films made in the 20th century.[34]Adam Smith ofEmpiremagazine awarded the film a perfect score of five out of five.[35]Empiremagazine also rankedSuspiria#312 on their list of the 500 greatest films ever[36]as well as number 45 on their list 'The 100 Best Films of World Cinema'.[37]AllMoviecalled it "one of the most striking assaults on the senses ever to be committed to celluloid... this unrelenting tale of the supernatural was—and likely still is—the closest a filmmaker has come to capturing a nightmare on film. "[18]Entertainment WeeklyrankedSuspiria#18 on their list of the 25 scariest films ever.[38]A poll of critics ofTotal Filmranked it #3 on their list of the 50 greatest horror films ever.[39]One of the film's sequences was ranked at #24 onBravo'sThe 100 Scariest Movie Momentsprogram.[40]IGNranked it #20 on their list of the 25 best horror films.[41]

On thereview aggregatorRotten Tomatoes,the film holds a 93% score based on 61 retrospectively collected reviews, with an average rating of 8.40/10. The website's critical consensus states: "The blood pours freely in Argento's classicSuspiria,agiallohorror as grandiose and glossy as it is gory. "[42]Rotten Tomatoes also ranked it #61 on their list of the top 100 horror movies.[43]OnMetacritic,the film has a weighted average score of 79 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[44]

Home media

[edit]

Suspiriawas released onDVDbyAnchor Bay Entertainmentin a three-disc set[45]on 11 September 2001. This release, which was a limited edition run restricted to 60,000 units, features aTHX-certified video master of the film, with a second disc consisting of a 52-minute documentary and other bonus material; the third disc is aCDconsisting of the original film score.[45]This release also includes a 28-page booklet and ten lobby card and poster reproductions.[46]Goblin frontmanClaudio Simonettilater formed theheavy-metalband Daemonia; the DVD also contains a video of the band playing a reworking of theSuspiriatheme. A standard single-disc edition was released by Anchor Bay the following month.[47]

On 19 December 2017, the independent home media distributorSynapse Filmsreleased the film for the first time onBlu-rayin the United States in a limitedsteelbookpackage.[48]This release also consists of three discs which include a4Krestoration of the feature film, bonus materials, and the original score on a compact disc.[48]A wide-release version not containing the soundtrack CD was released on 13 March 2018.[49]On 19 November 2019, Synapse released their restoration in 4K but without the soundtrack CD nor an accompanying Blu-ray disc.[citation needed]

In Italy, the film received a 4K-remastered Blu-ray release via the Italian distributor Videa in February 2017. It did not use the same 4K restoration as the US Synapse release.[citation needed]

Legacy

[edit]

Three bands—the Norwegianthrash-metalbandSusperia;a pioneering mid-1990s UKgothic rockband,Suspiria;and thewitch-houseproject Mater Suspiria Vision—have named themselves after the film. Several albums have also used the title, includingan album by gothic metal band Darkwell,an album by Darkwave band Miranda Sex GardenandSuspiria de ProfundisbyDie Form,which can also be regarded as inspired by Thomas De Quincey's work of the same title. The film's music has also been imitated and sampled by various artists, includingMinistryin the track "Psalm 69" from their albumPsalm 69: The Way to Succeed and the Way to Suck Eggs,Cage Kennylzon "Weather People" andAtmosphereon "Bird Sings Why the Caged I Know". The American death metal band Infester included a sample from the film in their song, "Chamber of Reunion", from their albumTo the Depths, In Degradation(1994). TheHouston,Texas-based Two Star Symphony Orchestra included a track titled "Goblin Attack" on their 2004 CDDanse Macabre: Constant Companionthat features a strings rendition of theSuspiriatheme; the track's title also appears to be a reference to the band Goblin.The 69 Eyeshave a song called "Suspiria Snow White" on their albumBack in Blood(2009).[citation needed]In 1991, the California-based instrumental band Gargamel recorded a version of theSuspiriatheme featuring dulcimer and tape manipulations amongst their covers of horror film soundtrack compositions.[50]

A section of the soundtrack cues "Markos", "Witch", and "Death Valzer" were incorporated into the Australian radiophonic workWhat's Rangoon to You is Grafton to Me,conceived and written by radio presenter and authorRussell Guy,co-narrated by Guy and former ABC-TV newsreaderJames Dibble,and co-produced by Guy and Graham Wyatt. It was originally broadcast in 1978 on the ABC's "youth" radio station 2JJ aka Double Jay (the Sydney-based AM-band precursor to the currentTriple Jnetwork).[citation needed]

In books bySimon R. Green,mentions are often made of a "Black Forest Dance Academy" in Germany, a place where witches andSatanistsgather, a possible reference toSuspiria.[citation needed]

Suspiriais featured in the documentary filmTerror in the Aisles(1984). In the comedy-drama filmJuno(2007),Suspiriais considered by the title character to be the goriest film ever made, until she is shownThe Wizard of Goreand changes her mind, saying it is actually gorier thanSuspiria.The film is also mentioned in the episode "The Seminar" ofThe Office(season 7), Kirby Reed's horror film collection in the horror filmScream 4(2011), and inRyan Murphy’sAmerican Horror Story: Hotelwhere a character watchesSuspiriaon television.[citation needed]

In March 2020, a new score, featuring members ofKing Gizzard and the Lizard Wizardalongside other Melbourne musicians, was performed live with a screening of the film.[51]

[edit]

Subsequent films

[edit]

Suspiriais the first of a trilogy of films by Argento, referred to as "The Three Mothers".[52]The trilogy centers around three witches, or "Mothers of Sorrow" who unleash evil from three locations in the world.[53]InSuspiria,Helena Marcos isMater Suspiriorum(lit.Latin: "Mother of Sighs" ) inFreiburg.[54]Argento's 1980 filmInfernofocuses onMater Tenebrarum(lit.Latin: "Mother of Darkness" ), inNew York City.[14]The final installment in the trilogy,The Mother of Tears(2007), focuses onMater Lachrymarum(lit.Latin: "Mother of Tears" ) in Rome.[14]

Film scholar L. Andrew Cooper notes "Aesthetic experience is arguably the ultimate source of 'meaning' in all of Argento's films, butSuspiriaand the other films of the Three Mothers trilogy...take their emphasis on aesthetics further by self-consciously connecting their irrational worlds to nineteenth-century romanticism and the aestheticism that grew out of it. "[4]

Unfilmed remake

[edit]

It was announced throughMTVin 2008 that a remake ofSuspiriawas in production, to be directed byDavid Gordon Green,who directed films such asUndertowandPineapple Express.[55]The announcement was met with hostility by some,[56]including Argento himself.[57]The film was to be produced by Italian production company First Sun.[58]In August 2008, it was reported thatNatalie Portmanand Annette Savitch's Handsome Charlie Films were set to produce the remake, and that Portman would play the lead role.[59]The project was also announced to be produced by Marco Morabito andLuca Guadagnino.[60]After a period of no news in which it was thought that the remake attempt had failed, Green said in August 2011 that he was still trying to remake the film.[56]It was announced on 15 May 2012 that actressIsabelle Fuhrmanwould be cast as the lead.[61]Later that year, however, the planned remake was put on hold. In January 2013, Green revealed that it might never happen due to legal issues.[62]In April 2014, Green admitted the remake was too expensive to make during the "found-footageboom ", and thus the film was ultimately not made.[63]

In April 2015, an English-language television series based on the film—along with a series based onSergio Corbucci'sDjango(1966)—was announced as being developed by Atlantique Productions and Cattleya. Both series were set to consist of twelve 50-minute long episodes, with the possibility of multiple seasons.[64][65][66][67][68]

2018 film

[edit]
Main article:Suspiria (2018 film)

In September 2015, Italian director Gianluca Guadagnino announced at the72nd Venice Film Festivalthat he would direct a new version ofSuspiria,with the intention of using the cast of his filmA Bigger Splash(Tilda Swinton,Matthias Schoenaerts,Ralph Fiennes,andDakota Johnson).[69]In the lead-up to filming, Johnson stated that she was undertaking ballet training to prepare.[70]On 23 November 2015, Guadagnino revealed shooting would begin in August 2016.[71][72]In October 2016, it was announced thatChloë Grace Moretzwould co-star, alongside Johnson and Swinton.[73]The film finished shooting on 10 March 2017[74]in Berlin.[75][76]The film was described by Guadagnino as an "homage" to the 1977 film rather than a directremake.[77]Guadagnino's version is set in Berlin circa 1977 (the year in which Argento's film was released), with a thematic focus on "the uncompromising force of motherhood".[78][79]

Awards

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^"Suspiria(18) (CUT) ".British Board of Film Classification.28 July 1977.Retrieved4 July2013.
  2. ^abSolomon 1989,p. 233.
  3. ^McDonagh 2010,p. 146.
  4. ^abCooper 2012,p. 88.
  5. ^McDonagh 2010,p. 29.
  6. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzHertz, Gary (director) et al. (2001).Suspiria 25th Anniversary.Anchor Bay Entertainment.
  7. ^McDonagh 2010,p. 130.
  8. ^De Quincey, Thomas(2001).Eliot, Charles William(ed.).Levana and Our Ladies of Sorrow.The Harvard Classics.Vol. XXVII. New York:P.F. Collier & Son(published 1909–1914) – viaBartleby.{{cite book}}:|work=ignored (help)
  9. ^"Dario Argento – Film and Music: Interviews".Bizarre.Archived fromthe originalon 1 April 2013.Retrieved9 November2012.
  10. ^Bosco, Scott Michael (2001). "Jessica Harper Interview".Suspiria(booklet). Anchor Bay Entertainment.
  11. ^abcKalat, David.Suspiria.Turner Classic Movies.In the Know.
  12. ^Curti 2017,p. 133.
  13. ^Bondanella 2009,p. 323.
  14. ^abcMcDonagh 2010,p. 138.
  15. ^jrhodes (21 May 2009)."Dario Argento's Suspiria: A Visual and Aural Masterwork".Indiana Public Media.Retrieved18 December2017.
  16. ^Kay, Tony (10 October 2014)."'Suspiria': A Rookie's Guide to a Horror Classic ".CityArts Magazine.Retrieved20 December2017.
  17. ^"Symphony Of Fear: Hip Hop's Best Horror Movie Theme Samples".Hip Hop DX.28 October 2011.Retrieved20 December2017.
  18. ^abBuchanan, Jason."Suspiria".AllMovie.Archived fromthe originalon 29 July 2012.Retrieved18 December2017.
  19. ^"20th Century-Fox acquired Dario Argento's" Suspiria "for U.S. release".Variety.varietyultimate. 11 May 1977.Retrieved2 September2017.
  20. ^McDonagh 2010,p. 149.
  21. ^abSiskel, Gene(8 August 1977)."Fox covers its prints on its part in 'Suspiria'".Chicago Tribune.p. 7 – via Newspapers.Open access icon
  22. ^Allmer, Huxley & Brick 2012,p. 15.
  23. ^Maslin, Janet(13 August 1977)."'Suspiria,' a Specialty Movie, Drips With Gore ".The New York Times.Retrieved10 August2012.
  24. ^Thomas, Kevin(26 August 1977)."'Suspiria': Highly Stylized Horror ".Los Angeles Times.p. 23 – via Newspapers.Open access icon
  25. ^Stark, John."Ballet school ought to be disbarred".The San Francisco Examiner.p. 31 – via Newspapers.Open access icon
  26. ^McCabe, Bruce."'Suspiria' is fitful ".The Boston Globe.p. 29 – via Newspapers.Open access icon
  27. ^Kehr, Dave (26 October 1985)."Suspiria".chicagoreader.Retrieved10 August2012.
  28. ^Hoberma, J. (1 September 2009)."Suspiria Shock: Two Runs in Two Weeks – Page 1 – New York – Village Voice".The Village Voice.Retrieved10 August2012.
  29. ^Keaton, Bob (30 November 1977)."Mysterious 'Suspiria' a Horror Fan's Delight".Fort Lauderdale News.Fort Lauderdale, Florida – via Newspapers.Open access icon
  30. ^"'Suspiria' horror sensation ".Colorado Springs Gazette.Colorado Springs, Colorado. 27 August 1977. p. 29-D – via Newspapers.Open access icon
  31. ^Weiner, Robert G.; Brottman, Mikita; Cline, John (2010).Cinema Inferno: Celluloid Explosions from the Cultural Margins.Scarecrow Press. p. 64.ISBN978-0-8108-7656-9.
  32. ^Allmer, Huxley & Brick 2012,p. 14.
  33. ^Muir 2007,p. 511.
  34. ^Dirks, Tim."100 Best Films of the 20th Century".Filmsite.org.AMC.Archived fromthe originalon 3 December 2017.Retrieved17 December2017.
  35. ^Smith, Adam."Empire's Suspiria Movie Review".empireonline.Retrieved10 August2012.
  36. ^"Empire's 500 Greatest Movies Of All Time".empireonline.Retrieved10 August2012.
  37. ^"The 100 Best Films of World Cinema".empireonline.Retrieved5 August2012.
  38. ^"The 25 scariest movies of all time".ew.Archivedfrom the original on 18 September 2018.Retrieved10 August2012.
  39. ^Graham, Jamie."Shock Horror!".totalfilm.Retrieved10 August2012.
  40. ^"The 100 Scariest Movie Moments: 100 Scariest Moments in Movie History – Official Bravo TV Site".bravotv.Archived fromthe originalon 30 October 2007.Retrieved10 August2012.
  41. ^"Top 25 Horror Films of All-Time".IGN.29 October 2010. Archived fromthe originalon 10 October 2017.Retrieved30 December2012.
  42. ^"Suspiria (1977)".Rotten Tomatoes.Fandango.Retrieved31 October2022.
  43. ^"Top 100 Horror Movies – Rotten Tomatoes".rottentomatoes.Retrieved5 November2021.
  44. ^"Suspiria (1977) Reviews".Metacritic.CBS Interactive.Retrieved25 March2020.
  45. ^abGonzalez, Ed (8 January 2002)."DVD Review: Suspiria".Slant Magazine.Retrieved19 December2017.
  46. ^Sanchez, Rick (4 October 2001)."Suspiria Limited Edition".IGN.Retrieved18 December2017.
  47. ^Chaw, Walter (19 January 2002)."Suspiria (1977) – DVD".Film Freak Central.Retrieved17 December2017.
  48. ^abCoffel, Chris (23 November 2017)."Synapse's 'Suspiria' SteelBook Gets a December 19th Release Date".Bloody-Disgusting.Archived fromthe originalon 20 December 2017.Retrieved19 December2017.
  49. ^Sprague, Mike (25 January 2018)."Suspiria 4K gets wide release via Synapse this March".Joblo.Retrieved28 January2018.
  50. ^"Gargamel 7" single "Suspiria" on Discogs ".Discogs.Retrieved10 October2023.
  51. ^"Suspiria (1977)".hearmyeyes.au.Retrieved19 October2021.
  52. ^Cooper 2012,p. 73.
  53. ^Cooper 2012,pp. 87–92.
  54. ^Cooper 2012,pp. 88–9.
  55. ^Adler, Shawn (5 March 2008)."David Gordon Green Confirms 'Suspiria' Remake".MTV.Archived fromthe originalon 9 March 2008.Retrieved10 September2015.
  56. ^abBrigden, Charlie."Please Leave Suspiria Alone".lostinthemultiplex.Archived fromthe originalon 20 November 2012.Retrieved5 August2012.
  57. ^Archived atGhostarchiveand theWayback Machine:Þorvalds, Esther."Interview with Dario Argento after his masterclass".riff.is/tv.Retrieved9 October2012.
  58. ^"'Suspiria' Remake to Shoot in 2010 ".Bloody Disgusting.Bloody Disgusting. 8 September 2009.Retrieved5 August2012.
  59. ^"Update #2: Natalie Portman to Topline 'Suspiria' Remake!".Bloody Disgusting.6 August 2008.Retrieved5 August2012.
  60. ^Berni, Andrea Francesco (10 July 2010)."Suspiria 2010, the producer:" Yes the shooting is starting and no, there won't be Marilyn Manson "".BadTaste.it – Il nuovo gusto del cinema!.Retrieved5 August2012.
  61. ^"The Hunger Games and Orphan Star Isabelle Fuhrman Set for Suspiria".Dread Central.15 May 2012.Retrieved5 August2012.
  62. ^Castillo, Sara (28 January 2013)."Looks Like 'Suspiria' Remake Slashed".Archived fromthe originalon 10 March 2013.Retrieved19 December2017.
  63. ^Fred Topel (10 April 2014)."Joe: David Gordon Green on Nicolas Cage, Suspiria and Little House".CraveOnline.Retrieved10 April2015.
  64. ^Jean Pierre Diez (9 April 2015)."Italian cult films 'Django' and Dario Argento's 'Suspiria' to be adapted for television".Sound On Sight. Archived fromthe originalon 13 April 2015.Retrieved22 May2015.
  65. ^Kevin Jagernauth (8 April 2015)."'Django' And 'Suspiria' TV Shows In Development ".The Playlist.Retrieved18 December2017.
  66. ^Ryan Lattanzio (8 April 2015)."'Django' and Dario Argento's 'Suspiria' Getting Classy TV Series Remakes ".Thompson on Hollywood.Retrieved18 December2017.
  67. ^James White (8 April 2015)."Sergio Corbucci's Django Heads For TV".Empire.Retrieved18 December2017.
  68. ^Nick Vivarelli (8 April 2015)."'Django' And Dario Argento's 'Suspiria' To Be Adapted Into International TV Series ".Variety.Retrieved18 December2017.
  69. ^"Luca Guadagnino Talks Making 'Splash,' Next Is 'Suspiria' Redo".Variety.6 September 2015.Retrieved18 December2017.
  70. ^"The Full Story: Dakota Johnson for AnOther Magazine A/W15".AnOther Magazine.10 September 2015.Retrieved18 December2017.
  71. ^"A Bigger Splash – Abbiamo incontrato il regista Luca Guadagnino"(in Italian). darumaview.it. 23 November 2015. Archived fromthe originalon 4 March 2016.Retrieved5 December2015.
  72. ^"Suspiria, Luca Guadagnino:" Dakota Johnson e Tilda Swinton sono nel cast ""(in Italian). velvetcinema.it. 23 November 2015.Retrieved5 December2015.
  73. ^Kroll, Justin (3 October 2016)."Chloe Moretz Joins Dakota Johnson and Tilda Swinton in Luca Guadagnino's 'Suspiria' Remake (EXCLUSIVE)".Retrieved18 December2017.
  74. ^Scott Foundas (10 March 2017)."It's officially a wrap for Luca Guadagnino's SUSPIRIA!".Twitter.Retrieved18 December2017.
  75. ^Zack Sharf (16 March 2017)."Luca Guadagnino is Done Filming 'Suspiria' Remake, Working on Post-Production For Possible 2017 Release".IndieWire.Retrieved18 March2017.
  76. ^"Luca Guadagnino sets to work on Suspiria, an Amazon co-production".Cineuropa.15 March 2017.Retrieved18 December2017.
  77. ^Mumford, Gwilym (22 December 2017)."Luca Guadagnino on Call Me By Your Name: 'It's a step inside my teenage dreams'".The Guardian.Guardian News and Media.Archivedfrom the original on 22 December 2017.Retrieved27 May2018.
  78. ^"Luca Guadagnino to Reunite 'A Bigger Splash' Cast In 'Suspiria' Remake".thefilmstage. 9 September 2015.Retrieved18 December2017.
  79. ^"Empire – Luca Guadagnino Discusses Suspiria Remake".Empire.8 September 2015.Retrieved14 September2015.
  80. ^"The Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Awards – Honoring the best in classic horror research, creativity and film preservation".

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Allmer, Patricia; Huxley, David; Brick, Emily (2012).European Nightmares: Horror Cinema in Europe Since the 1945.Columbia University Press.ISBN978-0-231-85008-7.
  • Bondanella, Peter (2009).A History of Italian Cinema.A&C Black.ISBN978-1-4411-6069-0.
  • Cooper, L. Andrew (2012).Dario Argento.University of Illinois Press.ISBN978-0-252-09438-5.
  • Curti, Roberto (2017). "1977: Suspiria".Italian Gothic Horror Films, 1970–1979.McFarland.ISBN978-1-4766-6469-9.
  • McDonagh, Maitland (2010).Broken Mirrors, Broken Minds: The Dark Dreams of Dario Argento.University of Minnesota Press.ISBN978-1-4529-1537-1.
  • Muir, John Kenneth(2007).Horror Films of the 1970s.Vol. II. McFarland.ISBN978-0-7864-3104-5.
  • Solomon, Aubrey (1989).Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History.The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press.ISBN978-0-8108-4244-1.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toSuspiria.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suspiria&oldid=1239940317"